Science and the muslims
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Salam
Well if these scientists were still continuing with their research,,,ISLAM would be ruling the world..
It was the uphold of Hadith(and so-called Sunnah) that lead to the downfall of Science,progress and Research
Infact they believed too much in superstitions,thats why we can say we are still a step behind..And all the westerners stole our knowlege..
It was the Muftis that condemned Science..
But Alhamdulilah Truth will triumph!! -
Peace,
actually the day you posted it i checked it out. i think its cool that we have a list of what "muslims" did for the society. And would use it to debunk false claims that "muslims" are barbarians.
Other then that i think there are people from all religions and beliefs that had great ideas that benifit others thanks to God.
I dont know if there was any "down fall".
Peace -
Muslim scientists and scholars have contributed immensely to human knowledge especially in the period between 8th and 14th century CE. However, their contributions have been largely ignored, forgotten or have gone un-acknowledged. On this site you can read fascinating accounts of some of the most talented Muslim scholars in history whose contributions have left lasting marks in the annals of science, astronomy, medicine, surgery, engineering and philosophy.
What I am trying to find an answer here is to what happened after the 14th century??
Infact maybe I would use the word 'downfall' coz history has witnessed how our scholars were neglected..
Is it coz of the uphold of the so-called sunnah/hadith?
Here are some clues for you to draw your conclusions
http//www.ummah.net/history/scholars/
http//www.muslimheritage.com/day_life/default.cfmFee Amanillah,
Soraya -
Salam
Well if these scientists were still continuing with their research,,,ISLAM would be ruling the world..
It was the uphold of Hadith(and so-called Sunnah) that lead to the downfall of Science,progress and Research
Infact they believed too much in superstitions,thats why we can say we are still a step behind..And all the westerners stole our knowlege..
It was the Muftis that condemned Science..
But Alhamdulilah Truth will triumph!!That's not true. It was the research regarding what the prophet had said that was the first sciencetific research using the quranic method. The scientific method being the quranic method that is.
What stopped the mu'slims in their tracks was the gog magog or helpers of the devil and their infiltration into mu'slim society. First they built universities to control knowledge, while at the same time they took - over using their women and sex - the elite circles of power. And then they helped give knowledge to the Europeans thanks to the Almohad and to a lesser extent the Almoravids.
Then they used quran and hadith to prevent knowledge, by gathering all the islamic scholars and rulling that knowledge mentioned in the quran only refered to quranic knowledge and nothing else.
But the main reason why I'slam became so strong in the first place, was because of a person like Muhammad. He was the walking quran, I don't think anyone can deny that. As time went by, the people became distanceted from the last messenger, and the last message from the god.
We are like a lost sheep, only left with the echos of the shepherd, so what do you expect.
Over time, people themselves went away from even the teachings of the quran, or even that of the way of the prophet. Firstly they didn't bother inviting people to islam with the Africans, or the Mongols, or even the attempting with the Europeans. If they mu'slims had tried to invite them to I'slam, the world would have been a better place.
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The middle east already was a centre of science and invention under the Greeks before it became muslim.
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Peace FAR..Some proofs that can help you
- Mathematics
In the field of mathematics, bold experiments were carried out by Muslim mathematicians, under which mathematics flourished greatly and very undoubtly.Algebra was said to be invented by the Greeks, but only because;
?It was confined to furnishing amusement for the plays of the goblet?.
This is according to Oelsner. It is actually the Muslims who developed and applied the algebra as we know it in this present age, and we consider Al-Khawarizmi to be the father of algebra, because of his extensive and vital contribution to the subject.
After Al-Khawarizmi the first great mathematician and inventor of algebra, mathematics notably developed under others after him, especially Umar Khayyam.
Muslims were the first people to introduce the sine of arc in trigonometrical calculations, and it was the Muslims who invented spherical trigonometry.Muslims also discovered tangent functions and the discovery of zero was a big and invaluable contribution to the field of mathematics. Muslims also made great progress in mathematical geography.Muslims organized numbers into the decimal system, to base ten, and also invented symbols to represent unknown numbers or quantities i.e. x.
The system of Arabic numerals only came to Europe through Al-Khawarizmi?s Latin translations of his work, which came to Europe through Spain.
The word ?algorithm? is derived from Al-Khawarizmi?s name. Muslim mathematicians excelled in geometry, and it can be seen in their graphical art.
Al-Biruni (who excelled also in the fields of natural history, geology and mineralogy) was the one who established trigonometry as a distinct branch in mathematics, while other Muslim mathematicians excelled in mathematical theory.
In one way or another, mathematics is involved in nearly all subjects, from art to astrology, from medicine to geology. If it wasn?t for these Muslims, mathematics may never have flourished as it did under the Muslims, and we may never have become as advanced as we are today.
2)Astronomy
Muslims always had a special interest in astronomy. This was also linked to religion.The moon and sun has vital importance in a Muslims life, and this was the motivation that aroused great Muslim astronomers. By the moon a Muslim determines the beginning and end of the lunar calendar. By the sun a Muslim determines the times for prayer and fasting. Also, by astronomy, a Muslim can determine the correct direction of the Qiblah. The most precise and accurate solar calendar, even superior to the Julian calendar, was devised under the supervision of Umar Khayyam.
The Qu?ran also contains references to astronomy.
?The heavens and the earth were ordered rightly, and were made subservient to man, including the sun, the moon, the stars, and day and night. Every heavenly body moves in an orbit assigned to it by God and never digresses, making the universe an orderly cosmos whose life and existence, diminution and expansion, are totally determined by the Creator.?
It was these references to learn that inspired Muslims to study the heavens.Muslims integrated earlier works of the Indians, Persians and Greeks. They put these together into another synthesis.
Ptolemy?s Almagest was translated and studied, then criticized. Many new stars were discovered. In their Arabic names, they are Algol, Deneb, Betelgeuse, Rigel, Aldebaran and probably many more.
Ibn Firnas devised a chain of rings depicting the motions of stars and planets.
Astronomical tables were compiled, among them the Toledan tables, which were use byCopernicus, Tycho, Brahe and Kepler. Also compiled was Almanacs, another Arabic term. Other terms from Arabic are zenith, nadir, Albedo, Azimuth.
Muslims invented astronomical instruments, like the quadrant and the astrolabe. This not only led to developments in astronomy, but also in sea navigation, contributing to the European age of exploration.
Muslim astronomers were the first to establish observatories, and were also the first to use them. They were built in major cities of Islam, like Baghdad, Hamadan, Toledo, Maragha, Samarkand, and Istanbul. One was built by Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan in Mugharah, in Persia. Giralda or ?The tower of Seville? was the first observatory built in Europe. It was built for the observation of heavenly bodies, and was built under the supervision of the mathematician Jabit Ibn Afiah. It was later turned unto a belfry, by Christian conquers, who after expelling the Moors, didn?t know how to use it.Muslims invention of the astrolabe-which was an improvement of the Greek invention-was the most important invention until the invention of the telescope, in the 17th century.
The astrolabe was used to determine one?s latitude on the earth, using the position of the stars and the sun. This was especially important to travelers.
Abul Hasan is said to have discovered and invented the telescope. He described it as a
?Tube, to the extremities of which were attached diopters?.
Muslims were the first astronomers to challenge the long accepted ideas of Ptolemy and Aristotle, regarding eclipses, planetary orbits and the position of stars.Al-Farghani was one of the most distinguished astronomers of the House of Wisdom. He wrote the book ?Elements of Astronomy?. This book heavily discussed the motion and science of stars. It was translated into Latin in the12th century. The book exerted great influence on European astronomy. Al-Farghani?s big mistake was to support the widely held view that the earth is at the center of the universe, which he discussed in his book. Ptolemy was the first person to describe this wrongly held view, and it was later proved wrong.
Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi was a Persian astronomer who lived in the 10th century. He described-in 964- the Andromeda galaxy, our closest neighbour. He called it ?The Little Cloud?. This was the first record of a star system, outside our galaxy. His book on stars was translated into many languages, and had a great influence also, on European astronomy.
In Muslim Spain, there were many astronomers, one of which one was Al-Zarqali (from 1029 to 1080). He is known as Arzachel in Europe. He was the most famous astronomer of his age, and made a kind of astrolabe that measured the motion of stars. His work was translated into European languages, and was studied in Europe.In the 9th century, Muslims already knew that the earth was a sphere. The evidence, said Ibn Hazm, was that,
?Is that the Sun is always vertical to a particular spot on Earth?. This was five hundred years before Galileo discovered it.
Also, by the 9th century, Islamic astronomers reckoned that the circumference of the earth was 40,253.4 km, and this measurement was less than two hundred km out!
Muslim Inventions
Soap, Cleanliness, Cosmetics, Shampoo, Development of Paper, The Fountain Pen, Development of Cloth, Carpets, Garden, Glass, Development of Chess, Coffee, Sherbet, 3 Course Meal, Pay Cheques, the Windmill, Vaccination, Pointed Arch and the Crank-Shaft
For more please read http//knowingthetruth.wordpress.com/category/muslim-inventions/
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Soraya, I know for a fact that many of those aren't true. Glass was invented a thousand years before the Prophet -
By the 15th century BC extensive glass production was occurring in Western Asia and Egypt.
The development of high quality, clear glass may have occurred in muslim countries, but this is a clear trend - Muslim societies were refining earlier techniques. Just as Christian countries in the middle ages would go on to do the same. Western, secular nations still seem to be unparalleled in the intensiveness of scientific progress, and the way in which the benefits have been spread across society.
And what's the reason for this? If you look at the inventors and scientists of the Islam world - their achievements do not seem to have been because of Islam, but in spite of it - they were often distrusted and opposed by the religious clerics. Likewise, the scientists of medieval Europe where hated by the Church. So why are western, secular societies the most productive of all? They have overcome the religious establishment to an even greater extent.
Don't get me wrong, I don't think religion has to be anti-science, or that true Islam is anti-science. But the coercive power of religious clerics, with all their bad ideas, is anti-science and anti-personal freedom. You might even say it is anti-Islamic.
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And what's the reason for this? If you look at the inventors and scientists of the Islam world - their achievements do not seem to have been because of Islam, but in spite of it - they were often distrusted and opposed by the religious clerics. Likewise, the scientists of medieval Europe where hated by the Church. So why are western, secular societies the most productive of all? They have overcome the religious establishment to an even greater extent.
Can you please provide some references to "religious clerics" or the "religioius establishment" attacking inventors and scientists of the Islamic world?
Though personally, I do understand and have read of examples where the devils helpers try their best to take over the authoritative spots of a community.
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I'm considerably interested with science topic, I hope this forum could discuss on ground reason the backward of islamic science.
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Assalamualaikum brothers and sisters,
Quran is the messsage of our Almighty GOD.
Quran is not the science book, nor mathematics, nor history, nor economics and etc. BUT, Quran is the book of guidance and reference in our daily lives, be they scientists, politicians, businessmen, teachers, film directors, comedians and even the sweepers on the street.
This means that Quran is the miracle forever till day of Qiyamah. Yes, muslims centuries before were great scientists, mathematicians. Why? Because they not only read Quran, but doing research in Quran. They put Quran above everything else.
Sadly nowadays, millions of Muslims read Quran ... only READ without bothering what's the meaning. They read Quran only during certain ritual times. We should use and research Quran in the science lab. Sadly most Muslims knew little bit of information in Quran, what they know is just heaven and hell in limited terms, married four wives(???), kill the enemy in the name of GOD, the beauty of the people in the paradise and other things that sometimes illogical to the Quran.
Sadly, muslims were far behinds others in terms of science and technology. That's why we are very weak now. Others dare to bomb and explode muslims right in front of us and in our TV news, but where are we? Because we cannot even manufatured our own aerospace technologies not even our our own software engineering and satellite technologies. Actually we have thousands of brilliant muslim scientists, but where are their position now in regards to the Quran? What I mean is that not to create nuclear bomb to bomb other nations, BUT we contribute our own quran knowledge to the world. We just can't be proud of our Muslim scientists centuries before. That are the things of the past. We must do something now. Rich muslim countires should have their own world class science and mathematics research lab, world class astronomical observatories, world class supercomputers, world class software engineers, world class film production not just world class buildings and sky scrapers....all of them without too depending on other nations.
It's not wrong for us to do science research with non-muslims , but convey to them the uniqueness of science and quran in relations to the results in lab or supercomputer, for example.
Wassalam.