Which are the four Sacred Months according to Quran ???
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Brother Layth,
I understand that the four restricted months are sequential (Quran 91-5)
But regarding those months ending with the approach of heat ((981) I have few doubts,- Are those 4 restricted months are same globally?
2)Or we would have to assume the approach of heat as per Arabian climate ?
I'm asking you because the approach of heat differs from country to country across the world ??
peace pr
Additional question to Lyath
3. Ramadhan in Hijra' calendar can be on any season (spring, summer, autumn or winter) within 50 Gregorian or Chinese calendar years period thus affecting the 'longest night of the year' and 'approach of heat'. Which calendar you refer to or how you do your calender calculation? -
Salaam Asana,
Thanks for the info but we don't have Zulhijjah as a month mentioned in Quran.
moreover its been proved time and again by Quran-alone submitters that Hajj can be preformed in any of those 4 restricted months.
If I were to accept your line of months then more or else I'm being forced to believe indirectly in those hadiths/history of mullas specially Mr. Tabari and if you still want to go with the history then either we have hadith or so called "Islamic historian" telling us that this are the 12 names of each month,
1.MUHARRAM 2. SAFAR 3.RABI-AL-AWWAL 4. RABI-AL-THANI
5. JUMADA-AL-AWWAL 6. JUMADA-AL-THANI 7. RAJAB 8. SHABAN 9. RAMADAN
10. SHAWWAL 11. ZUL-QAADAH 12. ZUL-HIJJAH)
My question to you is how can we be 100% sure about those 12 names in the 1st place ?? Maybe they got it all wrong or the least they could have mixed them up with pagan names & -
This thread is slowly sliding out from the attention. Put it back to where it belong so that Quranists keep on thinking about it. I thought everything in Quran are big.
Verse 2461 There is no blame upon the blind, nor is there any blame upon the crippled, nor is there any blame upon the ill, nor is there any blame upon yourselves, if you eat at your homes, or the homes of your fathers, or the homes of your mothers, or the homes of your brothers, or the homes of your sisters, or the homes of your uncles, or the homes of your aunts, or the homes of your mothers brothers, or the homes of your mothers sisters, or that which you possess their keys, or that of your friends. You commit nothing wrong by eating together or as individuals. When you enter any home, you shall greet each other a greeting from God that is blessed and good. God thus explains the revelations for you that you may comprehend.
I like this where-to-eat verse. Something that most of the people never care but written in great detail.
Also, please get back to me the exact time for Ramadhan to appear respect to Gregorian calendar at least for year 2012, 2013 and 2014.
Example For Year 2012, 1st of Ramadhan will be on 21st July, 2012.
Quranist should have this by now as fasting in Ramadhan is an obligation.
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"Surely the number of months with Allah is twelve months in Allah's ordinance since the day when He created the heavens and the earth, of these four being sacred; that is the right reckoning; therefore be not unjust to yourselves regarding them, and fight the polytheists all together as they fight you all together; and know that Allah is with those who guard . (Quran 936)
Salaam,
Well, As I'm an Ex-Salafi , we "used" to have a field day with Quran-alone guys by asking them this question. -[
But Now, I, Myself want to know about this issue so that I can answer my salafi friends )Thanks
May, Ar-Rahman, Guide & Keep us all on the right path pr
Quote
The Sacred Calendar
The dates of the weekly Sabbath, Festivals and Holy Days are set according to a sacred calendar that is nowhere fully detailed in the Bible. Rather, the Bible assumes that the sacred calendar exists, that it has been preserved accurately, and that those faithful to God know about it. Otherwise, when would God's servants know when to proclaim these days or to keep them?
We know God entrusted His "oracles" in Hebrew (including the commands regarding the Sabbath, Festivals and Holy Days) to the Jews. This means that God must also have preserved the sacred calendar through the Jews -- despite themselves, if necessary (Romans 31-4).
The first step in proving this is a comparison of the principles behind our present sacred calendar with the calendrical principles that the Bible itself outlines. Once we do this, we may know (the Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible and likeminded sources notwithstanding) that there is such a thing in principle as a "biblical" calendar in all essentials, the same "sacred calendar" that we use today in the Church of God.
Some Basic Calendar Astronomy
The biblical calendar (in both its sacred and civil forms) is a lunisolar calendar. It is not based merely on the solar year as is a purely solar calendar (such as our Gregorian calendar), nor merely on the lunar month as is a purely lunar calendar (such as that used by Islam). Rather, it uses the relationship of the lunar month to the solar year as its basis.
In the biblical calendar, the lunar month and the calendrical month are not identical. This is because the lunar month is an uneven number of days long. Moreover, the lunar month varies somewhat in length, due to the "eccentric" (non-circular, elliptical) orbits of the earth and moon. This means that the calendrical month must be either 29 or 30 days long -- that is, either somewhat less or somewhat more than the length of the lunar month.
For that matter, in the biblical calendar the length of the calendrical year is not the same as the length of the solar year. This is because 12 lunar months do not divide evenly into one solar year. A calendrical year must therefore have either 12 calendrical months (and thus be shorter than the solar year) or 13 calendrical months (and thus be longer than a solar year).
A basic question we need to ask, then, is When does the calendrical "month" (in Hebrew, chodesh or "renewal" begin in the biblical calendar?
End Quote
http//www.rakkav.com/qahal/pages/01_calendar1.htm
Jewish calendar
http//www3.telus.net/public/kstam/en/temple/details/calendar.htm
So this seems to be a mystery issue.
However it is wrong to assume that this will confuse Koranist as the Koran itself says there are verses that we will not understand. But the core message of the Koran is made clear to us and what we need for our salvation is made clear to us.
There seems to be a thinking among many Muslims that to defeat the Koranist argument we need to find something in the Koran that can not be understood except by hadith and this way we can show the Koranist that hadith and Sunnah is needed.
The reality is that there are many verses there are no hadith to explain and many verses that they are conflicting hadiths about them and many Sunni and Shia scholars have differed in them.
The other problem with this argument that some Muslims use is they only focus on the Muhammedan verses and never the verses about the era and events of the other prophets. They do that because often the Muhammedan verses have direct commands to Muhammad and his followers that the reader of the Koran sees it as talking to him or her. This is wrong theologically because the Koran also relates stories of the other prophets in present tense and often uses present commands also. Plus we must always remember that the Koran was revealed to Muhammad and that there are instances in the Koran where the Koran is concerned about what information he has or what observations he is seeing without elaborating on it. It also talks to the pagans and talks to Jews and sometimes talks to mankind as a whole. Its multi faceted and hase many angles and faces.
But simply asking some Koranist how do we know what these verses say or how would we know what these verses mean without hadith can backfire on the Sunnis and Shias who do not have much hadiths to explain the Koran. And as I said often the hadiths have conflicting interpretations. If you read the tafsir of Ibn Kathir you can see this clearly.
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Quote
The Sacred Calendar
The dates of the weekly Sabbath, Festivals and Holy Days are set according to a sacred calendar that is nowhere fully detailed in the Bible. Rather, the Bible assumes that the sacred calendar exists, that it has been preserved accurately, and that those faithful to God know about it. Otherwise, when would God's servants know when to proclaim these days or to keep them?
We know God entrusted His "oracles" in Hebrew (including the commands regarding the Sabbath, Festivals and Holy Days) to the Jews. This means that God must also have preserved the sacred calendar through the Jews -- despite themselves, if necessary (Romans 31-4).
The first step in proving this is a comparison of the principles behind our present sacred calendar with the calendrical principles that the Bible itself outlines. Once we do this, we may know (the Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible and likeminded sources notwithstanding) that there is such a thing in principle as a "biblical" calendar in all essentials, the same "sacred calendar" that we use today in the Church of God.
Some Basic Calendar Astronomy
The biblical calendar (in both its sacred and civil forms) is a lunisolar calendar. It is not based merely on the solar year as is a purely solar calendar (such as our Gregorian calendar), nor merely on the lunar month as is a purely lunar calendar (such as that used by Islam). Rather, it uses the relationship of the lunar month to the solar year as its basis.
In the biblical calendar, the lunar month and the calendrical month are not identical. This is because the lunar month is an uneven number of days long. Moreover, the lunar month varies somewhat in length, due to the "eccentric" (non-circular, elliptical) orbits of the earth and moon. This means that the calendrical month must be either 29 or 30 days long -- that is, either somewhat less or somewhat more than the length of the lunar month.
For that matter, in the biblical calendar the length of the calendrical year is not the same as the length of the solar year. This is because 12 lunar months do not divide evenly into one solar year. A calendrical year must therefore have either 12 calendrical months (and thus be shorter than the solar year) or 13 calendrical months (and thus be longer than a solar year).
A basic question we need to ask, then, is When does the calendrical "month" (in Hebrew, chodesh or "renewal" begin in the biblical calendar?
End Quote
http//www.rakkav.com/qahal/pages/01_calendar1.htm
Jewish calendar
http//www3.telus.net/public/kstam/en/temple/details/calendar.htm
So this seems to be a mystery issue.
However it is wrong to assume that this will confuse Koranist as the Koran itself says there are verses that we will not understand. But the core message of the Koran is made clear to us and what we need for our salvation is made clear to us.
There seems to be a thinking among many Muslims that to defeat the Koranist argument we need to find something in the Koran that can not be understood except by hadith and this way we can show the Koranist that hadith and Sunnah is needed.
The reality is that there are many verses there are no hadith to explain and many verses that they are conflicting hadiths about them and many Sunni and Shia scholars have differed in them.
The other problem with this argument that some Muslims use is they only focus on the Muhammedan verses and never the verses about the era and events of the other prophets. They do that because often the Muhammedan verses have direct commands to Muhammad and his followers that the reader of the Koran sees it as talking to him or her. This is wrong theologically because the Koran also relates stories of the other prophets in present tense and often uses present commands also. Plus we must always remember that the Koran was revealed to Muhammad and that there are instances in the Koran where the Koran is concerned about what information he has or what observations he is seeing without elaborating on it. It also talks to the pagans and talks to Jews and sometimes talks to mankind as a whole. Its multi faceted and hase many angles and faces.
But simply asking some Koranist how do we know what these verses say or how would we know what these verses mean without hadith can backfire on the Sunnis and Shias who do not have much hadiths to explain the Koran. And as I said often the hadiths have conflicting interpretations. If you read the tafsir of Ibn Kathir you can see this clearly.
For those of you who want look deeper into this and crunch some numbers this website is great. It tries to reconcile Jewish and Islamic calendar. Very complicated to me. I am not a number guy.
The Arabs followed the original system down to the times of the Prophet and only in the later Hadith was it destroyed. The Fuqaim, a clan of the Kinana in pre-Hadithic times carried out intercalation (ERE, ibid., p. 127). They had responsibility for the calendar in Ishmael as the Levites and Issachar had in Israel.
After the Hadith had wrecked the calendar of Islam due to its interpretation of the Surah, the leaders began introducing intercalary days in years of the cycle to correct the error, but to no avail. The procedure was that in the cycle of 30 years the years 2, 5, 7, 10, 13, 16, (15) 18, 21, 24, 26, and 29 add a day to their last month (ERE, ibid.). This was a vain attempt to regulate the calendar so as it met the needs of the people and the seasons, and still managed some semblance of following the absurd interpretation of the Hadith. In this context, reforms were made by leaders such as Fatimid Al Haziz. His reforms lasted from AH 366 to 501. The Abbasid Caliphate under at Ta?i? (AH 363-381) made reforms that lasted under the Seljuks (to 471) and the Mongol Il Khans. The old Persian calendar was reformed, but the calendar was so unusable that the authorities, down to the present, use the western solar calendars and the Gregorian, and use the Hadithic calendar for religious purposes only (ERE, ibid.).
Thus these clerics, by their error, have made the One True God appear to be the author of confusion, and blaspheme His authority and system.
Hallala, ahalla, (Heb. Hillel) meaning literally to praise (God) is derived from and explained by hilal meaning new moon. For by the New Moon were the months and sequences determined in the praise of the One True God Eloah ?the Lah? or Power.
Only by restoring the ?true? calendar is Islam able to purge itself of false teachers and return to the true faith and worship of the One True God
http//www.ccg.org/english/s/p053.html
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"Surely the number of months with Allah is twelve months in Allah's ordinance since the day when He created the heavens and the earth, of these four being sacred; that is the right reckoning; therefore be not unjust to yourselves regarding them, and fight the polytheists all together as they fight you all together; and know that Allah is with those who guard . (Quran 936)
Salaam,
Well, As I'm an Ex-Salafi , we "used" to have a field day with Quran-alone guys by asking them this question. -[
But Now, I, Myself want to know about this issue so that I can answer my salafi friends
Thanks
May, Ar-Rahman, Guide & Keep us all on the right path prYou posted the question in the wrong section. There is a whole section of the forum dedicated to this issue. I would suggest looking there first
http//free-minds.org/forum/index.php?board=6.0
Peace,
Ayman
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Zulhijjah means possessor of Hajj?.The 4 months of Hajj are the Sacred months .They start with Zulhijjah and finish by Rabi I.
By the same token, "rabi" means grazing and in Arabia the seasons of first grazing (rabi alawal) and second grazing (rabi althani) occured in the early fall and spring. Also, "ramadan" means "scorching heat". So the names of the so-called Islamic calendar months are false and have nothing to do with reality. Ironically, while the god clearly says that the crescents provide timing for "hagg" (2189), in reality the so-called Islamic Hagg has nothing to do with any crescent since it neither starts nor ends with the crescent.
Peace,
Ayman
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You posted the question in the wrong section. There is a whole section of the forum dedicated to this issue. I would suggest looking there first
http//free-minds.org/forum/index.php?board=6.0
Peace,
Ayman
Please be informed that MASOOMboy is no longer interested in this topic.
Thanks for the link. While I study the threads in the link, can you please summarize and provide the detail of Quran calendar in respect to the Gregorian calendar so that others can comment. Fyi., Quranists have few opinions regarding the Quran's calendar. Some accepted the Hijra' calendar, some refer to Gregorian, Chinese etc.
1 book, 1 GOD but many opinions and never get to agreement.
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Please be informed that MASOOMboy is no longer interested in this topic.
Thanks for the link. While I study the threads in the link, can you please summarize and provide the detail of Quran calendar in respect to the Gregorian calendar so that others can comment. Fyi., Quranists have few opinions regarding the Quran's calendar. Some accepted the Hijra' calendar, some refer to Gregorian, Chinese etc.
1 book, 1 GOD but many opinions and never get to agreement.Peace A2Z,
One needs to ask the right question to brgin with. The question is not about calendars. The god and the entire universe doesn't care abour manmade calendars. They don't care that man named a month February or Zul Hegga or Safar or whatever. They don't care that man haphazardly divided the day into 24 hours or that he made up units of 7 days and called them week. So the question is not about arbitrary manmade calendars. The question is about natural cosmic phenomena that can be used for timing. The right question is answered here
http//free-minds.org/forum/index.php?topic=9188.0
The first few posts provide the best answer currently available and in the remaining 236 pages the answer is discussed and dissected from almost every conceivable angle. This makes the above thread the best resource available anywhere on this topic )
Peace,
Ayman
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Here is my answer. From, Quran a Reformist Translation, note on verse 937
009037 Today's Sunni and Shiite mushriks consider Rajab, Zul-Qada, Zul-Hijja, and Muharram to be the Restricted Months (the 7th, 11th, 12th, and 1st months of lunar calendar). However, when we study 2197,217; 92,5,36 and the names of known months, we will discover that real Restricted Months must be four consecutive months and they are Zul-Hijja, Muharram, Safar, Rabi ul-Awal (12th, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd months). The very name of the 12th month, Zul-Hijja (Contains Haj), gives us a clue that it is the first month of haj pilgrimage. When we start from the 12th month, the last of the Restricted Months becomes the 3rd month, Rabi ul-Awal (First Fourth), and the very name of this month also is revealing; it suggests that it is the fourth month of the Restricted Months. Then, why the qualification "First"? Well, the name of the following month provides an explanation Rabi ul-Akhir (Second Fourth), which is the fourth month from the beginning of the year. In other words we have two months called "Fourth," the first one referring to the fourth restricted moth, with the second fourth referring to the fourth month of the lunar year. The word rabi (fourth) is used for seasons because each season is one fourth of a year. It is interesting that many of the crimes and distortions mentioned in the Quran have been committed by those who have abandoned the Quran for the sake of hadith and sunna; they repeated the same blunder of their polytheist ancestors.
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Peace,
936 indeed count the shwr with The God two ten (is/for twelve) shra in scripture The God day created the skies and the earth from it four prohibited
Here is my answer. From, Quran a Reformist Translation, note on verse 937
009037 Today's Sunni and Shiite mushriks consider Rajab, Zul-Qada, Zul-Hijja, and Muharram to be the Restricted Months (the 7th, 11th, 12th, and 1st months of lunar calendar). However, when we study 2197,217; 92,5,36 and the names of known months, we will discover that real Restricted Months must be four consecutive months and they are Zul-Hijja, Muharram, Safar, Rabi ul-Awal (12th, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd months). The very name of the 12th month, Zul-Hijja (Contains Haj), gives us a clue that it is the first month of haj pilgrimage. When we start from the 12th month, the last of the Restricted Months becomes the 3rd month, Rabi ul-Awal (First Fourth), and the very name of this month also is revealing; it suggests that it is the fourth month of the Restricted Months. Then, why the qualification "First"? Well, the name of the following month provides an explanation Rabi ul-Akhir (Second Fourth), which is the fourth month from the beginning of the year. In other words we have two months called "Fourth," the first one referring to the fourth restricted moth, with the second fourth referring to the fourth month of the lunar year. The word rabi (fourth) is used for seasons because each season is one fourth of a year. It is interesting that many of the crimes and distortions mentioned in the Quran have been committed by those who have abandoned the Quran for the sake of hadith and sunna; they repeated the same blunder of their polytheist ancestors.
How do you know which the first is or twelve?
What if you awoke from a long sleep ? how do you know "Zul-Hijja" month/year, ask who the Chinese?
1811-12 so We cast on their ears in the cave seasons for a number furthermore We raised them that We make evident which the two parties calculated to what they remained duration
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Here is my answer. From, Quran a Reformist Translation, note on verse 937
009037 Today's Sunni and Shiite mushriks consider Rajab, Zul-Qada, Zul-Hijja, and Muharram to be the Restricted Months (the 7th, 11th, 12th, and 1st months of lunar calendar). However, when we study 2197,217; 92,5,36 and the names of known months, we will discover that real Restricted Months must be four consecutive months and they are Zul-Hijja, Muharram, Safar, Rabi ul-Awal (12th, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd months). The very name of the 12th month, Zul-Hijja (Contains Haj), gives us a clue that it is the first month of haj pilgrimage. When we start from the 12th month, the last of the Restricted Months becomes the 3rd month, Rabi ul-Awal (First Fourth), and the very name of this month also is revealing; it suggests that it is the fourth month of the Restricted Months. Then, why the qualification "First"? Well, the name of the following month provides an explanation Rabi ul-Akhir (Second Fourth), which is the fourth month from the beginning of the year. In other words we have two months called "Fourth," the first one referring to the fourth restricted moth, with the second fourth referring to the fourth month of the lunar year. The word rabi (fourth) is used for seasons because each season is one fourth of a year. It is interesting that many of the crimes and distortions mentioned in the Quran have been committed by those who have abandoned the Quran for the sake of hadith and sunna; they repeated the same blunder of their polytheist ancestors.
Are you referring to the current Hijra Calendar or Lunar Calendar used by majority of the Muslim? If not, please explain in more details.
Have you read ayman's article in below thread?
http//free-minds.org/forum/index.php?topic=9188.0
What say you?
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Peace A2Z,
One needs to ask the right question to brgin with. The question is not about calendars. The god and the entire universe doesn't care abour manmade calendars. They don't care that man named a month February or Zul Hegga or Safar or whatever. They don't care that man haphazardly divided the day into 24 hours or that he made up units of 7 days and called them week. So the question is not about arbitrary manmade calendars. The question is about natural cosmic phenomena that can be used for timing. The right question is answered here
http//free-minds.org/forum/index.php?topic=9188.0
The first few posts provide the best answer currently available and in the remaining 236 pages the answer is discussed and dissected from almost every conceivable angle. This makes the above thread the best resource available anywhere on this topic )
Peace,
Ayman
At the beginning the thread looks interesting but when come to your below answer to Marie, I decided to stop reading.
Peace sister Marie, all,
We should only count 12 even in the years where there are 13. Hence, we should simply not count the 13th moon. The difference between absolute number ("3adad" and count ("3idat" was explained in more details in the article. Please go over those details again and let me know if there is anything that specifically requires more clarification.
I'm not Code19 believer but in math there is no subjectivity or grey area. 1 + 1 is 2. What a nonsense.
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Here is my answer. From, Quran a Reformist Translation, note on verse 937
009037 Today's Sunni and Shiite mushriks consider Rajab, Zul-Qada, Zul-Hijja, and Muharram to be the Restricted Months (the 7th, 11th, 12th, and 1st months of lunar calendar). However, when we study 2197,217; 92,5,36 and the names of known months, we will discover that real Restricted Months must be four consecutive months and they are Zul-Hijja, Muharram, Safar, Rabi ul-Awal (12th, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd months). The very name of the 12th month, Zul-Hijja (Contains Haj), gives us a clue that it is the first month of haj pilgrimage. When we start from the 12th month, the last of the Restricted Months becomes the 3rd month, Rabi ul-Awal (First Fourth), and the very name of this month also is revealing; it suggests that it is the fourth month of the Restricted Months. Then, why the qualification "First"? Well, the name of the following month provides an explanation Rabi ul-Akhir (Second Fourth), which is the fourth month from the beginning of the year. In other words we have two months called "Fourth," the first one referring to the fourth restricted moth, with the second fourth referring to the fourth month of the lunar year. The word rabi (fourth) is used for seasons because each season is one fourth of a year. It is interesting that many of the crimes and distortions mentioned in the Quran have been committed by those who have abandoned the Quran for the sake of hadith and sunna; they repeated the same blunder of their polytheist ancestors.
The problem here is that you started with the term "mushriks" when describing Sunnis and Shias. The Quran however recognizes that Sunnis and Shias are monotheist and I am not sure where is your evidence from the Koran that Sunnism and Shiasm are shirk religions.
This means your definition of shirk is radically different than that of the Koran and so how can you translate the Koran then?
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Peace Ayman
No. The root is not ARB'A (4). The root is RB'A, which doesn't mean the number 4.
Thanks for the reply?Of course the root word is ?ra ba ayn? and the statement is saying that its root is from the word of Arba?a which means 4 and it is correct BUT one letter made it sounds incorrect !!It depends on how one would like to read the statement and wants to hear what it meant!!
This is the problem with you Ayman ,you read and hear what you?d like to hear not what the truth is?Lexicon dictionary has extensive explanation of the root word and its derivative especially about Rabi ?You only stick to the spring meaning and left no explanation how on earth Arab would have/call two months as spring season !
You distorted the Sacred months and the Ramadan just because never put your Trust in God to be so Kind and Merciful leaving us some kind of mark and guidance for those who wish to be guided...
You don?t believe in a Merciful God Who is asking us to fast and perform the Hajj helping the people have some kind of calendar to follow it?.
And a Merciful God to mark the beginning of the Hajj by letting the people name the first month of it as Zulhijjah/posseser of Hajj and then revealing it the Sacred months are consecutive months?.
And a Merciful God Who is revealing that the phases of the moon is for timing the Hajj, teaching us using the lunar calendar and proving that the people knew about the
Hajj and the calendar but testing His Messenger by beating around the bush ?.And a Merciful God Who is telling us in 5640 ?? Many from the later generations? will go to Paradise reminding us their Quiblah , Hajj and fasting were accepted .
And a Merciful God Who doesn't make the religion complicated or difficult to follow it..
Do the Muslims? worlds know any Focal point other than the Kaaba? Do they know any sacred months other than at least Zulhijjah and Safar and Moharram? Do they know any month other than Ramadan for fasting according the calendar?
If there hasn?t been one believer for the last 1400 years on the right path then we all should put our hope and trust in people like you guiding us to the right direction not God, you who don?t even show your face to the public dear Ayman!!!
Ayman my Trust in God is so strong that I believe even if it is for the sake of one believer to be saved on this earth He would keep the sacred months, Ramadan and Quiblah as they are?.It all depends on how we know God and how much we trust Him...
Peace
Asana -
I'm not Code19 believer but in math there is no subjectivity or grey area. 1 + 1 is 2. What a nonsense.
Salam A2Z,
I get confused same as you, until I realize something in 7430-31 could explain about the exact math. You should focus at the word used on those verses.7429 A signal <lawwatun> to human beings.
7430 Upon it is nineteen.7431 And We have made the guardians of the Fire to be angels; and We did not make their prescribed number (of time period) <iddatahum> except as a test for those who have rejected, so that those who were given the Book would understand, and those who have faith would be increased in faith, and so that those who have been given the Book and the believers do not have doubt, and so that those who have a sickness in their hearts and the rejecters would say "What did God mean with an example such as this?" It is such that God misguides whom He wishes, and He guides whom He wishes. And none know the soldiers of your Lord except He; and it is but a reminder for human beings.
Here, you should treat the word 'iddatahum' as cycle of time period. Please check the same word used in 2184, 2185, 3349, 651, and 654 to understand the context.
And the time period here is 19. The cycle of nineteen.
Please note that the believers and people of the book knew about it, and it is the sign to all human beings (7429). I would like to show you how this 19 cycle works regarding timing period. This calculation is taken from people of the book's calendar.
In the fourth century, Hillel II established a fixed calendar based on mathematical and astronomical calculations. This calendar, still in use, standardized the length of months and the addition of months over the course of a 19 year cycle, so that the lunar calendar realigns with the solar years. Adar I is added in the 3rd, 6th, 8th, 11th, 14th, 17th and 19th years of the cycle. The current cycle began in Jewish year 5758 (the year that began October 2, 1997). If you are musically inclined, you may find it helpful to remember this pattern of leap years by reference to the major scale for each whole step there are two regular years and a leap year; for each half-step there is one regular year and a leap year. This is easier to understand when you examine the keyboard illustration below and see how it relates to the leap years above.
http//www.jewfaq.org/graphics/keyboard.gif
from http//www.jewfaq.org/calendar.htm
The Jewish calendar is based on three astronomical phenomena the rotation of the Earth about its axis (a day); the revolution of the moon about the Earth (a month); and the revolution of the Earth about the sun (a year). These three phenomena are independent of each other, so there is no direct correlation between them. On average, the moon revolves around the Earth in about 29? days. The Earth revolves around the sun in about 365? days, that is, about 12.4 lunar months.
This calendar matches with the Al Quran requirements regarding year count
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Revolution the earth about the sun and revolution the moon about the earth.105 He is the One who has made the sun a radiance, and the moon a light, and He has measured its phases; that you may know the number of the years and the count. God has not created this except with the truth. He clarifies the revelations for a people who know.
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And the rotation of the Earth about its axis (a day) as well1712And We made the night and the day as two signs, so We erased the sign of night and We made the sign of day to see-in, that you may seek bounty from your Lord, and that you may know the number of the years and the count. And everything We have detailed completely.
By knowing this, I have no doubt that 12-13 month issue is just a test for us. The Luni Solar year will be synchronized automatically every 19 years, and it well documented in the book. Verse 936 is just to confirm that the year is based on 12-month cycle, but we need to consider the 7431 to get the big picture.
And what about intercalary month in 937?
It seems that the Rejecter didn't count the 13th month (if any) as part of the restricted months.
peace..
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Ayman's article?
No. Something else?Peace,
Edip