Inheritance according to Qur?an

Noon_waalqalami

In Arabic no such thing exists that one son can be considered as ten sons also. Wherever there is more than one it is specified.

It's basic logic in any language...
IF is to person male child, YES or NO?
IF is to person child/born, YES or NO?

Once the equation is given two daughters or more, and two daughter share is to be given to a son, that takes care of entire progency and need not be repeated for two sone or more sons.

In case of one daughter the rule is specifically given, she gets half. Similarly rule in case of solitary son is given who gets remainder which is also slightly above the half of inheritance. One can calculate the proportion of other relatives from 1/3 left by the progenies by applying the formula given for one son instead of making them equal. If 5/12 goes to solitary son the others get 7/12. In case of a single daughter getting 6/12 you can calculate what will be proportioned reduction in individual shares which was once 7/12 collectively, if it is not be equally distributed amongst them.

What do you mean "one can calculate the proportion of other relatives from 1/3 left"?

It is clearly stated parents get 1/3 (1/6 each), husband gets 1/4 -- where you get 1/3?

Perhaps think, work all combinations instead of adding things which don't make sense!

son/s, daughter/s distribute 21 ratio male to female

mother/father, son/s 1/6 5/6
mother/father, 1 daughter 1/2 1/2 no son, mother/father variable
mother/father, 2 daughters 1/3 2/3 (2 daughters variable) all share equally
mother/father, 3 daughters 1/3 2/3

mother, father 1/3 2/3
mother, brother/s 1/6 5/6

mother/father, husband 1/2 1/2
mother/father, wife 3/4 1/4

father, sibling/s 1 0 not kalala has father
husband/wife, sibling/s 1 0 not kalala has spouse

husband/wife, 1 daughter 1/2 1/2 not childless; no son; husband/wife variable
husband/wife, 2 daughters 1/3 2/3
husband/wife, 3 daughters 1/3 2/3

husband, son/s 1/4 3/4

mother, father, husband 1/4 1/4 1/2
mother, father, wife 3/8 3/8 1/4

mother, father, 1 daughter 1/4 1/4 1/2
mother, father, 2 daughters 1/4 1/4 1/2
mother, father, 3 daughters 1/6 1/6 2/3

mother, father, son/s 1/6 1/6 2/3

mother, husband/wife, 1 daughters 1/4 1/4 1/2
mother, husband/wife, 2 daughters 1/4 1/4 1/2
mother, husband/wife, 3 daughters 1/6 1/6 2/3

mother, husband, son/s 1/6 1/4 7/12
mother, wife, son/s 1/6 1/8 17/24

father, husband/wife, 1 daughter 1/4 1/4 1/2
father, husband/wife, 2 daughters 1/4 1/4 1/2
father, husband/wife, 3 daughters 1/6 1/6 2/3

father, husband, son/s 1/6 1/4 7/12
father, wife, son/s 1/6 1/8 17/24

father, daughter/s, son/s 1/6 5/6 children 21 ratio
husband, daughter/s, son/s 1/4 3/4 children 21 ratio

mother, father, husband/wife, 1 daughter 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/2
mother, father, husband/wife, 2 daughters 1/5 1/5 1/5 2/5
mother, father, husband/wife, 3 daughters 1/9 1/9 1/9 2/3

mother, father, husband, son/s 1/6 1/6 1/4 5/12
mother, father, wife, son/s 1/6 1/6 1/8 13/24

mother, husband, daughter/s, son/s 1/6 1/4 7/12 children 21 ratio
mother, wife, daughter/s, son/s 1/6 1/8 17/24 children 21 ratio

father, husband, daughter/s, son/s 1/6 1/4 7/12 children 21 ratio
father, wife, daughter/s, son/s 1/6 1/8 17/24 children 21 ratio

mother, father, husband, daughter/s, son/s 1/6 1/6 1/4 5/12 children 21 ratio
mother, father, wife, daughter/s, son/s 1/6 1/6 1/8 13/24 children 21 ratio

mother, father, daughter/s, son/s 1/6 1/6 2/3 children 21 ratio

411 kalala fatherless spouseless no son (sibling/s variable)
mother, 1 daughter, sister/s 1/4 1/2 1/4
mother, 1 daughter, brother/s 1/6 1/2 1/3
mother, 1 daughter, sister/s, brother/s 1/6 1/2 1/3 siblings share equally

mother, 2 daughters, sister/s 1/4 1/2, 1/4 each 1/4 1/4
mother, 2 daughters, brother/s 1/6 5/6 daughters siblings share equally
mother, 2 daughters, sister/s, brother/s 1/6 5/6 daughters siblings share equally

mother, 3 daughters, sister/s 1/6 2/3 1/6
mother, 3 daughters, brother/s 1/6 2/3 1/6
mother, 3 daughters, sister/s, brother/s 1/6 2/3 1/3 siblings share equally

1 daughter, sister/s 1/2 1/2
1 daughter, brother/s 1/2 1/2
1 daughter, sister/s, brother/s 1/2 1/2 siblings share equally

2 daughters, sister/s daughters siblings share equally
2 daughters, brother/s daughters siblings share equally
2 daughters, sister/s, brother/s daughters siblings share equally

3 daughters, sister/s 2/3, 2/9 each 1/3
3 daughters, brother/s 2/3, 2/9 each 1/3
3 daughters, sister/s, brother/s 2/3 1/3 siblings share equally

412 kalala fatherless spouseless has son (sibling/s fixed 1/6 or 1/3)
son/s, sister 5/6 1/6
son/s, brother 5/6 1/6
son/s, sisters 5/6 1/3
son/s, brothers5/6 1/3
son/s, sister/s, brother/s 2/3 1/3 siblings share equally

daughter/s, son/s, sister 5/6 children 21 ratio 1/6
daughter/s, son/s, brother 5/6 children 21 ratio 1/6
daughter/s, son/s, sisters 2/3 children 21 ratio 1/3
daughter/s, son/s, brothers2/3 children 21 ratio 1/3
daughter/s, son/s, sister/s, brother/s 2/3 children 21 ratio 1/3 siblings share equally

mother, son/s, sister 1/6 2/3 1/6
mother, son/s, brother 1/6 2/3 1/6
mother, son/s, sisters 1/6 1/2 1/3
mother, son/s, brothers1/6 1/2 1/3
mother, son/s, sister/s, brother/s 1/6 1/2 1/3 siblings share equally

mother, daughter/s, son/s, sister 1/6 2/3 children 21 ratio 1/6
mother, daughter/s, son/s, brother 1/6 2/3 children 21 ratio 1/6
mother, daughter/s, son/s, sisters 1/6 1/2 children 21 ratio 1/3
mother, daughter/s, son/s, brothers1/6 1/2 children 21 ratio 1/3
mother, daughter/s, son/s, sister/s, brother/s 1/6 1/2 children 21 ratio 1/3 siblings share equally

4176 kalala fatherless spouseless no child/born
sister/s, brother/s 21 ratio male to female

mother, sister/s, brother/s 1/6 5/6 siblings 21 ratio

mother, 1 sister 1/2 1/2
mother, 2 sisters 1/3 2/3
mother, 3 sisters 1/4 3/4 unstated/variable distribute equally

Mazhar

It's basic logic in any language...
IF is male child, YES or NO?
IF is child/born, YES or NO?

I corrected myself because of you when you drew attention to masculine verb Kana that waladun meands a son not a child.

Waladun is masculine, its broken plural is grammatically feminine.

Mazhar

It is clearly stated parents get 1/3 (1/6 each), husband gets 1/4 -- where you get 1/3?

Yes only when the deceased had a son. Not otherwise. The situation is altogether different when he left dauther or daughters.

Noon_waalqalami

Yes only when the deceased had a son. Not otherwise. The situation is altogether different when he left dauther or daughters.

Mazhar -- the cases were below; once again please distribute according to Qur'an?

3 daughters, 1 son, parents, husband
1 - 1/6 mother - 1/6 father - 1/4 husband = 5/12 children 21 ratio male to female

3 daughters, 2 sons, parents, husband
1 - 1/6 mother - 1/6 father - 1/4 husband = 5/12 children 21 ratio male to female

3 daughters, 1 son
1 = children 21 ratio male to female

3 daughters, 2 sons
1 = children 21 ratio male to female

Mazhar

Mazhar -- the cases were below; once again please distribute according to Qur'an?

3 daughters, 1 son, parents, husband
1 - 1/6 mother - 1/6 father - 1/4 husband = 5/12 children 21 ratio male to female

Mother and father you have prioritized. It means that the inheritance instructions are with regard to parent.

But in Qur'aan the discourse starts

means all daugthers, means all sons, means combination of daugthers and sons. Subject of discourse is progenies not father and mother. They are residue beneficaries in case of progenies-dual or plural. But are prioritized in case of a son or in the absence of a son.

Noon_waalqalami

Mother and father you have prioritized. It means that the inheritance instructions are with regard to parent.

But in Qur'aan the discourse starts

means all daugthers, means all sons, means combination of daugthers and sons. Subject of discourse is progenies not father and mother. They are residue beneficaries in case of progenies-dual or plural. But are prioritized in case of a son or in the absence of a son.

Will you please distribute according to Qur'an and cite which part of which verse?

3 daughters, 1 son, parents, husband

3 daughters, 2 sons, parents, husband

3 daughters, 1 son

3 daughters, 2 sons

Mazhar

Will you please distribute according to Qur'an and cite which part of which verse?

3 daughters, 1 son, parents, husband

3 daughters, 2 sons, parents, husband

3 daughters, 1 son

3 daughters, 2 sons

3 daughters, 1 son-2/3 in 411 even if son was not there three daughters will get 2/3 and he gets share equal to two sisters. Parents, husband get the residue.

3 daughters, 2 son= 2/3 of inheritance. Residue for remaining living mentioned as who could be heirs.

Any number of daughters 2,3,4 and any no of son 1,2,3,4----=2/3 as per 411

Noon_waalqalami

3 daughters, 1 son-2/3 in 411 even if son was not there three daughters will get 2/3 and he gets share equal to two sisters. Parents, husband get the residue.

3 daughters, 2 son= 2/3 of inheritance. Residue for remaining living mentioned as who could be heirs.

Then go ahead and distribute the 1/3 residue to parents and husband?

Any number of daughters 2,3,4 and any no of son 1,2,3,4----=2/3 as per 411

The remaining 1/3 goes to whom exactly?

I also see you are translating 411 above/over two = 2 ?

Now use priority and distribute 1 sister, mother?

Mazhar

Then go ahead and distribute the 1/3 residue to parents and husband?

The remaining 1/3 goes to whom exactly?

I also see you are translating 411 above/over two = 2 ?

Now use priority and distribute 1 sister, mother?

This is also your quote

This whole priority business one has to start first with the known then allocated remainder to unknown.

1 son, mother 1 - 1/6 mother (fixed/known) = 5/6 son (variable/unknown)
1 son, husband 1 - 1/4 husband (fixed/known) = 3/4 son (variable/unknown)
1 son, 1 daughter, mother, father, husband 1 - 1/6 m - 1/6 f - 1/4 h = 5/12 children (variable/unknown) 21 ratio male to female

1 daughter, mother 1 - 1/2 daughter (fixed/known) = 1/2 mother (variable/unknown)
1 daughter, wife 1 - 1/2 daughter (fixed/known) = 1/2 wife (variable/unknown)

The only difference what I am saying is that the moment there is daughter in the progenies we will revert back to the first command. Share of progenies will always be 2/3rd notwithstanding how many or how few are the remaining living ones.

Noon_waalqalami

The only difference what I am saying is that the moment there is daughter in the progenies we will revert back to the first command. Share of progenies will always be 2/3rd notwithstanding how many or how few are the remaining living ones.

Therefore my question if always 3 daughters, 1 son = 2/3, who gets the remaining 1/3?

Likewise case 1 daughter, 1 son

Who gets the 1/2 exactly; daughter and son or when she is obviously alone?

411 and if knat/is (feminine singular) one so to her the half

Want to try and apply that to siblings as well since it is in reverse?

4176 ... so to the male like share the two (feminine)

Mazhar

Sorry Noon,

Your system is self contradictory. Once you say speicifically assigned and in other case you start where you like variable/unknown, and using at discretion son or child/children for the same word. Words of Qur'aan need not be manipulated at one's choice.

Pl first resolve this

1 son, mother 1 - 1/6 mother (fixed/known) = 5/6 son (variable/unknown)
1 son, husband 1 - 1/4 husband (fixed/known) = 3/4 son (variable/unknown)
1 son, 1 daughter, mother, father, husband 1 - 1/6 m - 1/6 f - 1/4 h = 5/12 children (variable/unknown) 21 ratio male to female

1 daughter, mother 1 - 1/2 daughter (fixed/known) = 1/2 mother (variable/unknown)
1 daughter, wife 1 - 1/2 daughter (fixed/known) = 1/2 wife (variable/unknown)

Or resolve this where all are assigned specific share

2 daughters, one father, one mother, one wife, one son.

The only problem in your system is that you are not accepting the Conditions placed by Allah the Exalted, but are reading the text word by word without assigning the role to them. Once a conditions is there, only in that case the apodosis clause is applicable otherwise it has no existence in the book of law and not to be considered.

Noon_waalqalami

Sorry Noon,

Your system is self contradictory. Once you say speicifically assigned and in other case you start where you like variable/unknown, and using at discretion son or child/children for the same word. Words of Qur'aan need not be manipulated at one's choice.

Pl first resolve this

Or resolve this where all are assigned specific share

2 daughters, one father, one mother, one wife, one son.

The only problem in your system is that you are not accepting the Conditions placed by Allah the Exalted, but are reading the text word by word without assigning the role to them. Once a conditions is there, only in that case the apodosis clause is applicable otherwise it has no existence in the book of law and not to be considered.

2 daughters, son, father, mother, wife -- simply follow the instructions...

Children any mixed combination it's always 21 male to female
411 directs you The God in your children to the male like share the two (feminine)

Parents if is to person son (i.e. if son present) 1/6 each
411 and for their parents to each one from them the sixth from what left if kna/is (masculine singular) to person walad/son

Wife if is to deceased son (i.e. if son present) 1/8
412... so if kna is to you walad/son so to them the eight

1 - 1/6 mother - 1/6 father - 1/8 wife = 13/24 children 21 ratio male to female (26/72 son, 13/72 to each of 2 daughters)

Now your turn -- please solve using Qur'an?

1 son, mother, father (here we agree)
1 - 1/6 mother - 1/6 father = 2/3 son

2 sons, mother, father (Qur'an says condition IF to person son = TRUE)
1 - 1/6 mother - 1/6 father = 2/3 sons, 1/3 each

2 sons, mother, father (You say condition IF to person son = FALSE thus all variable/undefined?)

1 daughter, 2 sons, mother, father (You say condition IF to person son = FALSE and "revolves around females&quot

1 daughter, 10 sons (You say it revolves around females and give 1 daughter how much exactly?)
411 ... and if knat/is (feminine singular) one so for her the half
1 - 1/2 daughter = 1/2 sons (1/20 each son)

Mazhar, if you disagree or you have another view then please solve each case above?

Mazhar

2 daughters, son, father, mother, wife -- simply follow the instructions...

Children any mixed combination it's always 21 male to female
411 directs you The God in your children to the male like share the two (feminine)

Parents if is to person son (i.e. if son present) 1/6 each
411 and for their parents to each one from them the sixth from what left if kna/is (masculine singular) to person walad/son

Wife if is to deceased son (i.e. if son present) 1/8
412... so if kna is to you walad/son so to them the eight

1 - 1/6 mother - 1/6 father - 1/8 wife = 13/24 children 21 ratio male to female (26/72 son, 13/72 to each of 2 daughters)

But this is not what Qur'aan says.

One important and the foremost instruction for which all is being instructed, i.e. progenies, you skip it and thus make the progenies secondary in the scheme of things.

411 directs you The God in your children to the male like share the two (feminine)-----agter this is the main and primary order

You skip this which is the ground reality in this case

Particularly note the red, it does not suggest "out/remaining of" but straight 2/3 of that which he the deceased has left.

First meet this then proceed further for left over 1/3.

Noon_waalqalami

But this is not what Qur'aan says.

One important and the foremost instruction for which all is being instructed, i.e. progenies, you skip it and thus make the progenies secondary in the scheme of things.

411 directs you The God in your children to the male like share the two (feminine)-----agter this is the main and primary order

You skip this which is the ground reality in this case

Particularly note the red, it does not suggest "out/remaining of" but straight 2/3 of that which he the deceased has left.

First meet this then proceed further for left over 1/3.

I skipped nothing; it is you who skips and fails to apply what you suggest not solving simple cases.

411 directs you The God in your children
mixed children -- to the male like share the two (feminine)
daughters > 2 -- so/ELSE IF kunna/are (feminine plural) nisa above two (feminine)
1 daughter -- AND IF knat/is (feminine singular) one so for her the half

Why you include girls with boys when it clearly says...
so/ELSE IF kunna/are (feminine plural) nisa above two (feminine)?

Why you include girl with boys when it clearly says...
AND IF knat/is (feminine singular) one so for her the half?

Now do you want to solve these simple distributions according to Qur'an or not?

2 sons, mother, father
2 sons, 1 daughter, mother, father
10 sons, 1 daughter

There can only be one non-contradictory solution/reading -- that is Qur'an!

Mazhar

Now do you want to solve these simple distributions according to Qur'an or not?

2 sons, mother, father
2 sons, 1 daughter, mother, father
10 sons, 1 daughter

There can only be one non-contradictory solution/reading -- that is Qur'an!

Two third to progenies since they are more than two daughters in equation of Aulad which is a plural feminine noun to include combination of progenies and to show plurality. Other situations are with regard to duality and singularity. The left over goes to others. If the first pronouncement is not to be given any weight thereby one thinks it is redundant while nothing is redundant.

Noon_waalqalami

Two third to progenies since they are more than two daughters in equation of Aulad which is a plural feminine noun to include combination of progenies and to show plurality. Other situations are with regard to duality and singularity. The left over goes to others. If the first pronouncement is not to be given any weight thereby one thinks it is redundant while nothing is redundant.

Excuse me are we solving the right examples?

2 sons, mother, father
2 sons = ?
mother = ?
father = ?

2 sons, 1 daughter, mother, father
2 sons = ?
1 daughter = ?
mother = ?
father = ?

10 sons, 1 daughter
10 sons = ?
1 daughter = ?

Please state which words of what verse that you are using, thank you.

This is serious not like we can agree to disagree and walk off the job; people are waiting for their shares and we still have siblings to also distribute accordingly.

Mazhar

The moment the progeny exceeds one dauhter or one son they fall in the first category---two third is theirs, otherrwise there was no point in determining individual share of a daughter, and then remainder going to others if son is the only progeny.
Pl see the numericals for daughters, it starts 3 or more than three--Kunna already contained plural feminine pronoun as its Noun, its predicate is again plural feminine, and then is over and above two feminine, and lastly is one feminine. Qur'aan is also indicating and correcting stupid concept of people that two women equal a man, or one son is equal to two daughters.

And see almost the similarity in treatment regarding a daughter and a son. Single Daughter gets, if I use your way of mentioning, 6/12 and son gets the left over 5/12.

What help I was seeking was regarding reproportioning the left over 6/12, when there is only daughter, amongst father, mother, and wife accordingly without disturbing what equation they have amongst them in casr of a single son.

Noon_waalqalami

What help I was seeking was regarding reproportioning the left over 6/12, when there is only daughter, amongst father, mother, and wife accordingly without disturbing what equation they have amongst them in casr of a single son.

OK to solve any problem we simplify or break it down to most basic elements/cases.

411 and for their parents to each one from them the sixth from what left if kna/is (masculine singular) to person walad/son

1 son, mother (this we agree on)
1 - 1/6 mother (fixed/stated) = 5/6 son (variable/dependent)

2 sons, mother ?

Likewise with siblings...

411 so if kna/is (masculine singular) to person ikh'wat/brother so to his mother the sixth

1 brother, mother
1 - 1/6 mother (fixed/stated) = 5/6 brother (variable/unstated)

2 brothers, mother ?

Mazhar

2/3, 1/3

Noon_waalqalami

2/3, 1/3

2 sons, mother ?
2 brothers, mother ?

Your answer 2/3, 1/3 ?

Continue...

411 and for their parents to each one from them the sixth from what left if kna/is (masculine singular) to person walad/son
412 so if kna is (masculine singular) to them walad/son so to you the fourth
412 so if kna is (masculine singular) to you walad/son so to them the eight

Is your solution to ignore verses above and evenly distribute all these cases?

2 sons, mother ?
2 sons, father ?
2 sons, wife ?
2 sons, husband ?

2 sons, mother, father ?

2 sons, father, wife ?
2 sons, mother, wife ?
2 sons, father, husband ?
2 sons, mother, husband ?

2 sons, mother, father, wife ?
2 sons, mother, father, husband ?

Likewise with siblings...

411 so if kna/is (masculine singular) to person ikh'wat/brother so to his mother the sixth
4176 and if kn/they were ikh'watun/siblings rijalan wanisa so to the male like share the two (feminine)

2 brothers, 3 sisters, mother ?

The above forces you to follow the directive in 4176 ratio 21 male to female.
Likewise forces you to follow 411 1/6 to mother IF brother ELSE not solvable.

Mathematical proof
1 = mother (if variable) + siblings mixed 21 ratio male to female
1 = y + 2x + x
1 = y + 3x (no solution without negative numbers (-2=y, 1=x))

The above is also proof that 4176 al-kallah is fatherless.