Quran Study Group
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Peace all,
In the previous post I elaborated a little about ad-deen. Now it is time for "yaumi ad-deeni". )
The common assumption is that ?yaumi ad-deeni? and the Last/ Judgement Day are the same. I do not think so. First of all, why then different names being given to them in the Quran, such as ?yaumi al-ahiri? or ?yaumi yubas?tuna? (1536)? Of course, it may be because they refer to different aspects of the same day/ time (judgement, resurrection of the dead, etc) but is it only? Let us look at the Quran?
The first context (after sura 1, of course) is when Iblis refuses to prostrate before Adam. As a consequence of his disobedience, Iblis is banished from Paradise and cursed
1535
"And the curse shall be on thee till the day of Judgment."
"You have incurred My condemnation until the Day of Judgment."
Wa-inna AAalayka allaAAnata ila yawmialddeeniHowever, Iblis asks Rabb to postpone his ?curse? till later, i.e. till the time of the resurrection
1536 (Iblis) said "O my Lord! give me then respite till the Day the (dead) are raised."
Qala rabbi faanthirneeila yawmi yubAAathoona
1537 (Allah) said "Respite is granted thee
Qala fa-innaka mina almunthareena
1538 "Till the Day of the Time appointed."
Ila yawmi alwaqti almaAAloomiA similar context/ situation and the name nomenclature can be found in 3878-81
3878
"And My curse shall be on thee till the Day of Judgment."
"You have incurred My condemnation until the Day of Judgment."
Wa-inna AAalayka laAAnatee ila yawmialddeeniMy conclusion thus is that ?yaumi ad-deeni? will happen/ start to happen BEFORE the resurrection and (logically and chronologically) before the Judgment.
The next context is about Abraham talking to his father and his people. He assures of his submission to Rabbi al-a?alameena and expresses hope that God will forgive his mistakes
2682
"And who, I hope, will forgive me my faults on the day of Judgment.
"The One who hopefully will forgive my sins on the Day of Judgment.
Waallathee atmaAAu anyaghfira lee khatee-atee yawma alddeeniSince we can ask for God?s forgiveness at any time of our lives, Abraham, the prophet, certainly cannot be an exception to this rule. At the time of Judgment it will be too late to change anything in our lives?
Later, Abraham prays to God to make him one of the righteous and the inheritors of Jannah (2683-85) and then mentions ?yaumi yubaathoona?, clearly associated with the resurrection and judgement2687 "And let me not be in disgrace on the Day when (men) will be raised up;-
Wala tukhzinee yawma yubAAathoona
2688 "The Day whereon neither wealth nor sons will avail
Yawma la yanfaAAu malun walabanoona
(?)It seems that again those days are not identical.
The next context brings ?yaumi ad-deeni? closer to the commonly-believed Judgment Day
3720
They will say, "Ah! Woe to us! This is the Day of Judgment!"
They will say, "Woe to us; this is the Day of Judgment."
Waqaloo ya waylana hathayawmu alddeeniHowever, I think that the resurrected admit that the day/ time of ad-deen is established and thus they will be summoned to answer for their deeds and punished (3721-26).
3726 Nay, but that day they shall submit (to Judgment);
Bal humu alyawma mustaslimoonaVerse 26 emphasizes the fact that everybody, even disbelievers, will be submitted (remember ad-deen itself? Equaled with submission to the only God, the Almighty?)
In 516 the Quran assures us that ?ad-deen will certainly come to pass/ happen?. Then it says
5112
They ask, "When will be the Day of Judgment and Justice?"
They question the Day of Judgment.
Yas-aloona ayyana yawmu alddeeniDisbelievers question the arrival of that time when ad-deen will prevail and naturally, it will bring their judgment and punishment too (5113).
Then we have sura 56. Before the context is obviously about the Hereafter. However, verse 56 is just a general statement at the time of ad-deen, God?s justice will prevail and naturally, those guilty of associating anything with Him and not submitting to Him before will ?reap what they have sown?. (?nuzuluhum? may be also translated ?what they have prepared for themselves?)
5656
Such will be their entertainment on the Day of Requital!
Such is their share on the Day of Judgment.
Hatha nuzuluhum yawma alddeeniEspecially, when we look at what follows (56 57- 74)- verses that emphasize God?s (not only creative) Power that encompasses everything and everybody. That?s ad-deen the whole creation submitted to God only. (5660 ?nothing can stop us?)
And again remember what ad-deen is and what ad-deen isn?t (sura 107). In 7022-35 the Quran offers us a description of believers, one of their traits is
7026
And those who hold to the truth of the Day of Judgment;
They believe in the Day of Judgment
Waallatheena yusaddiqoonabiyawmi alddeeni?adhabun? (judgment) is mentioned only in the next verse- which seems a chronological order rather than a description of the same day/ time.
Sura 74 do indeed talk about the Hereafter again but when ?yaumi ad-deeni? is mentioned, it is what the disbelievers are to say when confronted with the reality of the punishment. In retrospection, they admit not following ad-deen and believing in its time
7446
"And we used to deny the Day of Judgment,
"We disbelieved in the Day of Judgment.
Wakunna nukaththibu biyawmi alddeeniSura 82 is the most important one, especially that it gives 3 occurrences of the word ?deen? and also offers a definition of ?yaumi ad-deeni?!
Firstly, we are told that disbelievers, those who deny ad-deen (829) will be punished with Fire/ Hell
8215
Which they will enter on the Day of Judgment,
Will incur it on the Day of Judgment.
Yaslawnaha yawma alddeeniHowever, ?yaslawnaha? (sala) has the meaning of ?enduring the heat (of the fire), burn, roast? , not ?entering?. Even if ?entering? is correct, then have a look at the following verses
8217
And what will explain to thee what the Day of Judgment is?
Awesome is the Day of Judgment.
Wama adraka ma yawmu alddeeni8218
Again, what will explain to thee what the Day of Judgment is?
What a day; the Day of Judgment!
Thumma ma adraka mayawmu alddeeniAnd most importantly
8219
(It will be) the Day when no soul shall have power (to do) aught for another For the command, that Day, will be (wholly) with Allah.
This is the day when no soul can help another soul, and all decisions, on that day, will belong to God.
Yawma la tamliku nafsun linafsinshay-an waal-amru yawma-ithin lillahiThat?s the definition we are looking for! ?Yaumi ad-deeni? is when to God only, the Almighty, the Powerful, all decisions belong. That?s ad-deen in ?full swing?. Of course, that will happen at the end of time as we know it, and what will follow will of course be the resurrection and the judgment and the punishment/ reward. But ?yaumi ad-deeni? itself does not seem to be about the judgment?
And the last occurrence
8311
Those that deny the Day of Judgment.
They do not believe in the Day of Judgment.
Allatheena yukaththiboonabiyawmi alddeeniAnd here again, just as in sura 51 for example, the context may be that of the Hereafter but the verse is a general statement.
Let me now summarize
Ad-deen is associated with
God only
Total submission to God
God?s PowerAt the moment there may be other deens but finally only ad-deeni Allahi will prevail. The time when this will happen is ?yaumi ad-deeni?. It is not ?day?, because our human measures won?t apply to it. Of course, the time of ad-deen will encompass Resurrection and Judgment Days/ time but it will be established before them (as suras 15 and 38 suggest).
What do you think?
With peace,
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Peace with you all,
It seems that not many are willing to comment on the previous posts Shall I take it as agreement, disagreement, or indifference? I thought that the QSG project would be a shared effort of us all... ?
Anyway, my impressions on hmd
HMD (http//www.openburhan.com/ob_main_frame.html)
Hamd is for Allah only
2267, 4131, 61, 1173, 141, 148, 1675, 181, 2224, 2264, 2870, 3018, 3112, 3126, 341, 346, 351, 3515, 3929, 4142, 5724, 606, 641, 646, 858,
Also it is emphasized at the same time that God is free of all needs/wants (i.e. hmd is voluntary) as well as He is the Powerful Creator, the Possessor, the Judge and the One to be returned to.
Thus those who try to usurp the hmd for themselves will be punished
3188 Think not that those who exult in what they have brought about, and love to be praised for what they have not done,- think escape the penalty. For them is a penalty Grievous indeed.
RK Those who boast about their works, and wish to be praised for something they have not really done, should not think that they can evade the retribution. They have incurred a painful retribution.Hamd is from
malaikah
230, 1313, 3975, 407, 425,the guided ones (in paradise)
743, 1010, 3534, 3974,believers (in general)
9112, 3215, 1103 (or just Muhammad?),Ibrahim
1439,Nuh and his followers
2328,Dawood and Sulayman
2715,Muhammad
1598, 17111, 20130, 2558, 2759, 2793, 2963, 3125, 4055, 5039, 5248,even inanimate entities- thunder (1313)
Generally everything praises God
1744, 641,In some contexts also hmd is connected with ?alm (knowledge)
2715 We gave (in the past) knowledge to David and Solomon And they both said "Praise be to Allah, Who has favoured us above many of his servants who believe!"
346 And those to whom knowledge has come see that the (Revelation) sent down to thee from thy Lord - that is the Truth, and that it guides to the Path of the Exalted (in might), Worthy of all praise.The luck of knowledge make people unwilling to express hmd for God
3929 Allah puts forth a Parable a man belonging to many partners at variance with each other, and a man belonging entirely to one master are those two equal in comparison? Praise be to Allah! but most of them have no knowledge.
3125 If thou ask them, who it is that created the heavens and the earth. They will certainly say, "Allah". Say "Praise be to Allah!" But most of them understand not.I think that in the case of inanimate objects and "everything" (1744, 641) it means that they are submitted to God already, thus expressing hmd. Also they ways of expressing hmd may not be understandable for us (thus, there are many ways of praising God). People, as the ones that have been given free will and the choice, must decide if they want or not to submit and hmd God.
The phrase from 12 ?Alhamdu lillahi rabbi alaalameena? is repeated in
645, 1010, 37182, 3975, 4065, (4536),With the above-mentioned connection with 'alm and a previous analysis of alameena it seems that 12 can indeed mean " Praise be to God, the rabb of those who know/ knowledgable." What do you think?
In connection with this apparently easy-to-grasp concept I have two doubts
in 1752 are there disbelievers or believers who will praise God at the moment of resurrection? (If it is disbelievers it is then another proof that only after knowledge/ certainty comes to them, they are willing to praise God- the importance of knowledge in the process of belief and praise; if it is believers, then as in 9112 etc).
How do you understand that verse?
1779 Wamina allayli fatahajjad bihi nafilatanlaka AAasa an yabAAathaka rabbuka maqaman mahmoodanBecause the translation given on the burhan site, as well as Khalifa's, make no sense... e.g. And pray in the small watches of the morning (it would be) an additional prayer (or spiritual profit) for thee soon will thy Lord raise thee to a Station of Praise and Glory!
Looking forward to your comments,
With peace,
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Peace Wakas,
I am simply confused by the translations Plus I think there may be something more in the verse I mean the meaning of "mhmd." There is the discussion on the forum about names, particularly Muhammad was he a person or is it an adjective describing a believer etc.
And there is a similarity of this verse and another about "makam ibrahima" (2125, 397) ...
Looking forward to your comments
With peace,
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peace sister Layla,
maqam = stance/standing (its non-literal meaning)
2125, 397, 5107, 1071, 1414, 1779, 1973, 2658, 2739, 37164, 4426, 4451, 5546, 7940
mahmoodan = one who praises or gives thanks (or praised/thanked, I'm not sure about the grammar/direction of this comment)
Perhaps mhmd is the stance/standing worthy of attaining/receiving?
Wakas
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Layla Hanifa You said
"...As for the coherence, the order of surahs, verses, words in the Quran is not accidental..."
1 How do You know that the order of suras is correct? By hadiths? Dictionnary?
2 Why GOD the Almighty revealed the Quran in a different order to Muhammad and so why we have a different order in our hands?
If You respond me, please, don't quote hadiths & others sources, coz the only source I accept is The Holy Quran.
Regards. )
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Peace be upon you all,
I am back again ) and would like to continue the trip along the Quranic verses ) and to share a few thougths with you concerning "al-muttaqeena."
Muttaqeena- who are they?
The root of the word is waqa? (Omar, DOQ, pp.618-619). The word is usually translated into ?God-fearing?, ?righteous?, ?those who fear Allah?, ?the Allah.fearing?, ?those who restrain themselves?, ?those who act aright?, ?those who do their duty?, ?those who guard against evil.? It can be found in the following verses
Verses in the Quran where ?al-muttaqeena? appear
(underlined translations of the word)266 So We made it an example to their own time and to their posterity, and a lesson to those who fear Allah. (+263 remembering what was revealed- a way to become a ?mutaqeen?)
2241 For divorced women Maintenance (should be provided) on a reasonable (scale). This is a duty on the righteous.
2180 It is prescribed, when death approaches any of you, if he leave any goods that he make a bequest to parents and next of kin, according to reasonable usage; this is due from the Allah.fearing.
2194 The prohibited month for the prohibited month,- and so for all things prohibited,- there is the law of equality. If then any one transgresses the prohibition against you, Transgress ye likewise against him. But fear Allah, and know that Allah is with those who restrain themselves.
376 Nay.- Those that keep their plighted faith and act aright,-verily Allah loves those who act aright.
3115 Of the good that they do, nothing will be rejected of them; for Allah knoweth well those that do right.
3133 Be quick in the race for forgiveness from your Lord, and for a Garden whose width is that (of the whole) of the heavens and of the earth, prepared for the righteous,-
3138 Here is a plain statement to men, a guidance and instruction to those who fear Allah.
527 Recite to them the truth of the story of the two sons of Adam. Behold! they each presented a sacrifice (to Allah. It was accepted from one, but not from the other. Said the latter "Be sure I will slay thee." "Surely," said the former, "(Allah) doth accept of the sacrifice of those who are righteous
7128 Said Moses to his people "Pray for help from Allah, and (wait) in patience and constancy for the earth is Allah's, to give as a heritage to such of His servants as He pleaseth; and the end is (best) for the righteous.
94 (But the treaties are) not dissolved with those Pagans with whom ye have entered into alliance and who have not subsequently failed you in aught, nor aided any one against you. So fulfil your engagements with them to the end of their term for Allah loveth the righteous.
97 How can there be a league, before Allah and His Messenger, with the Pagans, except those with whom ye made a treaty near the sacred Mosque? As long as these stand true to you, stand ye true to them for Allah doth love the righteous.
944 Those who believe in Allah and the Last Day ask thee for no exemption from fighting with their goods and persons. And Allah knoweth well those who do their duty.
9123 O ye who believe! fight the unbelievers who gird you about, and let them find firmness in you and know that Allah is with those who fear Him.
1149 Such are some of the stories of the unseen, which We have revealed unto thee before this, neither thou nor thy people knew them. So persevere patiently for the End is for those who are righteous.
1545 The righteous (will be) amid gardens and fountains (of clear-flowing water).
1631 Gardens of Eternity which they will enter beneath them flow (pleasant) rivers they will have therein all that they wish thus doth Allah reward the righteous
1630 To the righteous (when) it is said, "What is it that your Lord has revealed?" they say, "All that is good." To those who do good, there is good in this world, and the Home of the Hereafter is even better and excellent indeed is the Home of the righteous
1985 The day We shall gather the righteous to ((Allah)) Most Gracious, like a band presented before a king for honours
1997 So have We made the (Qur'an) easy in thine own tongue, that with it thou mayest give Glad Tidings to the righteous, and warnings to people given to contention
2148 In the past We granted to Moses and Aaron the criterion (for judgment), and a Light and a Message for those who would do right
2434 We have already sent down to you verses making things clear, an illustration from (the story of) people who passed away before you, and an admonition for those who fear ((Allah)).
2574 And those who pray, "Our Lord! Grant unto us wives and offspring who will be the comfort of our eyes, and give us (the grace) to lead the righteous."
2690 "To the righteous, the Garden will be brought near,
2883 That Home of the Hereafter We shall give to those who intend not high- handedness or mischief on earth and the end is (best) for the righteous.
3828 Shall We treat those who believe and work deeds of righteousness, the same as those who do mischief on earth? Shall We treat those who guard against evil, the same as those who turn aside from the right?
3849 This is a Message (of admonition) and verily, for the righteous, is a beautiful Place of (Final) Return
3957 "Or (lest) it should say 'If only Allah had guided me, I should certainly have been among the righteous!
4335 And also adornments of gold. But all this were nothing but conveniences of the present life The Hereafter, in the sight of thy Lord is for the Righteous
4367 Friends on that day will be foes, one to another,- except the Righteous
4451 As to the Righteous (they will be) in a position of Security
4519 They will be of no use to thee in the sight of Allah. it is only Wrongdoers (that stand as) protectors, one to another but Allah is the Protector of the Righteous
5031 And the Garden will be brought nigh to the Righteous,- no more a thing distant.
5115 As to the Righteous, they will be in the midst of Gardens and Springs
5217 As to the Righteous, they will be in Gardens, and in Happiness
5454 As to the Righteous, they will be in the midst of Gardens and Rivers
6834 Verily, for the Righteous, are Gardens of Delight, in the Presence of their Lord.
6948 But verily this is a Message for the Allah.fearing.
7741 As to the Righteous, they shall be amidst (cool) shades and springs (of water)
7831 Verily for the Righteous there will be a fulfilment of (the heart's) desires.Who are ?al-muttaqqena??
The initial definition of ?al-muttaqeena? is given in the Quran itself, sura 2 verses 2-5
22 This is the Scripture in which there is no doubt, a guide for the righteous.
23 Those who believe in the unseen, and hold the contact-method, and from Our provisions to them they spend.
24 And those who believe in what was sent down to you, and what was sent down before you, and regarding the Hereafter they are certain.
25 These are the ones guided by their Lord, and these are the winners.So there are the following elements that make one a ?muttaqeen?
- belief in al-ghayb (Unseen)
- upholding salat
- spending from what they have
- belief in what has been revealed
- certainty about in al-ahira (Hereafter)
Such a person is said to be ?on the guide? from God and promised a final reward to be among ultimate winners.
Another explanation is given e.g. in 50 31-33
5031 And Paradise is brought near to the righteous, not far off.
5032 This is what you have been promised, for every obedient, steadfast
5033 The one who feared the Almighty while unseen, and came with a repenting heart.Further, e.g. in 51 15-21, where ?al-muttaqeena? are said to be ?good-doers? (muhsinina), who slept little, asked for forgiveness, gave to those in need, and were watchful to ayats from God (internal and external).
Please, notice that similar concepts appear in those descriptions (even though these are just a few examples), namely obedience, fulfilling obligations/ covenants (here translated as ?being steadfast?), al-ghaib, spending from what one has, repentance/ asking for forgiveness.
It is worth noticing that ?al-muttaqeen? is not a person who is perfect, free of error; otherwise there would be no need for him/her to ask for forgiveness, repent, or to follow a guide.
However, from 22 one can deduce that only on the condition that one is a ?muttaqeen? the Quran will serve as a guide to him, a guide without any doubt. Otherwise, the Book will be full of contradictions and unclear. Look also at 3138. The Quran is called there ?hudan (guidance, guide) wa maw?izatun (enlightment, instruction)? for ?al-muttaqeena? whereas for (common) people (nas), it serves only as a proclamation, statement, clarification (bayanun). A similar differentiation is done in 4520, where the Quran is said to be ?just? an insight/ physical evidence (basairu) for (common) people (nas) but a hudan (guidance) and rahmatun (mercy) for those ?who have faith with certainty? (= al-muttaqeena? See 24) Verse 2434 speaks of ?ayats that make things plain? and an ?admonition/ instruction/ enlightment/ lesson? (maw?izatun) for ?al-muttaqeena.? For al-muttaqeena, the Quran is
Hudan from God (22, 312
Good news for them (1997)
Maw?izatun (clarifying revelations, instruction, enlightenment) (2434)
Dhikratun (694
Dhikr that they will be rewarded (3849)It is interesting that while describing ?al-muttaqeena? in sura 2, the Quran mentions the important and oft-discussed concept of Salat. Also later in the sura, look at 2238-239. In the context of discussing obligations upon ?al-muttaqeena? regarding divorcees and widows, right in the middle of the topic, there we have
2238 Preserve the contact-methods, and the middle contact-method, and stand devoutly for God.
2239 But if you are in a state of worry, then you may do so while walking or riding. If you become secure, then remember God as He has taught you what you did not know.Some assume that verses 50 39-40 and 5117-18 talk about salat too, since they give the times usually ascribed to the ?timed duty,? namely before the dawn and before the setting of the sun and during the night. However, while reading the context around those verses, one can hardly see any salat mentioned.
From the verses and contexts that speak of ?al-muttaqeena? and salat, as well as others, we can see that salat must be connected with fulfilling obligations and duties, one of the crucial features of a ?muttaqeen,? not with some kind of a ritual.
Al-muttaqeena are also described as muhsinina (5116, 7744) and muslimina (6835) but also opposed to al fujjari (382 and mujrimina (6835).
Generally speaking, al-muttaqeena are
Trustworthy (376)
Kind and humble (5226)
Steadfast (5032)As for their other qualities, they
Don?t bear false witness (2572)
Ignore vain talk (2572)
Fullfil their obligations (376, 5032)
Provide for divorced wives (2241)
Write a will (2180, mentioned also in 2240)
Fullfil treaties, even with mushriks (94, 97)
Strive on the path of God with money and lives (944)
Fight off alkufari when attacked (9123)
May fight back if oppressed, even in ?sacred months? (2194)
Lead a righteous life (376)
Don?t seek exaltation on earth (2883)
Don?t spread corruption (2883)
Give to charity in good and bad times (3134), e.g. for beggars and the needy (5119)
Suppress anger (3;134)
Forgive people (3134) (story of Adam?s sons 527-32)
From them God accepts offerings/ deeds (527)
Remember God (3;135)
Believe in God?s revelations (4369)
Guided by God (3957) and protected (4519)
Listen to God?s revelations and act upon them (2573)
Posses intelligence (3829)
Servants of God, absolutely devoted to Him, Iblis has no power over them (1539-42, 4369, 5033)
Pray to God to let them and their families be among muttaqeena (2574)
Implore God (522
Ask (God) for forgiveness if wrong (3135, 5032) and repent (2570-71, 5032)
Never despair of God?s mercy (3953-55)
Do not persist in sin knowingly (3135, 2573)
Observe ayats from God and learn from them (3137)
Ultimate victory is with them (7128, 2883)
Redeemed by God (2571)
Alahirati (hereafter) better for them (4335)
On the Day, will remain friends of one another, no grief, no fear (4367)
Will be gathered in a group before God (1985)
Their reward will be the Paradise encompassing the heavens and the earth (!) (3133, 3136) 1545- 49, 1630-32, 2575-77, 2690, 3849- 54, 4367-73, 4451-57, 5031-35, 5115, 52 17-28, 5454, 6834, 7741-44, 78 31-36Being a ?muttaqeen? is not restricted only for the present or the time of the revelation of the Quran. They were also among followers of previous scriptures too (3113-115) . They recited (rehearsed?) God?s ayats, obeyed, believed in God and the Last (ahiri) Day, advocated righteousness, forbade evil, did righteous deeds for which they will be rewarded. The concept of other revelations (24) returns here too, especially that we are told that also Moses and Aaron were given furqan (criterion, statute book) and dhi?an (light, beacon) and dhikran (message, reminder) for ?al-muttaqeena? (214.
I think that understanding who a ?muttaqeen? is may be crucial for a further study of the Quran and comprehending basic notions, such as salat.
Looking forward to your comments!
p.s. Is there ANY link between ?mustaqeena? (16) and ?muttaqeena?? Apart maybe from the fact that ?al-muttaqeena? are said to be already ?on? the guidance from God, just as those who are already ?on? the Straight Path in sura 1?
p.s. 2 what do you think is al-ghaib?
p.s.3 Sohail, sorry I haven't addressed your questions... inshallah, I will have more time now to do so )
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Salaamun alaikum Layla,
You have succeeded where I was afraid to tread, the huge expanse of the 'mutaqeen' subsystem ! Well done, I certainly got a clearer idea just by reading the compiled contexts !.
1/5 has 'mustaqeeM', not 'mustaqeeN', so I don't there's a link though.
As far as I can see an al-mutaqqi is one is mindful of his/her duty with a view towards preservation off self and society.
thanks and peace.
