sab'a sama_wa_t(in) Seven skies do not refer to seven layers of atmosphere.
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Learned Harun Yayha, in beautifully pictured books, has opined
The word "heavens", which appears in many verses in the Qur'an, is used to refer to the sky above the Earth, as well as the entire universe. Given this meaning of the word, it is seen that the Earth's sky, or the atmosphere, is made up of seven layers.(Layers of Atmosphere-Miracles of Quran-Harun Yahya)
The opinion of Harun Yahya doesn?t seem correct for the reason that Quran e Majeed segregates (Fusse lat) one thing from the other, and moreover it is not in consonance with the vastness of Arabic language to fall short of words to explain two different things with same word.
Layers of atmosphere are just a matter of 480 to 960 km, whereas we do not know the vastness of ever expanding skies.
After creating earth and everything on it, next step/action was about the ALREADY existing/created one sky.
Sum mas tawa_ ilas sama_i wa hiya duka_nun
Afterwards, He Comprehended in His design the sky and it was smoke (cluster of gas)
faqa_la laha_ wa lil arditiya_ tauan au karha_ qa_lata_ ataina_ ta_ i in {Ref 4111}
He said to the sky and to the earth "Come ye together willingly (attractively) or unwillingly (expelling)" Both said "We do come together like those who come near with affection "
Faqada_hun na saba sama_wa_ti fi yaumaini
And He in two Days converted the SKY into seven firmaments (layers one above the other)
wa auha_ fi kul li sama_ in amraha_
And He assigned duty/work to each layer of sky.wa zay yan nas sama_ ad dun ya_ bi masa_biha wa hifza_ {Ref 4112}
And We adorned the lower sky with COMETS and guarded it safe.Wa laqad zayan nas sama_ adun ya_ bimasa_biha wa ja'alna_ha_ ruju_mal lisyaya_tini {Ref And We have certainly adorned the sky of earth with COMETS and We have made them source of stoning Evil Ones (who come there to listen something){Ref 67.05}
masa_biha does not mean Lamps, Stars It means shining hairy one and this is more accurate description, name, tashbeah than comets given by Greek people because of its appearance to naked eye.
In na_ zay yan nas sama_ ad dun ya_ bizinatinil kawa_kib
We have indeed decked the lower sky with PLANETS (Ref 376)This was about one sky of Dunniya, our solar system. Therefore, it cannot be inferred that seven skies refer to seven layers of atmosphere.
Quran e Majeed makes a very tall claim
ma_ farratna_ fil kita_bi min syai'in
?Nothing have We omitted from the Book? (Refer 638}Let us find the mention of seven layers of atmosphere. After informing about the creation of man, his end and then raising him on the Day of Judgment, Allah informed us
Wa laqad khalaqna_ fauqakum saba tara_iq wa ma_ kun na_ anil halqi ga_filin
And before time We had created above you seven tracts; and We are never unmindful of Our Creation. {Ref 2317}Wa banaina_ fauqakum saban syida_da
And (have We not) built over you the seven firmaments_{Ref 7811}
Allah says he is not unmindful of his creation. Why were these Seven Taraiq, madeWa ja'alna_ sira_jaw wah ha_ja__{Ref 7812}
Since we had made son (siraj is shams) as Wahaja(n)
These layers of atmosphere protect us from Wahaja(n) nature of the son.
May Allah be happy with everyone here.