Hukum(judgement) in the Koran- its various meanings in Koran

[Bigmo]

(1) The Jews say "The Christians have naught (to stand) upon; and the Christians say "The Jews have naught (To stand) upon." Yet they (Profess to) study the (same) Book. Like unto their word is what those say who know not; but Allah will judge between them in their quarrel on the Day of Judgment.
( , Al-Baqara, Chapter #2, Verse #113)

(3) Mankind was one single nation, and Allah sent Messengers with glad tidings and warnings; and with them He sent the Book in truth, to judge between people in matters wherein they differed; but the People of the Book, after the clear Signs came to them, did not differ among themselves, except through selfish contumacy. Allah by His Grace Guided the believers to the Truth, concerning that wherein they differed. For Allah guided whom He will to a path that is straight.
( , Al-Baqara, Chapter #2, Verse #213)

Behold! Allah said "O Jesus! I will take thee and raise thee to Myself and clear thee (of the falsehoods) of those who blaspheme; I will make those who follow thee superior to those who reject faith, to the Day of Resurrection Then shall ye all return unto me, and I will judge between you of the matters wherein ye dispute.
( , Aal-e-Imran, Chapter #3, Verse #55)

Allah doth command you to render back your Trusts to those to whom they are due; And when ye judge between man and man, that ye judge with justice Verily how excellent is the teaching which He giveth you! For Allah is He Who heareth and seeth all things.
( , An-Nisa, Chapter #4, Verse #5

Those who devour usury will not stand except as stand one whom the Evil one by his touch Hath driven to madness. That is because they say "Trade is like usury," but Allah hath permitted trade and forbidden usury. Those who after receiving direction from their Lord, desist, shall be pardoned for the past; their case is for Allah (to judge); but those who repeat (The offence) are companions of the Fire They will abide therein (for ever).
( , Al-Baqara, Chapter #2, Verse #275)

But no, by the Lord, they can have no (real) Faith, until they make thee judge in all disputes between them, and find in their souls no resistance against Thy decisions, but accept them with the fullest conviction.
( , An-Nisa, Chapter #4, Verse #65)

And We granted them Clear Signs in affairs (of Religion) it was only after knowledge had been granted to them that they fell into schisms, through insolent envy among themselves. Verily thy Lord will judge between them on the Day of Judgment as to those matters in which they set up differences.
( , Al-Jathiya, Chapter #45, Verse #17)

Of no profit to you will be your relatives and your children on the Day of Judgment He will judge between you for Allah sees well all that ye do.
( , Al-Mumtahana, Chapter #60, Verse #3)

We have sent down to thee the Book in truth, that thou mightest judge between men, as guided by Allah. so be not (used) as an advocate by those who betray their trust;
( , An-Nisa, Chapter #4, Verse #105)

(These are) the ones who wait and watch about you if ye do gain a victory from Allah, they say "Were we not with you?"- but if the unbelievers gain a success, they say (to them) "Did we not gain an advantage over you, and did we not guard you from the believers?" but Allah will judge betwixt you on the Day of Judgment. And never will Allah grant to the unbelievers a way (to triumphs) over the believers.
( , An-Nisa, Chapter #4, Verse #141)

(They are fond of) listening to falsehood, of devouring anything forbidden. If they do come to thee, either judge between them, or decline to interfere. If thou decline, they cannot hurt thee in the least. If thou judge, judge in equity between them. For Allah loveth those who judge in equity.
( , Al-Maeda, Chapter #5, Verse #42)

And this (He commands) judge thou between them by what Allah hath revealed, and follow not their vain desires, but beware of them lest they beguile thee from any of that (teaching) which Allah hath sent down to thee. And if they turn away, be assured that for some of their crime it is Allah.s purpose to punish them. And truly most men are rebellious.
( , Al-Maeda, Chapter #5, Verse #49)

Say "For me, I (work) on a clear sign from my Lord, but ye reject Him. What ye would see hastened, is not in my power. The command rests with none but Allah. He declares the truth, and He is the best of judges."
( , Al-Anaam, Chapter #6, Verse #57)

Say "Shall I seek for judge other than Allah. - when He it is Who hath sent unto you the Book, explained in detail." They know full well, to whom We have given the Book, that it hath been sent down from thy Lord in truth. Never be then of those who doubt.
( , Al-Anaam, Chapter #6, Verse #114)

Say "Of your 'partners' is there any that can give any guidance towards truth?" Say "It is Allah Who gives guidance towards truth, is then He Who gives guidance to truth more worthy to be followed, or he who finds not guidance (himself) unless he is guided? what then is the matter with you? How judge ye?"
( , Yunus, Chapter #10, Verse #35)

To every people (was sent) an apostle when their apostle comes (before them), the matter will be judged between them with justice, and they will not be wronged.
( , Yunus, Chapter #10, Verse #47)

We settled the Children of Israel in a beautiful dwelling-place, and provided for them sustenance of the best it was after knowledge had been granted to them, that they fell into schisms. Verily Allah will judge between them as to the schisms amongst them, on the Day of Judgment.
( , Yunus, Chapter #10, Verse #93)

Say "O my Lord! judge Thou in truth!" "Our Lord Most Gracious is the One Whose assistance should be sought against the blasphemies ye utter!"
( , Al-Anbiya, Chapter #21, Verse #112)

Those who believe (in the Qur'an), those who follow the Jewish (scriptures), and the Sabians, Christians, Magians, and Polytheists,- Allah will judge between them on the Day of Judgment for Allah is witness of all things.
( , Al-Hajj, Chapter #22, Verse #17)

"(Allah) will judge between you on the Day of Judgment concerning the matters in which ye differ."
( , Al-Hajj, Chapter #22, Verse #69)

When they are summoned to Allah and His apostle, in order that He may judge between them, behold some of them decline (to come).
( , An-Noor, Chapter #24, Verse #4

"judge Thou, then, between me and them openly, and deliver me and those of the Believers who are with me."
( , Ash-Shuara, Chapter #26, Verse #11

Verily thy Lord will judge between them on the Day of Judgment, in the matters wherein they differ (among themselves)
( , As-Sajda, Chapter #32, Verse #25)

O David! We did indeed make thee a vicegerent on earth so judge thou between men in truth (and justice) Nor follow thou the lusts (of thy heart), for they will mislead thee from the Path of Allah. for those who wander astray from the Path of Allah, is a Penalty Grievous, for that they forget the Day of Account.
( , Sad, Chapter #38, Verse #26)

Is it not to Allah that sincere devotion is due? But those who take for protectors other than Allah (say) "We only serve them in order that they may bring us nearer to Allah." Truly Allah will judge between them in that wherein they differ. But Allah guides not such as are false and ungrateful.
( , Az-Zumar, Chapter #39, Verse #3)

And Allah will judge with (justice and) Truth but those whom (men) invoke besides Him, will not (be in a position) to judge at all. Verily it is Allah (alone) Who hears and sees (all things).
( , Ghafir, Chapter #40, Verse #20)

Those who had been arrogant will say "We are all in this (Fire)! Truly, Allah has judged between (his) Servants!"
( , Ghafir, Chapter #40, Verse #4

Now then, for that (reason), call (them to the Faith), and stand steadfast as thou art commanded, nor follow thou their vain desires; but say "I believe in the Book which Allah has sent down; and I am commanded to judge justly between you. Allah is our Lord and your Lord for us (is the responsibility for) our deeds, and for you for your deeds. There is no contention between us and you. Allah will bring us together, and to Him is (our) Final Goal.
( , Ash-Shura, Chapter #42, Verse #15)

It was We who revealed the law (to Moses) therein was guidance and light. By its standard have been judged the Jews, by the prophets who bowed (as in Islam) to Allah.s will, by the rabbis and the doctors of law for to them was entrusted the protection of Allah.s book, and they were witnesses thereto therefore fear not men, but fear me, and sell not my signs for a miserable price. If any do fail to judge by (the light of) what Allah hath revealed, they are (no better than) Unbelievers.
( , Al-Maeda, Chapter #5, Verse #44)

We ordained therein for them "Life for life, eye for eye, nose or nose, ear for ear, tooth for tooth, and wounds equal for equal." But if any one remits the retaliation by way of charity, it is an act of atonement for himself. And if any fail to judge by (the light of) what Allah hath revealed, they are (No better than) wrong-doers.
( , Al-Maeda, Chapter #5, Verse #45)

Let the people of the Gospel judge by what Allah hath revealed therein. If any do fail to judge by (the light of) what Allah hath revealed, they are (no better than) those who rebel.
( , Al-Maeda, Chapter #5, Verse #47)

To thee We sent the Scripture in truth, confirming the scripture that came before it, and guarding it in safety so judge between them by what Allah hath revealed, and follow not their vain desires, diverging from the Truth that hath come to thee. To each among you have we prescribed a law and an open way. If Allah had so willed, He would have made you a single people, but (His plan is) to test you in what He hath given you so strive as in a race in all virtues. The goal of you all is to Allah. it is He that will show you the truth of the matters in which ye dispute;
( , Al-Maeda, Chapter #5, Verse #4

[drfazl]

Bigmo

Hukum is standing by the righteousness in all walks of life;
And seeking righteousness all the time.
Based on this take the meaning in every possible manner;
And never restrict hukum to a few dictionary meanings.

Peace.

[Bigmo]

Bigmo

Hukum is standing by the righteousness in all walks of life;
And seeking righteousness all the time.
Based on this take the meaning in every possible manner;
And never restrict hukum to a few dictionary meanings.

Peace.

Hukm is relevant whenever there is a difference between parties. The Koran says it came to clarify some of these differences especially regarding religious and ethical issues. It says God will settle these disputes between people however when it comes to earthly issues the Koran gave the prophet a choice

(They are fond of) listening to falsehood, of devouring anything forbidden. If they do come to thee, either judge between them, or decline to interfere. If thou decline, they cannot hurt thee in the least. If thou judge, judge in equity between them. For Allah loveth those who judge in equity.
( , Al-Maeda, Chapter #5, Verse #42)

But the Koran never gave the prophet a choice when it came to preaching the Koran and warning against disobedience since this was his job.

1682 But if they turn away from you, your only duty is a clear delivery of the Message .

8821 22; And so, exhort them your task is only to exhort; you cannot compel them to believe.

6725 26 And they ask, "When shall the promise be fulfilled if you speak the Truth?" Say, "The knowledge of it is verily with God alone, and verily I am but a plain warner."

6412 Obey God then and obey the Messenger, but if you turn away (no blame shall attach to our Messenger), for the duty of Our Messenger is just to deliver the message.

24.54. Say "Obey God, and obey the Messenger. but if ye turn away, he is only responsible for the duty placed on him and ye for that placed on you. If ye obey him, ye shall be on right guidance. The Messenger's duty is only to preach the clear (Message).

Notice how obedience in verse 64-12 and 24-54 is placed with preaching the message exactly as the job of the Gospel I will quote later. The Sunni jurist took this as a way to create a theocracy but they never finish the verse when the invoke this verse. Obedience to the prophet is obedience to his message and preaching.

It also proclaimed the Koran and the previous scriptures as a sufficient judger of issues

(3) Mankind was one single nation, and Allah sent Messengers with glad tidings and warnings; and with them He sent the Book in truth, to judge between people in matters wherein they differed; but the People of the Book, after the clear Signs came to them, did not differ among themselves, except through selfish contumacy. Allah by His Grace Guided the believers to the Truth, concerning that wherein they differed. For Allah guided whom He will to a path that is straight.
( , Al-Baqara, Chapter #2, Verse #213)

This includes the Gospel as referd to earlier

Let the people of the Gospel judge by what Allah hath revealed therein. If any do fail to judge by (the light of) what Allah hath revealed, they are (no better than) those who rebel.
( , Al-Maeda, Chapter #5, Verse #47)

Those Sunnis who say that Islam is different from Christianity because Islam has "a political, economical and social legal framework unavable to the Christians" better read this verse again. The Koran never seperated the scriptures but saw them as equal precisely because all matter that God will judge upon men in the final hour are covered. This expalins why alternative sources(Talmud and Hadith) were needed by the Jews and Muslims to create a theocracy since the scriptures do not lay one. The Koran like the Torah took earthly issues as they came along. It also explains why Sunni jursits needed abrogation to limit these varieties and create specific laws for specific situations so as to create a state inspired legal framework. But it always said the criteria should be always the same regardless of issues confronted

Allah doth command you to render back your Trusts to those to whom they are due; And when ye judge between man and man, that ye judge with justice Verily how excellent is the teaching which He giveth you! For Allah is He Who heareth and seeth all things.
( , An-Nisa, Chapter #4, Verse #5

While the Koran gave the authority to preach to the prophet himself, it gave hukm to anyone entrusted to settle disputes. Notice how in verse 4-58 hukm here is given to anyone but the authority to preach is to the prophet only since that is his job and that is his only job. Like Yunis, Muhammad has no choice in this matter.

[Bigmo]

Another attempt by Sunnis is to create a way to seperate between the scriptures and thus create a society where Jews have their own laws and Christians have their own laws etc. This of course makes it easy for them. For this to succeed two things are needed, abrogation of the previous scriptures and apostasy laws to prevent people from flipping from one side to another making it easier for them. Then a Jews can flip to Islam whenever its convenient for him and then flip back when the need is not there. To create a theocracy they need to make religion as an identity that can be established from birth. So Muslims go to Islamic courts and Jews to Judaic courts and so on. When there is dispute, the Islamic court takes dominion. This system continues to this day and is one of the reason why recent fatwas in Egypt forbids a Christian wife from inheriting her Muslim husband. The verses they quote are

41. O Messenger. let not those grieve thee, who race each other into unbelief (whether it be) among those who say "We believe" with their lips but whose hearts have no faith; or it be among the Jews,- men who will listen to any lie,- will listen even to others who have never so much as come to thee. They change the words from their (right) times and places they say, "If ye are given this, take it, but if not, beware!" If any one's trial is intended by Allah, thou hast no authority in the least for him against Allah. For such - it is not Allah.s will to purify their hearts. For them there is disgrace in this world, and in the Hereafter a heavy punishment.

5.42. (They are fond of) listening to falsehood, of devouring anything forbidden. If they do come to thee, either judge between them, or decline to interfere. If thou decline, they cannot hurt thee in the least. If thou judge, judge in equity between them. For Allah loveth those who judge in equity.

43.But why do they come to thee for decision, when they have (their own) law before them?- therein is the (plain) command of Allah. yet even after that, they would turn away. For they are not (really) People of Faith.

44. It was We who revealed the law (to Moses) therein was guidance and light. By its standard have been judged the Jews, by the prophets who bowed (as in Islam) to Allah.s will, by the rabbis and the doctors of law for to them was entrusted the protection of Allah.s book, and they were witnesses thereto therefore fear not men, but fear me, and sell not my signs for a miserable price. If any do fail to judge by (the light of) what Allah hath revealed, they are (no better than) Unbelievers.

45. We ordained therein for them "Life for life, eye for eye, nose or nose, ear for ear, tooth for tooth, and wounds equal for equal." But if any one remits the retaliation by way of charity, it is an act of atonement for himself. And if any fail to judge by (the light of) what Allah hath revealed, they are (No better than) wrong-doers.

46. And in their footsteps We sent Jesus the son of Mary, confirming the Law that had come before him We sent him the Gospel therein was guidance and light, and confirmation of the Law that had come before him a guidance and an admonition to those who fear Allah.

47. Let the people of the Gospel judge by what Allah hath revealed therein. If any do fail to judge by (the light of) what Allah hath revealed, they are (no better than) those who rebel.

48. To thee We sent the Scripture in truth, confirming the scripture that came before it, and guarding it in safety so judge between them by what Allah hath revealed, and follow not their vain desires, diverging from the Truth that hath come to thee. To each among you have we prescribed a law and an open way. If Allah had so willed, He would have made you a single people, but (His plan is) to test you in what He hath given you so strive as in a race in all virtues. The goal of you all is to Allah. it is He that will show you the truth of the matters in which ye dispute;

49. And this (He commands)Judge thou between them by what Allah hath revealed, and follow not their vain desires, but beware of them lest they beguile thee from any of that (teaching) which Allah hath sent down to thee. And if they turn away, be assured that for some of their crime it is Allah.s purpose to punish them. And truly most men are rebellious.

50. Do they then seek after a judgment of (the days of) ignorance? But who, for a people whose faith is assured, can give better judgment than Allah.

Here they say Jews rule under Jewish law and Christians rule under Christian law and.....wait a minute what Christian laws are they talking about? They are none according to them. This is why the apostasy hadith used a Jew and not a Christian. It all begins to take shape. The reality the Koran says we should follow these scriptures since each confirms the other while they say each to his own. The hadith they bring up is this

Hadith - Sahih Bukhari 6.79, Narrated by Abdullah ibn Umar

The Jews brought to the Prophet a man and a woman from among them who had committed illegal sexual intercourse. The Prophet said to them, "How do you usually punish the one amongst you who has committed illegal sexual intercourse?" They replied, "We blacken their faces with coal and beat them." He said, "Don't you find the order of Ar-Rajm (i.e. stoning to death) in the Torah?" They replied, "We do not find anything in it." 'Abdullah bin Salam (after hearing this conversation) said to them, "You have told a lie! Bring here the Torah and recite it if you are truthful." (So the Jews brought the Torah). And the religious teacher who was teaching it to them, put his hand over the Verse of Ar-Rajm and started reading what was written above and below the place hidden with his hand, but he did not read the Verse of Ar-Rajm. 'Abdullah bin Salam removed his (i.e. the teacher's) hand from the Verse of Ar-Rajm and said, "What is this?" So when the Jews saw that Verse, they said, "This is the Verse of Ar-Rajm." So the Prophet ordered the two adulterers to be stoned to death, and they were stoned to death near the place where biers used to be placed near the Mosque. I saw her companion (i.e. the adulterer) bowing over her so as to protect her from the stones.

Obviously they couldn't say the same with a Christian since Jesus never had a community he had a political dominion over and there was no need for him to settle dispute. This way they can solve the theocracy problem of what to do with non Muslims. And then to solve the problem of someone flipping they brought the hadith of apostasy. This makes it easy for them to categorize people and keep them in that categorization. This explains the fatwa issued against the two writers in Saudi arabia who said Jews and Christians are not necessarily infidels. The Sheikh said "this means that a person can change from a Muslim to a Christian", another words he can flip thus making their theocracy untenable. Thats the reason why they insist that jews and Christians are infidels because they fear people will flip from one identity to another making ruling according to religious law impossible. Thus to need to threaten Muslims with execution if they flip. The Koran however never seperated between the scriptures and thus they needed to nullify the authority of the previous scriptures with the lie that the previous scriptures are corrupted.

So how would you create a seperate Islamic identity for people? You create rituals that identify them from others like the Jews did. You then bring about an oral tradition that defines their life and society just like the Jews did. You then create a state legal framework that seperates these identities. But if these were religious laws why do they change and why do they get abrogated? To solve this they invoked the prophetic authority. Its not that God's laws change but that each prophets come with a new "Islam". So if the Koran gives different rulings regarding an issue they solve that by abrogation. Not only that each prophet abrogates another but the prophet themselves abrogate their earlier "law" due to circumstances like Mecca and Medina etc. But this abrogation must only take place during their lifetime and nobody elses. And if the scriptures give variant rulings regarding an issue they solve that once again by abrogation. Like a balance sheet statement in accounting they want a point of time. That point in time is the day before the prophet passed away.

Abrogation and apostasy is the foundation and the oral traditions are the ammunition. This is why they need a prophetic sunnah because it can be abrogated every time a prophet comes with a new sira(biography and tradition) but God's sunnah as the Koran says does not change or get substituted. The reality the real difference is that HUMAN laws change while God's law does not. And God does not squeeze laws between prophet's biograpies. To say that God will change "laws" in Mecca and Medina to fit the prophet's circumstances is placing God under the prophet and not vice versa. This is why the Koran gives variances because human circumstances change. So if you ask them well if things change during the prophet's time then why can't it cahnge after that they will say because only a new prophet can bring a new law. This explains their fear of denying the finality of prophethood of Muhammad because they fear that a new religious figure can change their theocracy. By creating rituals they can say without hadiths then we can not practice these rituals when they really mean without hadiths there is no shariah and without shariah there are no clerics. The rituals are then used to justify another scripture they deduce legal judgement from. This explains why Bukhari's chapters are very different from the chapter headings of the Koran.

Those people who call themselves Koranist but refuse to accept the authority of the previous scriptures are the Sunni/Shia clerics best friends. Without abrogation the clerics are out of business.