Inheritance according to Qur?an

Mazhar

1 daughter, 1 son, father
1 ? 1/6 father (fixed) = 5/6 children 21 ratio (10/18 son + 5/18 daughter)

Noon, please do consider this

1 daughter, 1 son will get 2/3, their share cannot be reduced or left to be settled by remainder.

It is not meaningless that the like of share of two daugthers be apportioned for a male. The division is based beginning with daughters not a son or sons. Two third will be share of progenies. Rest is to be divided to the secondary relatives after progenies which is either solely daughters or includes a daughter. This cannot be compromised otherwise everything else would be against Qur'aan and priorities settled by Allah the Exalted.

Please note that when Progeny comprises only of daughters, they are prioritized about the share in the inheritance and other relatives are at secondary place to receive what is left over.
But in the case of single son, it is not the son who is prioritized but other near-ones. The son will get the left over.

When there is solitary son, it is he who is to be given the remainder after the share of others. Please make calculations in that way also. Perhaps you made it 7/12 and 5/12. When they have to receive the remainder left afther 2/3 going to progenies, their percentages will proportionately be reduced.
Please note that equivalence between two females and male need NOT be decimal correct. "Mislo" does not mean hundred percent alike, it also shows that things are to taken in a very broader sense. Therefore, we need not act like Diophantus, Hero of Alexandria, or al-Khw?rizm? to understand the injunctions given in the Qur'aan about division and distribution of inheritance.

Noon_waalqalami

Noon, please do consider this

1 daughter, 1 son will get 2/3, their share cannot be reduced or left to be settled by remainder.

Mazhar,

Please distribute according to Qur'an and which part of verse 411 is being used?

1 daughter 1 son = ?
3 daughters 1 son = ?

parents 1/3 fixed (1/6 each 411)
husband 1/4 fixed 412

Total = 7/12 (parents + husband) + remainder 5/12 = 1

Mazhar

parents 1/3 fixed (1/6 each 411)
husband 1/4 fixed 412

Total = 7/12 (parents + husband) + remainder 5/12 = 1

Yes this is the case when the deceased has only one son. Here the son is not prioritized but parents. Similarly in 412 the share for husband/wife is prioritized when there is only one son.

Man died 1/6 + 1/6 +1/8=11/24-1=13/24 for son
Woman died 1/6+1/6+1/4=7/12-1=5/12 for son.

Since equation of gender is share of two daughters shall be given to one son, whenever there is a daughter the distribution will be started with daughter not parents. Since the share of two or more daughters is two third, this will not be disturbed and shall be the first to be set aside for the entire progeny which may comprise daugther son, daughters son, daughter sons. Initially it is told that the injunction is for the progenies not parents or husband/wife. They are secondary beneficiaries.
All situations are conditional with apodosis clauses.

Noon_waalqalami

Yes this is the case when the deceased has only one son. Here the son is not prioritized but parents. Similarly in 412 the share for husband/wife is prioritized when there is only one son.

Man died 1/6 + 1/6 +1/8=11/24-1=13/24 for son
Woman died 1/6+1/6+1/4=7/12-1=5/12 for son.

This leaves nothing for daughters and we know they inherit?

Now try example 3 daughters, 2 sons, parents, husband?

whenever there is a daughter the distribution will be started with daughter not parents.

Obviously without son/s only daughter/s 1 - daughter/s = parent/s and/or spouse (variable)

It can never be fixed amounts on all entities which lead to contradiction -- shortfall/surplus.

This whole priority business one has to start first with the known then allocated remainder to unknown.

1 son, mother 1 - 1/6 mother (fixed/known) = 5/6 son (variable/unknown)
1 son, husband 1 - 1/4 husband (fixed/known) = 3/4 son (variable/unknown)
1 son, 1 daughter, mother, father, husband 1 - 1/6 m - 1/6 f - 1/4 h = 5/12 children (variable/unknown) 21 ratio male to female

1 daughter, mother 1 - 1/2 daughter (fixed/known) = 1/2 mother (variable/unknown)
1 daughter, wife 1 - 1/2 daughter (fixed/known) = 1/2 wife (variable/unknown)

Mazhar

Yes this is the case when the deceased has only one son. Here the son is not prioritized but parents. Similarly in 412 the share for husband/wife is prioritized when there is only one son.

Man died 1/6 + 1/6 +1/8=11/24-1=13/24 for son
Woman died 1/6+1/6+1/4=7/12-1=5/12 for son.

This leaves nothing for daughters and we know they inherit?

Yes, because there is no daugter in this situation. The inheritance divisions is described by ground realities not hypothetical propositions.

Noon_waalqalami

Yes, because there is no daugter in this situation. The inheritance divisions is described by ground realities not hypothetical propositions.

OK rewind, I want to understand; please distribute

3 daughters, 1 son, parents, husband?
3 daughters, 2 sons, parents, husband?

Mazhar

OK rewind, I want to understand; please distribute

3 daughters, 1 son, parents, husband?
3 daughters, 2 sons, parents, husband?

Perhaps now I have been able to convey what I think.

3 dauthers + 1 son=2/3 leaving behind 1/3 for other survivors father, mother, husband/wife as thecase maybe. Two third has five shares since one son will get like share of two daughters. Simplest form of distribution.

3 D + 2 sons =same 2/3 ....................of 2/3 are seven shares 3 + 2 + 2=7 shares.

The remaining is for living parents and husband/wife. It can be sub divided by restricting to percentages set in case of solitary son. Pl use your mathematical knowledge to get those.

Noon_waalqalami

Perhaps now I have been able to convey what I think.

3 dauthers + 1 son=2/3 leaving behind 1/3 for other survivors father, mother, husband/wife as thecase maybe. Two third has five shares since one son will get like share of two daughters. Simplest form of distribution.

3 D + 2 sons =same 2/3 ....................of 2/3 are seven shares 3 + 2 + 2=7 shares.

The remaining is for living parents and husband/wife. It can be sub divided by restricting to percentages set in case of solitary son. Pl use your mathematical knowledge to get those.

Mazhar -- Qur'an specifically states 1/6 each parent (1/3) and 1/4 to husband?

411 ... and for their parents to each one from them the sixth
412... so if kna is for them walad/son so for you the fourth

Should be thus

3 daughters, 1 son, parents, husband
1 - 1/6 mother - 1/6 father - 1/4 husband = 5/12 children 21 ratio male to female

3 daughters, 2 sons, parents, husband
1 - 1/6 mother - 1/6 father - 1/4 husband = 5/12 children 21 ratio male to female

Mazhar

Mazhar -- Qur'an specifically states 1/6 each parent (1/3) and 1/4 to husband?

Yes, but only in case the prescribed condition is met or exists. It becomes null and void if condition does not exist. It is simple law that any thing subject to a certain thing will take effect only when firstly condition is met.

In case-subject to the condition--if the deceased has solitary son in his progeny----

Noon_waalqalami

Yes, but only in case the prescribed condition is met or exists. It becomes null and void if condition does not exist. It is simple law that any thing subject to a certain thing will take effect only when firstly condition is met.

In case-subject to the condition--if the deceased has solitary son in his progeny----

Yes the condition is "IF son" which is true regardless 1 son or 10 sons! Not about solitary.

Ask anyone who has 1 son or 10 sons simple question -- do you have male child Yes or No?

If you give all mixed children 2/3 -- how to distribute the 1/3 to parents and husband?

Likewise with solitary son condition try to distribute

10 sons, husband?
10 sons, parents?
10 sons, parents, husband?

With that logic all above are undefined; so what to do -- distribute evenly?

Mazhar

Yes the condition is "IF son" which is true regardless 1 son or 10 sons! Not about solitary.

In Arabic no such thing exists that one son can be considered as ten sons also. Wherever there is more than one it is specified. Once the equation is given two daughters or more, and two daughter share is to be given to a son, that takes care of entire progency and need not be repeated for two sone or more sons.

In case of one daughter the rule is specifically given, she gets half. Similarly rule in case of solitary son is given who gets remainder which is also slightly above the half of inheritance. One can calculate the proportion of other relatives from 1/3 left by the progenies by applying the formula given for one son instead of making them equal. If 5/12 goes to solitary son the others get 7/12. In case of a single daughter getting 6/12 you can calculate what will be proportioned reduction in individual shares which was once 7/12 collectively, if it is not be equally distributed amongst them.

Noon_waalqalami

In Arabic no such thing exists that one son can be considered as ten sons also. Wherever there is more than one it is specified.

It's basic logic in any language...
IF is to person male child, YES or NO?
IF is to person child/born, YES or NO?

Once the equation is given two daughters or more, and two daughter share is to be given to a son, that takes care of entire progency and need not be repeated for two sone or more sons.

In case of one daughter the rule is specifically given, she gets half. Similarly rule in case of solitary son is given who gets remainder which is also slightly above the half of inheritance. One can calculate the proportion of other relatives from 1/3 left by the progenies by applying the formula given for one son instead of making them equal. If 5/12 goes to solitary son the others get 7/12. In case of a single daughter getting 6/12 you can calculate what will be proportioned reduction in individual shares which was once 7/12 collectively, if it is not be equally distributed amongst them.

What do you mean "one can calculate the proportion of other relatives from 1/3 left"?

It is clearly stated parents get 1/3 (1/6 each), husband gets 1/4 -- where you get 1/3?

Perhaps think, work all combinations instead of adding things which don't make sense!

son/s, daughter/s distribute 21 ratio male to female

mother/father, son/s 1/6 5/6
mother/father, 1 daughter 1/2 1/2 no son, mother/father variable
mother/father, 2 daughters 1/3 2/3 (2 daughters variable) all share equally
mother/father, 3 daughters 1/3 2/3

mother, father 1/3 2/3
mother, brother/s 1/6 5/6

mother/father, husband 1/2 1/2
mother/father, wife 3/4 1/4

father, sibling/s 1 0 not kalala has father
husband/wife, sibling/s 1 0 not kalala has spouse

husband/wife, 1 daughter 1/2 1/2 not childless; no son; husband/wife variable
husband/wife, 2 daughters 1/3 2/3
husband/wife, 3 daughters 1/3 2/3

husband, son/s 1/4 3/4

mother, father, husband 1/4 1/4 1/2
mother, father, wife 3/8 3/8 1/4

mother, father, 1 daughter 1/4 1/4 1/2
mother, father, 2 daughters 1/4 1/4 1/2
mother, father, 3 daughters 1/6 1/6 2/3

mother, father, son/s 1/6 1/6 2/3

mother, husband/wife, 1 daughters 1/4 1/4 1/2
mother, husband/wife, 2 daughters 1/4 1/4 1/2
mother, husband/wife, 3 daughters 1/6 1/6 2/3

mother, husband, son/s 1/6 1/4 7/12
mother, wife, son/s 1/6 1/8 17/24

father, husband/wife, 1 daughter 1/4 1/4 1/2
father, husband/wife, 2 daughters 1/4 1/4 1/2
father, husband/wife, 3 daughters 1/6 1/6 2/3

father, husband, son/s 1/6 1/4 7/12
father, wife, son/s 1/6 1/8 17/24

father, daughter/s, son/s 1/6 5/6 children 21 ratio
husband, daughter/s, son/s 1/4 3/4 children 21 ratio

mother, father, husband/wife, 1 daughter 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/2
mother, father, husband/wife, 2 daughters 1/5 1/5 1/5 2/5
mother, father, husband/wife, 3 daughters 1/9 1/9 1/9 2/3

mother, father, husband, son/s 1/6 1/6 1/4 5/12
mother, father, wife, son/s 1/6 1/6 1/8 13/24

mother, husband, daughter/s, son/s 1/6 1/4 7/12 children 21 ratio
mother, wife, daughter/s, son/s 1/6 1/8 17/24 children 21 ratio

father, husband, daughter/s, son/s 1/6 1/4 7/12 children 21 ratio
father, wife, daughter/s, son/s 1/6 1/8 17/24 children 21 ratio

mother, father, husband, daughter/s, son/s 1/6 1/6 1/4 5/12 children 21 ratio
mother, father, wife, daughter/s, son/s 1/6 1/6 1/8 13/24 children 21 ratio

mother, father, daughter/s, son/s 1/6 1/6 2/3 children 21 ratio

411 kalala fatherless spouseless no son (sibling/s variable)
mother, 1 daughter, sister/s 1/4 1/2 1/4
mother, 1 daughter, brother/s 1/6 1/2 1/3
mother, 1 daughter, sister/s, brother/s 1/6 1/2 1/3 siblings share equally

mother, 2 daughters, sister/s 1/4 1/2, 1/4 each 1/4 1/4
mother, 2 daughters, brother/s 1/6 5/6 daughters siblings share equally
mother, 2 daughters, sister/s, brother/s 1/6 5/6 daughters siblings share equally

mother, 3 daughters, sister/s 1/6 2/3 1/6
mother, 3 daughters, brother/s 1/6 2/3 1/6
mother, 3 daughters, sister/s, brother/s 1/6 2/3 1/3 siblings share equally

1 daughter, sister/s 1/2 1/2
1 daughter, brother/s 1/2 1/2
1 daughter, sister/s, brother/s 1/2 1/2 siblings share equally

2 daughters, sister/s daughters siblings share equally
2 daughters, brother/s daughters siblings share equally
2 daughters, sister/s, brother/s daughters siblings share equally

3 daughters, sister/s 2/3, 2/9 each 1/3
3 daughters, brother/s 2/3, 2/9 each 1/3
3 daughters, sister/s, brother/s 2/3 1/3 siblings share equally

412 kalala fatherless spouseless has son (sibling/s fixed 1/6 or 1/3)
son/s, sister 5/6 1/6
son/s, brother 5/6 1/6
son/s, sisters 5/6 1/3
son/s, brothers5/6 1/3
son/s, sister/s, brother/s 2/3 1/3 siblings share equally

daughter/s, son/s, sister 5/6 children 21 ratio 1/6
daughter/s, son/s, brother 5/6 children 21 ratio 1/6
daughter/s, son/s, sisters 2/3 children 21 ratio 1/3
daughter/s, son/s, brothers2/3 children 21 ratio 1/3
daughter/s, son/s, sister/s, brother/s 2/3 children 21 ratio 1/3 siblings share equally

mother, son/s, sister 1/6 2/3 1/6
mother, son/s, brother 1/6 2/3 1/6
mother, son/s, sisters 1/6 1/2 1/3
mother, son/s, brothers1/6 1/2 1/3
mother, son/s, sister/s, brother/s 1/6 1/2 1/3 siblings share equally

mother, daughter/s, son/s, sister 1/6 2/3 children 21 ratio 1/6
mother, daughter/s, son/s, brother 1/6 2/3 children 21 ratio 1/6
mother, daughter/s, son/s, sisters 1/6 1/2 children 21 ratio 1/3
mother, daughter/s, son/s, brothers1/6 1/2 children 21 ratio 1/3
mother, daughter/s, son/s, sister/s, brother/s 1/6 1/2 children 21 ratio 1/3 siblings share equally

4176 kalala fatherless spouseless no child/born
sister/s, brother/s 21 ratio male to female

mother, sister/s, brother/s 1/6 5/6 siblings 21 ratio

mother, 1 sister 1/2 1/2
mother, 2 sisters 1/3 2/3
mother, 3 sisters 1/4 3/4 unstated/variable distribute equally

Mazhar

It's basic logic in any language...
IF is male child, YES or NO?
IF is child/born, YES or NO?

I corrected myself because of you when you drew attention to masculine verb Kana that waladun meands a son not a child.

Waladun is masculine, its broken plural is grammatically feminine.

Mazhar

It is clearly stated parents get 1/3 (1/6 each), husband gets 1/4 -- where you get 1/3?

Yes only when the deceased had a son. Not otherwise. The situation is altogether different when he left dauther or daughters.

Noon_waalqalami

Yes only when the deceased had a son. Not otherwise. The situation is altogether different when he left dauther or daughters.

Mazhar -- the cases were below; once again please distribute according to Qur'an?

3 daughters, 1 son, parents, husband
1 - 1/6 mother - 1/6 father - 1/4 husband = 5/12 children 21 ratio male to female

3 daughters, 2 sons, parents, husband
1 - 1/6 mother - 1/6 father - 1/4 husband = 5/12 children 21 ratio male to female

3 daughters, 1 son
1 = children 21 ratio male to female

3 daughters, 2 sons
1 = children 21 ratio male to female

Mazhar

Mazhar -- the cases were below; once again please distribute according to Qur'an?

3 daughters, 1 son, parents, husband
1 - 1/6 mother - 1/6 father - 1/4 husband = 5/12 children 21 ratio male to female

Mother and father you have prioritized. It means that the inheritance instructions are with regard to parent.

But in Qur'aan the discourse starts

means all daugthers, means all sons, means combination of daugthers and sons. Subject of discourse is progenies not father and mother. They are residue beneficaries in case of progenies-dual or plural. But are prioritized in case of a son or in the absence of a son.

Noon_waalqalami

Mother and father you have prioritized. It means that the inheritance instructions are with regard to parent.

But in Qur'aan the discourse starts

means all daugthers, means all sons, means combination of daugthers and sons. Subject of discourse is progenies not father and mother. They are residue beneficaries in case of progenies-dual or plural. But are prioritized in case of a son or in the absence of a son.

Will you please distribute according to Qur'an and cite which part of which verse?

3 daughters, 1 son, parents, husband

3 daughters, 2 sons, parents, husband

3 daughters, 1 son

3 daughters, 2 sons

Mazhar

Will you please distribute according to Qur'an and cite which part of which verse?

3 daughters, 1 son, parents, husband

3 daughters, 2 sons, parents, husband

3 daughters, 1 son

3 daughters, 2 sons

3 daughters, 1 son-2/3 in 411 even if son was not there three daughters will get 2/3 and he gets share equal to two sisters. Parents, husband get the residue.

3 daughters, 2 son= 2/3 of inheritance. Residue for remaining living mentioned as who could be heirs.

Any number of daughters 2,3,4 and any no of son 1,2,3,4----=2/3 as per 411

Noon_waalqalami

3 daughters, 1 son-2/3 in 411 even if son was not there three daughters will get 2/3 and he gets share equal to two sisters. Parents, husband get the residue.

3 daughters, 2 son= 2/3 of inheritance. Residue for remaining living mentioned as who could be heirs.

Then go ahead and distribute the 1/3 residue to parents and husband?

Any number of daughters 2,3,4 and any no of son 1,2,3,4----=2/3 as per 411

The remaining 1/3 goes to whom exactly?

I also see you are translating 411 above/over two = 2 ?

Now use priority and distribute 1 sister, mother?

Mazhar

Then go ahead and distribute the 1/3 residue to parents and husband?

The remaining 1/3 goes to whom exactly?

I also see you are translating 411 above/over two = 2 ?

Now use priority and distribute 1 sister, mother?

This is also your quote

This whole priority business one has to start first with the known then allocated remainder to unknown.

1 son, mother 1 - 1/6 mother (fixed/known) = 5/6 son (variable/unknown)
1 son, husband 1 - 1/4 husband (fixed/known) = 3/4 son (variable/unknown)
1 son, 1 daughter, mother, father, husband 1 - 1/6 m - 1/6 f - 1/4 h = 5/12 children (variable/unknown) 21 ratio male to female

1 daughter, mother 1 - 1/2 daughter (fixed/known) = 1/2 mother (variable/unknown)
1 daughter, wife 1 - 1/2 daughter (fixed/known) = 1/2 wife (variable/unknown)

The only difference what I am saying is that the moment there is daughter in the progenies we will revert back to the first command. Share of progenies will always be 2/3rd notwithstanding how many or how few are the remaining living ones.