Discussion on 4:3 and meaning of nisa
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There was a mistake in the following message that I put, I rewrite it corrected underneath
I will start with morphology
nisaa' if from root n-s-' would be a singular or a plural?
If singular, it would have the same form as kitaab,
If plural, it would have the same form as rijaal, plural of rajul.
So, can anybody say which is it? Is it a singular or a plural? If it does come from n-s-', which is it, a singular or a plural?
If a singular, what is the logical explanation? If a plural, where is the singular? And I do not mean this in the sense of women, I mean it in any sense, any word which might be the singular from which to form the broken plural.
We have a singular for rijaal, which is rajul,
where is then or what is then the nasu' word for the root n-s-' which would be the equivalent of rajul as a singular.
rajul ----------- rijaal
nasu' (?)------ nisaa'
???
Salaam
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Salaam,
Mazhar, I'm afraid that's the last straw. I've wasted enough time with you Sir. Let me know if/when you decide to discuss Damon's Grammatical Explanation of 4/3 and His Grammar Sources! Salaam to you. peace
To Huruf, Released, Dawngorgeous and Inquisitivetrini, My Sincerest Apologies. I have allowed myself to get distracted and the last 5 or so pages of this thread were not very productive. I'm not going to blame others, I will blame myself for taking the bate over the last couple of pages. I have decided that I have to concentrate on the actual purpose of this thread and get back on topic. No more bickering since it has taken a lot of life out of this thread.
I would like to begin with the concern that Dawngorgeous had brought up earlier.
DAWNGORGEOUS,
I would like to briefly touch up on This Post that you made in that other thread which you brought to my attention
Is there another understanding for marry? Perhaps we are thinking too literally? No one has explained to me exactly how it would be fair to the orphans to marry their mothers? For example, just supposing a friend of mine male has two separate sets of orphans to look after. He is a good fair man and does what he is supposed to do regarding the orphans. He clothes them well, feeds them, etc. how would marrying both their mothers make it more just.
Before anyone suggests I'm trying to disprove polygamy, I am not. Like all of you, I am looking for a fair, happy society, as per the Koran. Unfortunately, I cannot engage in this discussion on a linguistic level so I am engaging on an ideas/intellectual level, which I believe is halal as the Koran invites us to ponder?!
This is very useful Dawn. To add to your questions, what about the Men who have sole custody of their children (for whatever reason)? WHY do I have to marry a woman in order to help her and her children? The financial output DOES NOT CHANGE if I marry her, it would still be the same, so what benefit would it be for her to marry me? If I am able to pay for her living expenses (food, rent/mortgage, utilities, transportation, spending money) without strain while not married to her WHAT REASON would their be for me to marry that woman unless it is my way of saying I'll take care of you financially, but you'll have to give me something in return.?
Anyway, Dawn Are you willing to rethink and re-examine the concept of Nikah meaning marriage? The word "Nikah" in it's basic definition simply means "Contract". But based on this definition as well as its usage in The Quran, I see it as a "Social Contract" meaning not simply a private contract between two people but rather a contract that is agreed upon by many people within the society and the purpose of this contract is for the overall benefit and betterment of the society.
Though I wish for this thread to remain on topic of AN-Nisaa' and 4/3 I feel as though it can possibly help this thread to expand on my earlier post about Zawaaj being marriage/matrimony instead if Nikah. After dealing with this, I want to briefly look at the root word and some ayaat from The Quran and then we can get back on track of examining the morphology of the word /
I would like to re-examine 33/49 to illustrate my point
Here is the traditional translation of this verse
O you who believe, if you marry the believing females, then divorce them before having intercourse with them, then there is no interim required of them. You shall compensate them, and let them go in an amicable manner.
(Free-Minds Translation)The traditional translation would have you believe that this verse is talking about marriage and divorce in spite of of the fact that the word does not mean marriage in its original connotation and use just as does not mean divorce in its original connotation and use. Because a is a "Contract", the traditional Mufasireen took it upon themselves to give this word a new meaning which is Marriage Contract. But this is wrong because I know for an absolute certainty that the Arabic term for marriage contract (and what the Arabs use today) is 'aqd Al-Zawaaj] which they use for marriage contract and marriage certificate. I am aware of alternative terms such as 'Aqd Al-Quraan and 'Aqd Al-Nikaah but take note of how it is NOT the word Nikah on its own. Because "marriage contract" is a compound term then it would only make sense that it would be a joining of two words to signify it ('Aqd meaning a tying of a knot and Nikah for contract, hence a contract for "tying the knot" between a man and a woman).
I want to look at 33/49 word for word if I may. Please keep in mind my understanding of The Quran is that it is not a book of religion or rituals. It is not a book revealing yet another religion in which the man is superior over the woman. It is a book recommending and outlining a system and a constitution that will greatly better the society that implements its message. Like 4/3 I see 33/49 explaining a situation in which there is a "Social Contract" between people.
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Oh You All, Those who
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Those who have conviction and safeguard something (in our case, the Quranic Ideology and its establishment). It comes from the root word - AaMiNa
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If
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You have intermingled with or established relationships through contracts with. From the root word - NaKiHa which means to tie a knot, make a bond, connect one entity with another, establish a two way relationship.
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The females who have conviction and seek security / safety (again, in this case The Quanic Ideology and its establishment). And again it comes from the root word - AaMiNa
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Then
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You RELEASE THEM / SET THEM FREE / SEND THEM OFF / SET LOOSE / LET GO / LEAVE / FORSAKE / DISCHARGE / REPUDIATE / UNDO / DISENGAGE / EMIT / DISPATCH THEM, ETC. THESE are the ORIGINAL definitions and connotation of the root word TtaLuQa. It doesn't originally mean "divorce". It means to set someone or something loose. It can mean to set some loose or send them away from your company or companionship. To release them in the sense of terminating your relationship with them. It can be applied to one spouse terminating the relationship with the other just as it can be applied to one man terminating his relationship or companionship with another man or his sister or his dog or his cousin or a co-worker at the job, etc.
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Before (Literally "from before that"
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You all had HURT or HARMED them. You all had TOUCHED THEM (their physical persons or their psyche) in a hurtful or harmful manner. Before you all INFRINGE upon them, do them wrong, handle them in an injurious or damaging manner. THIS is the real meaning of the word which comes from the root word MaSSa. One definition is to touch and this is the definition that the traditional translators use which is very, very senseless because one must know that it means to touch someone period. You can touch someone's hands. You can touch the top of their head. And it also means to "Be In Touch". To have mutual contact with another. It DOES NOT mean sexual touch or sexual contact. It is a simple touch, one as simple as a handshake or intertwining your fingers in a "pinky swear" manner or to even thumb wrestle with someone. So to go by the traditional translation of this verse, is saying if you married a woman and divorced her BEFORE you even so much as shook each others hand or sat next to each other with your shoulders touching or anything like that. Is this not just the most ridiculous thing? How many marriages have you ever heard of where two people married and divorced before having ANY skin to skin contact no matter how brief, slight and innocent? So, moving along...
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So Not
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For You All
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Over Them (Them being )
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Of
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Numbered or Counted Period or Time. This word comes from the root 'Adda
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That You Count Regarding Them. This comes from the same root as above.
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So Supply Them Provisions or A Compensation or Grant Them That Which Will Make Them Happy and Enjoy Life. This comes from the root word MaTa3a
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And Set Them At Liberty. The root of this word is SaRaHa which means To Move Away. To Roam Freely in the same manner that cattle freely graze. It also means to Freely Proceed. Please look up this word to understand it's difference from TaLuQa.
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As A Graceful / Friendly / Courteous Discharge. is from the same root as the word above and - Jameelan ( from the root ) means beautiful and gracious, courteous, proper, appropriate, amiable and suitable.
So, putting it all together
"Oh You People Who Have Conviction and Safeguard. If you all establish Social Contracts with the females of Conviction who seek security / safety then let them go their own way before you have harmed them in some way, then it is not for you all that you all count or give a number to how long they have been safeguarded because of you. Supply them with the provisions that will allow them to enjoy their dignity intact and let them go in a gracious and friendly manner."
A couple of things I wish to explain about my rendition of this; It is my understanding that this verse is NOT about marriage but rather it is about situations in which females who have "Conviction" (Eemaan) in The Quranic Ideology/System AND are seeking safety and security from those who too have Firm Conviction (In the Quranic Ideology and System) and have been situated with people through a "Nikah". Sometimes certain people are not compatible with some other people and this Nikah would need to be rescinded or cancelled. This verse is telling those people who were at the "Giving" end of the contract to let the Momenaat go (and possibly find others with whom to establish this bond or contract OR to go out on her own) BEFORE doing or saying something that would be considered harmful. Harmful to , harmful to her self-esteem or dignity, harmful to him or herself and harmful to the overall Quranic Mission. This verse is setting the stage in the realization that sometimes these types of arrangements don't workout because we would have to intermingle the right people together. The Social Chemistry has to be conducive for this relationship and this verse is giving us fair notice that this may come about and if it does, relinquish the social bond BEFORE it gets so bad that you may end up doing something that would be considered harmful. AND... - DO NOT start counting how long or how many days, weeks, months or whatever that this arrangement was in place as a way of holding something over their heads or saying you want this back and you want that back, etc. Just provide them with whatever you can to make sure that the breakup is an amicable one and she has enough provisions to keep her from suffering after the ending of your arrangement with her.
Now, something that needs to be looked at is my rendering of as "Females who are seeking safety and security". Concerning the translation of "Females seeking Safety and Security" for I point everyone to 60/10 where the People Who have Attained Conviction are instructed to make room and provisions for those females who "MAKE A HIJRA TO THEM SEEKING ASYLUM". I add this to the fact that ONE OF THE DEFINTIONS of - AaMiNa (from which we get the word ) is to be SAFE and SECURE. It means to TRUST or HAVE CONFIDENCE in someone or something and to ASK FOR PROTECTION. Look at this definition and then look at the subject of in 60/10.
I will end this with a couple of logical, common sense questions. If this verse was about marriage and divorce as the traditionalists would have us believe, WHY is it only talking about marrying and divorcing women? Is this verse suggesting that women never want out of a marriage and seek a divorce? Or is it saying even if she does it doesn't matter because she has no say? Only the man can initiate a divorce if he wants one. She has no say, no rights, no voice. In that regard, please read the third paragraph (which is in bold print) below.
Salaam,
Damon.Basically what Dr. QZ and the Aastana members are doing is something I realized must be done even when I was still a sunni, and that is we are Starting All Over From Scratch!! The people who altered and defaced the message did so by starting from scratch and they were very methodical about it. WE have to do the same thing IF we want to perform the correct surgery in order to repair The Quran's message and image.
"The Quran is NOT a Religious book geared towards men alone. It is a book of Social Justice geared towards women and men equally.The Quran is a document outlining the implementation of JUSTICE. It is NOT only upon males to implement justice it is upon males and females alike. Because of this, a document concerned with JUSTICE FOR ALL must also ADDRESS ALL!! That is why you find 41 - 43 being addressed to ALL PEOPLE (An-Nas). It is addressing all people and the system of justice it recommends is for the benefit all people - 6/90, 12/104, 38/87, 43/44.
I hope I live long enough to see the day when The Quran is no longer viewed as a sexist, chauvinist, male centric religious book."
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Salamun alaikum;
- If
Not knowing and just thinking it to be "In"-if, the whole perception is changed. It it a time adverb.
- You have intermingled with or established relationships through contracts with. From the root word - NaKiHa which means to tie a knot, make a bond, connect one entity with another, establish a two way relationship.
It is not about social contract.
Social contracts need to be fulfilled. Both parties to contract have obligations---whether both are men or men and women, are independent and enter into contract with will.
Qur'aan tells what a marriage bond-contract is called 2237
I reiterate that before arriving at "scholarly discoveries" the first step is to know individual words of the text; next identify phrases; then identify the sentence to know the relationship of all the words with each other.
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Salaam, Damon,
This meaning of n-k-H as any kind of contract, can you give a source? It is a meaning that is given in the Project root, but I have looked in the Lane and in the Wehr, which are the ones within my reach now and I do not see anything.
Also, if there is in the honourable Qur'an an aya where this meaning of contract is manifest, it would be appreciated.
I take the opportunity to insist again in the aya (I can't remember the number) where we are enjoined to give the best meaning to the Qur'an and in this sense, I contemplate that many the Qur'an it is so drawn that it is dynamic and the best meaning at a time and place may be not the same best meaning at another time and place.
Also remind that in Arabic there are the words dhakar and untha to distinguish sexes without ambiguity, so when none of those terms are used or the regular feminine or masculine plural, there may be ambiguity or different possibilities and we should not ignore that.
Salaam
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Of
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Numbered or Counted Period or Time. This word comes from the root 'Adda
Simple and the most basic lesson about Arabic All to please remember that a Noun in Arabic is always in NOMINATIVE case unless it is influenced-governed by another word in the sentence. It is here in genitive case . . And a word is in genitive case only when it is Object Noun of a Preposition or is second noun of possessive construct=Possessive Phrase.
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You have intermingled with or established relationships through contracts with.
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You RELEASE THEM / SET THEM FREE / SEND THEM OFF
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You all had HURT or HARMED them. You all had TOUCHED THEM (their physical persons or their psyche)
OK this is getting really bizarre?
2236 not blame upon you if you RELEASE al-nisaa/the WEAK OR FORGOTTEN what not you HURT them (f/p) ? nope
2237 and if you RELEASE them (f/p) from before that you HURT them (f/p) and truly you have specified for them obligation so half of it ?
422 and not you ESTABLISH SOCIAL CONTRACTS whom ESTABLISHED SOCIAL CONTRACTS your fathers from al-nisaa/the WEAK OR FORGOTTEN (includes both sexes according to you) except what hence passed indeed it it is immorality and abomination and an evil a way
Peace
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rajul ----------- rijaal
nasu' (?)------ nisaa'
???
Salaam
Salaam huruf,
It can be deduced from inheritance that nisaa encompasses one to many females any age...
411 .. so if are (f) nisaa above two (f) falahunna/so for them (f) third dual (2/3) what left and if kanat/she is (f) widatan/one (f) so for her the half
4176 ... and if they were brethren/siblings rijal wanisaa so to the male like share the two (f) clarifies The God for you lest you stray and The God in every a thing Knowing
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Mazhar, I'm afraid that's the last straw. I've wasted enough time with you Sir. Let me know if/when you decide to discuss Damon's Grammatical Explanation of 4/3 and His Grammar Sources! Salaam to you.
Salamun alaika,
Brother I sincerely wish to take you out of the erroneous shackles Astana has succeded placing them. That is why I am emhphasising the elementaries of Arabic grammar. In Taba case, AnNisa are not the subject since a subject has to be nominative. Now again see AnNisa acting as SUBJECT of a masculine verb, third person, singular, masculine
Verb is imperfect; third person; singular; masculine; indicative mood and its SUBJECT is . Please see case endings, it is nominative.
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Salamun Alaykum people, I have two little questions, please don't ignore them
Is Shirley a guy or a girl?
And who is Damon? -
Salaam huruf,
It can be deduced from inheritance that nisaa encompasses one to many females any age...
411 .. so if are (f) nisaa above two (f) falahunna/so for them (f) third dual (2/3) what left and if kanat/she is (f) widatan/one (f) so for her the half
4176 ... and if they were brethren/siblings rijal wanisaa so to the male like share the two (f) clarifies The God for you lest you stray and The God in every a thing Knowing
So are you saying that the word nisaa' is singular and also plural? Is that what you are saying? That is what I was asking. Not what it encompasses, because it is obvious that any group also encompasses the unit.
Salaam
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Salaam Huruf,
You had asked me a couple of noteworthy questions that really got me thinking and re-evaluating how I had approached this subject. But first
I take the opportunity to insist again in the aya (I can't remember the number) where we are enjoined to give the best meaning to the Qur'an
I'm not sure which ayat you're thinking of but it seems to me like you are referencing 39/17-18.
But now to the better questions you asked
This meaning of n-k-H as any kind of contract, can you give a source? It is a meaning that is given in the Project root, but I have looked in the Lane and in the Wehr, which are the ones within my reach now and I do not see anything.
Huruf, I view a "Nikah" as a Social Contract. The social issues it addresses or encompasses should be derived from context, imho. I am looking at the contexts in which the derivatives of "NaKiHa" are used in The Quran and in other Arabic texts. I am doing the same thing with the root word "ZaJa". I believe the contexts of 4/3 and 33/49 are describing a situation in which a "Social Contract" is established. A social contract can be established through evolution of a society and social practices and activities that would give it it's life OR it can be deliberately established by the people if it is within their means and control to give birth to and help to shape and evolve a social contract. It is my understanding that The Quran is recommending that it's readers institute the second possibility of this idea. And a social contract MAY or MAY NOT include a Written contract. The mutual agreement of the people involved is what makes a social contract what it is and gives it it's function in a society.
As far as sources for this understanding, I am requesting that you go back to Lane's Lexicon and look up the entry for NaKiHa once more. There is more under that entry than the idea of an "intermingling" or "connecting" a man and a woman in a relationship. You can also look at "Lughatul Quran" by G.A. Parvez as he gives a pretty decent explanation of this concept as well. Please absorb and internalize the concept behind this word and then look at the context of 4/3 and any other ayaat in The Quran where this root is used.
Also remind that in Arabic there are the words dhakar and untha to distinguish sexes without ambiguity, so when none of those terms are used or the regular feminine or masculine plural, there may be ambiguity or different possibilities and we should not ignore that.
Excellent explanation and I have nothing that I can add to this. Now the most important question which was asked
Also, if there is in the honourable Qur'an an aya where this meaning of contract is manifest, it would be appreciated.
And that's the problem. This is why I have been trying to emphasize in my last couple of posts that a project has been undertaken to start this process of Quranic understanding all over...from scratch. The problem that I face when trying to answer this question is that the traditional translators and commentators already beat me to those verses and have deeply implanted in everyones minds that those verses where the root word NaKiHa is used is talking about marriage. But they didn't do this by mistranslating and misinterpreting Nikah, Ankihoo and Nisaa only. They have mistranslated and misintepreted EVERY WORD in all of those verses. It would make little to no sense to only address the words Nikah and Nisaa in those verses because we would still need to fix our understanding of all of the other words in those same verses. So, a lot of work has to be done to sift through all the sand in order to find that treasure that has been kept away from us for centuries now. So now there is only one thing I can say about
this question and brings me to a pretty important conclusionOne will have to see Aastana's translation of the entire Quran and compare it to the translations that are already here. This is what Dr. Shabbir Ahmed has done with QXP. Someone (not on this forum) had suggested to me about a week ago that myself and others should probably wait until Dr. QZ's translation is completed and also available in English before presenting our understandinsg to others and this type of question is something he mentioned to me in that conversation. I have to say that now I think he's right. By presenting my understanding of Nisaa and 4/3 to others (not just here on this forum) I am always asked what about this verse? How about that verse? How will it fit here? Where else does it say what you think it says?, etc. And this will always be an issue because of those two very important reasons; The traditional translations are centuries ahead of us in the race and Aastana has yet to complete Her translation. -D I think I (and we at Aastana) would be better able to explain and point things out better if readers can see Aastana's translation which would represent Aastana's undertsanding of the entirety of The Quran.
Of course I am continuing with my dialogue with you but I am stating that I should have practiced a little more patience and waited until at least the Urdu translation was complete (we'll be translating it from Urdu to English too).
Sorry for that long speech, but in my opinion the vast majority of the verse where this word is mentioned in The Quran manifests as a "social contract" or "social bonding" among people in the society, but we would have to FIRST cleanse our thoughts of the Conceptual Barriers that have been planted in our heads.
Basically what Dr. QZ and the Aastana members are doing is something I realized must be done even when I was still a sunni, and that is we are Starting All Over From Scratch!! The people who altered and defaced the message did so by starting from scratch and they were very methodical about it. WE have to do the same thing IF we want to perform the correct surgery in order to repair The Quran's message and image.
"The Quran is NOT a Religious book geared towards men alone. It is a book of Social Justice geared towards women and men equally.The Quran is a document outlining the implementation of JUSTICE. It is NOT only upon males to implement justice it is upon males and females alike. Because of this, a document concerned with JUSTICE FOR ALL must also ADDRESS ALL!! That is why you find 41 - 43 being addressed to ALL PEOPLE (An-Nas). It is addressing all people and the system of justice it recommends is for the benefit all people - 6/90, 12/104, 38/87, 43/44.
I hope I live long enough to see the day when The Quran is no longer viewed as a sexist, chauvinist, male centric religious book."
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Salamun Alaykum people, I have two little questions, please don't ignore them
Is Shirley a guy or a girl?
Shirley is a Girl...well, woman.
And who is Damon?
I Am Damon. I'm Shirley's husband. I have been posting using her account because I do not have an account here of my own and I see no point in having one. I used to years ago before everyone else involved in this thread had arrived here, the two exceptions being Wakas and Savage Carrot. )
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Shirley is a Girl...well, woman.
I Am Damon. I'm Shirley's husband. I have been posting using her account because I do not have an account here of my own and I see no point in having one. I used to years ago before everyone else involved in this thread had arrived here, the two exceptions being Wakas and Savage Carrot.
oh, I see....thanx for the clarification
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Salaam Huruf,
I'm not sure which ayat you're thinking of but it seems to me like you are referencing 39/17-18.
Yes, that is the one, 39.18. Thanks, Damon,
I insist on this aya because I think it is very relevant for the undertaking of this thread.
Many people have extracted meanings from this or that understanding of this sensence or phrase or word from the honourable Qur'an. They may think that is the best that can be extract from those parts of the text. If honestly they think so and cannot see a better meaning, that is up to them, their honesty, sincerity and relationship with God.
On the other hand it is also legitimate that those who think that a better meaning can be had from the divine word, then they should strive to get at it. That is also a jihad. I do not think we can keep people from trying things because supposedly nobody tried them before them. Will they get what they expect? That is in God's hands. The jihad is the part of the human, the reward is the part of God. So if we strive to the best of our ability and with all honesty we are capable of, it is sure that we will get something out of the effort. It always happens when an exercise is undertaken and a sincere and thourough effort is deployed.
It is important also that those who "oppose" the undertaking be loyal and put forward their objection without arrogance and with loyalty and not wishing that they fail. Otherwise instead of a difference of points of view, what arises is a battle and the feeling that the failure of one is the victory of the other, which is really self-defeating for both. It should not come to that. If God had wanted us to be unanimous in everything He would have given us a Pope. Let us enjoy and thank for the freedom of mind and thought. There is no better gift.
Salaam
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So are you saying that the word nisaa' is singular and also plural? Is that what you are saying? That is what I was asking. Not what it encompasses, because it is obvious that any group also encompasses the unit.
Salaam
Use context, no grammar standards back then; simply read verse, nisaa equates to any #of females any age...
411
so if are (f) nisaa above two (f)
falahunna/so for them (f) third dual (2/3) what left
and if kanat/she is (f) whidatan/one (f) so for her the halfThis sentence covers all combinations of mixed siblings and nisaa cannot be anything other than females.
4176
and if they were siblings rijal wanisaa so to the male like share the two (females)
clarifies The God for you lest you stray and The God in every a thing Knowing1 sister; 1 brother
1 sister; 2 brothers
1 sister; 3+ brothers2 sisters; 1 brother
2 sisters; 2 brothers
2 sisters; 3+ brothers3+ sisters; 1 brother
3+ sisters; 2 brothers
3+ sisters; 3+ brothersPeace
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so if are (f) nisaa above two (f)
Plural, subject noun is third person plural feminine that denotes three feminines and above. plural three and above women, is the predicate.
over and above two feminines . This is adjectival clause. In fact this is the succintness and delicacies of text of Qur'aan. Noon is right because of this adjectival descrition of the subject of deficient verb and its predicate that all ages stand covered while reference restricted to three or more feminine.
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Salaam Huruf,
Before we continue with the morphology of the word Nisaa', I would like to know if we are clear about the grammatical structure of 4/3 and how it shows that Nisaa' cannot be "women". Also, I am not a fan of the possibility that this word can mean women in some contexts but not others. I prefer consistency especially when this word doesn't represent the feminine gender and we do have the words that you have pointed out (Untha and Dhakar) for female and male as well as Imr'u and Imra'a for man and woman.
Also, Released, Dawngorgeous, Inquisitivetrini, I would LOOOOOOOOVE for you guys to join in and provide your own input. yes
Salaam,
Damon.Basically what Dr. QZ and the Aastana members are doing is something I realized must be done even when I was still a sunni, and that is we are Starting All Over From Scratch!! The people who altered and defaced the message did so by starting from scratch and they were very methodical about it. WE have to do the same thing IF we want to perform the correct surgery in order to repair The Quran's message and image.
"The Quran is NOT a Religious book geared towards men alone. It is a book of Social Justice geared towards women and men equally.The Quran is a document outlining the implementation of JUSTICE. It is NOT only upon males to implement justice it is upon males and females alike. Because of this, a document concerned with JUSTICE FOR ALL must also ADDRESS ALL!! That is why you find 41 - 43 being addressed to ALL PEOPLE (An-Nas). It is addressing all people and the system of justice it recommends is for the benefit all people - 6/90, 12/104, 38/87, 43/44.
I hope I live long enough to see the day when The Quran is no longer viewed as a sexist, chauvinist, male centric religious book."
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Before we continue with the morphology of the word Nisaa', I would like to know if we are clear about the grammatical structure of 4/3 and how it shows that Nisaa' cannot be "women".
starting from scratch
Interesting approach----start by placing the cart before the horse... rotfl rotfl bravo