Allahu Akbar in Qur'an
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With Allah's name, Ar-Rahman, Ar-Rahim. I seek a refuge with Allah from Satan, Expelled.
All of the Muslims are saying "Allahu akbar" very often, but if we ask Muslims why they're doing that it'll be hard to find any answer. The answer is because it's in the Qur'an and it's what Ibrahim a.s. said. You probably think that you read the whole Qur'an several times but you haven't found these words. And, no, they're not hidden, statement is very clear.
We should know that our deen is from (the time of) Ibrahim a.s., Allah's swt friend. He was the first 'imam for the whole mankind and his offspring are 'imams too, except dhalimoon. The name "Muslims" we're using as "ummah" is also from Ibrahim a.s., and that name wasn't in use (as ummah's name) till revalation of the Qur'an. This is why both Ibrahim a.s. and Muhammad Mustafa sawa are the first Muslims. What is important for us to remember for this question is that Ibrahim a.s. never done shirk and he never lied. We should also know that none of messengers pbut used jokes and lies in their communication, no matter of the situation.
I was asked for the answer about where numbers of rakats in each salat are mentioned in the Qur'an, so I answered what I know 684-93. But if somebody wanna know why we're saying "Allahu akbar" before the salat, we should read ayats before these 674-83. It's normal explanations from Allah swt, detailed for those who're thinking. If we wanna know why we should offere salat then read ayats before these. They're continuation, as salat is continuation first, we have to know what and why we're doing, then we should start it with "Allahu akbar" and then we should do it. So, where's "Allahu akbar" in these ayats.
I won't comment on opinions of your and other scholars, everybody's free to follow what they recognize as a guidence. I'll just mention that what people are talking about ayats 674-83 is mostly wrong.
We'll talk about Ibrahim's a.s. words "haza Rabbi". Probably everybody knows that these words means "this is my Lord", where "haza" describes something near and it can be used only as a singular masculine name. There's a similar word but for something far "dhalika" and there's a word for singular feminine names "hazihi". So, if we point on something in the Skies we should say "dhalika" because it's far, but if it's just shown we can use "haza" also, and we can use "haza" in some other cases. For now, we know that Ibrahim a.s. used correct word when he said "haza Rabbi". But, what is haza here, what he was pointing at?
If we read ayat 678 we'll find that Ibrahim a.s. saw the Sun, and he said "haza Rabbi". The Sun (ash-Shams) is feminine noun and if somebody wanna point at the Sun and say "this (the Sun) is my lord" they should say "hazihi rabbi". So, Ibrahim a.s. was not pointing at the Sun. What he said here?
We should read ayat 2258 to understand this with Allah's Help. Here, Ibrahim a.s. was talking with some kafir (probably Nimrod) and he said ".. Allah is coming with it (the Sun)...". This is understood that Allah swt is bringing the Sun, which is correct, but we should also think about literal meaning of this ayat. So, when Ibrahim a.s. saw the Sun "rising" he knew that there's Allah swt, Who is bringing the Sun. When he said "haza Rabbi" he was pointing on Allah swt, Who was bringing the Sun.
The same is with kawkab and the Moon. Allah is bringing them and at Allah swt Ibrahim a.s. was pointing when he said "haza Rabbi".
If we read ayat 678 again we'll see that Ibrahim a.s. said "haza Rabbi haza Akbar". If we know that he was pointing at Allah swt, we should understand these words as
Allah is my Lord, Allahu Akbar!
Btw, Akbar is super-superlative, which means that nothing can be compared to Allah swt. That's why there's no comparision after "Allahu Akbar" (Allah is Greater).
But, this is not the end, because there's so much knowledge in any of ayats, if we wanna think about them...
The word "bazigh" is used only twice in the Qur'an in ayats 677 and 678 with the Moon and the Sun. It's mostly translated as "rising", but that's not the word for "rising". I don't know English word for that (nor in my language), but I'll try to explain it. Before the Sun rises there's fajr. It starts when we're able to differ darkness and whiteness in the Sky. From that moment day is starting, but the night is still on too. After 1-2 hours the Sun rises. What we know during the fajr is that the Sun will SOON rise. That "soon will rise" is contained in the word "bazigh" used in these ayats. It's something as a hint about what will happen. We should know that this is before the Sun rises. Why is this important to us?
As I said before, ayats before 674 can explain why we should do salat. Ayats 675-83 how we should start and ayats 684-93 how we should do it.
We saw that we should say "Allahu Akbar" before doing salat, as Ibrahim a.s. said. But he also said when we should tell it at fajr time, before sunrise. What else we were told here?
I don't expect you to follow me, nor to believe me, nor to understand what I said and, especially, what I'll say. But you can read it and check it yourself with thinking about it.
In 675 Allah swt told us that he showed Malakoot of the Heavens and the Earth.
In 676 we can understand that after that the night covered Ibrahim a.s. It was fully dark "jann". At that moment he saw kawkab and he said "haza Rabbi" for the first time (but he didn't say "haza Akbar". Remember that he didn't offer salat at the full darkness of night.
In 677 we can understand that he saw that the Moon will rise soon and he said "haza Rabbi" again, but didn't said "haza Akbar" (no salat again). It's still darkness.
In 678 we can understand that he saw that the Sun will rise soon and he said "haza Rabbi". He said "haza Akbar", because it was time for salat.
What we should see is that there's no salat during the darkness of the night. This is also said in 1778
Offer SALAT "li-dulook-ish-Shamsi" to "ghasaq-il-Layli" and Qur'an-fajr.
First, we should know that all daily salats are mentioned here. What is interesting for us related with ayats from 6th surah is that it's said that we should offer (do) salat TO the darkness of the night. So, there's no salat after that, till the fajr (morning). This is exactly what Ibrahim a.s. done. When the night covered him he offered no salat, till he saw that the Sun will rise soon, then he offered salat, which he started with "Allahu Akbar".
For the end, I wouldn't recommend any of us to use "haza" for Allah swt, because Ibrahim a.s. was His friend and he was shown Melakoot of the Heavens and the Earth before this.
Allah knows best.
Allah's bless and salam.
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Even the word usage is wrong. It should be .
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Even the word usage is wrong. It should be .
?