Archetypes
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Alatheena kafaroo = those bent on ignorance; those lost in darkness (26-7, 986) - this includes people with cognitive dissonance when it comes to iman (trust/security in God's existence). Includes religious people.
Al kafiroon/kafireen = the hypocrites; those who spurn guidance while claiming virtue (28-20; 234; 4161, 544, 517, 572-73). This isnt just any "disbeliever." Those who ascribe to a so-called monotheistic religion hypocritically and similar people are in this category. They outwardly claim to have iman (trust/security in God's existence) but they actually do not. They deceive and make a joke out of God's law/guidance. Examples church leaders, sultans, kings, "ayatollahs," "sayyids" - and those who work with/for them - who use religion to take advantage of others. Iblees is in this categor, while he clearly believes in God.
Kuffar = atheists; rejecters; ingrates (2109, 557; 1342, 4734, 5440-43) See how 1342-43 and 4734 distinguises between kuffar and alatheena kafaroo
The root KFR comes from a farmer/tiller because they throw seeds in the dirt and cover them. Also signifies darkness, concealing, hypocrisy, ingratitude and disacknowledgement.
Al munafiqoon = the waverers; the sell-outs; no conviction and change sides quickly, yet not a leader and not as deceptive as the hypocrites (3167, 849, 4142). These people want the benefits of the community of believers but dont want to sacrifice because they do not have iman (trust/security in God's existence). They jump ship easily and thus are a threat and an anchor.
The root NFQ comes from creeping from one hole to another and also signifies to spend and be saleable. It is also the root for infaq, which means donation/distribution/spending on others.