Qur’ān Propounded Translation Methodology for transference to Non-Arab World
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Preface
1.1. Qur’ān like every book is for certain audience. People and scholars of earlier centuries were its audience. Today in the 21st century we are its audience. An author writes and compiles a book keeping in mind the intellectual level of intended audience. If that not be the case, authoring a book is a waste activity. Author is always on higher level of intelligence than his audience. But the author has to communicate at the level of cognitive intelligence of reader because without it there can be no communication. In its absence, the only thing the author and reader will share would be words sprinkled on a piece of paper. The message is geared to be consonant with the audience's prior knowledge and assumptions. It is the audience in relation to whom will depend the main idea, validation and support, word choice, sentence structure, writing plan - form, writing relationship what tone of voice comes to you as a reader.
1.2. Except academic translations of legal documents and discourses, a translation of non-fiction book is in fact the perception and understanding of a translator about the source text. It is, thereby, but subjective since his effort is restricted to his acquired level of information and understanding by that point in time about various subjects discussed in the book. Since the level of information and knowledge keeps expanding, the understanding and thereby the translation of an individual of 7-20th century was certainly based upon the perceptions and understandings of people in those times, scholarship of individual translator notwithstanding.
1.3 Quite many people have translated the text of Grand Qur’ān for various motivations, considerations and intentions, good as well as bad, in timeline. Detailed account can be seen in World Bibliography of the Translations of the Meanings of the Holy Qur'an (Istanbul, OIC Research Center, 1986). Most of these are available on line. It is worldwide known fact the first translations to English were not undertaken by the believers in Qur’ān. During the period from 1649 to 1904 only four English translations were produced, all four by scholars who had their identity as Christians.
1649 Alexander Ross The Alcoran of Mahmet Quote from Wikipedia One of Ross's most significant accomplishments, published in the same year as the beheading of the king, was his complete translation of the Qur’ān into English. Although he knew no Arabic and only poorly translated L'Alcoran de Mahomet, the 1647 French translation of Du Ryer, his translation was the first in English, and his influence faintly lingers in latter-day translations down to the present.
1734 George Sale The Koran The first "scholarly" translation of the Qur'an based primarily on the Latin translation of Louis Maracci (169 George Sale's translation was to remain the most widely available English translation over the next 200 years, and is still in print today, with release of a 2009 edition
1861 John Medow Rodwell The Koran
1880 Henry Edward Palmer The Qur'an
1.4. The fact remains that no attempt was ever made for the translation of Grand Qur’ān strictly in accordance with academic rules, norms and principles. Moreover, it is an undeniable and unfortunate fact that just few scholars attempted translating the Grand Qur’ān in their respective target language directly from its Arabic text. Thanks to computer and internet technology, it is now easy to see the majority of translations on one page. This blessing of technology has highlighted a dismal image of saddening effect; when we see many translations on one page we find more plagiarism than original work. Majority merely "re-translated", or "reproduced" already available translations; particularly that of George Sale and John Rodwell, with slight difference of sentence structuring, and replacements by synonyms and synonymous words of the same language. A mere glance of the preambles of George Sale and John Rodwell works will reveal their tilted minds and hearts, nothing but bias, animosity, and rancour was the inspiration behind their scholarship and works.
1.5. In the later works the conspicuous difference will be noticed only about additions of sectarian biases. The fact of reliance upon such works becomes glaring in later works when we find such opinions; which otherwise seem irrational, illogical on face value, were plagiarized.
1.6. On the other extreme, one finds the scholars of remote past strangely kept fabulating whenever episode of life of the Elevated Messengers of Allah the Exalted finds mention in Qur’ān. Thereafter, the plagiarists in timeline have repeated it extensively that now it is as if engraved in memories of majority. However, the original episode in the Arabic words of Qur’ān is ever safe for those who wish not live in fictional realm.
1.7. It were only the Jews at the time of revelation of Qur’ān who are criminally charged for character assassination, for slandering, ill-reputing, and associating fabricated ridiculous stories with the Chosen and Elevated Allegiants sent as Messengers of Allah the Exalted, which are not becoming of their dignity, status, honour, and reverence. They did not hesitate doing so even for the elevated Messenger Sulie'maan alai'his'slaam who had made them sort of superpower, since he was given control and authority over breeze which pollinates the cash crops.
1.8. Distancing from the Grand Qur’ān has turned majority of us, the believers, as human lemmings belonging to this school of thought and that school of thought. We all have a packaged opinion inserted into our minds somewhat like a cassette inserted into a cassette player and we keep playing it back. Perhaps we also resemble to that she-spider mentioned in Qur’ān; she picks up a piece of paper and attaches it to the spinnerets, say chest, to soothe her when she fails to find her adopted house wherein she had placed her egg-sack. We are no more grouped and tightened by the "Rope"; we are now a people without a "DNA". It is now the time that we revert to the Book of Allah the Exalted, the Grand Qur’ān; and try regaining the dignified stature we once held in the world.
1.9. We the Believers know where we stand in the world of 21st century. If we were to search for a prime cause of our downfall in the comity of nations; it is our estrangement from Grand Qur’ān. And the fall of Arabs is only because they have forgotten to realize the superiority of their language which is reflective of the highest rational and intellectual mind of their forefathers. We wrongfully propagate the Qur’ān is the most widely read book. We naively equate recitation-transcription-memorization with reading. Reading is for comprehension. And comprehension is dependent upon acquiring the skill for real-time translation of the text of a foreign language. Thus, a negligible minority reads the Grand Qur’ān in the sense of the perception and meanings of the term “reading”.
1.10. One of the erroneous palavers (almost worldwide perception) about Qur’ān is that it is religious text of a people named and identified as Muslims. The fact is diametrically opposite. It is the only and unique book whose audience is entire living Mankind. It is a book that addresses each and every individual whose Brain stem is alive. A reader who heartily submits to its Thesis Statement, after critical evaluation is called a Believer (not Muslim); one who rationally submits to the truth infallibly established by concrete evidence and irrefutable arguments. A person, who after submitting to the Thesis Statement, moulds his life according to the Code of Conduct - Universal Constitution prescribed therein, both for physical realm and life, is called a Muslim, literally a person who aspires to maintain peace, tranquillity, and dynamic balance of mind and heart and environment.
1.11. Another erroneous palaver about Qur’ān is that it literally means "the recitation". English word "recitation" means the action of repeating something aloud from memory. Thereby, what the palaver is attributing is that it is a book for memorization. A book is meant for reading and comprehending the author's communication therein. Memorization is not the primary objective of a book; however, it is evidence of par excellence sonic coherence in the Divine Discourse which enables its memorization. The title of the Book aims at informing the reader as to the type of the book and about its content and ambit.
1.12. Yet another palaver about Qur’ān is the widespread opinion, almost to the level of belief, that translating and comprehending Qur’ān is a difficult task. This conjectural and opinionated propaganda is so strong that vast majority, including those who have studied Arabic as a language to the higher level, seldom thought of learning the skill for self-translating and comprehending the Qur’ān. A fear has been generated that any attempt of self-interpreting Qur’ān might astray the person. A belief has been created that for learning Qur’ān the prerequisite is acquiring the knowledge of more than a dozen of disciplines.
1.13. Therefore, acquiring the skill for comprehending the message with personal effort is all the more important and necessary when we carefully listen to the information and cautions given therein about a type of scholars who are in fact enemies of the exalted Messenger Sal'lallaa'hoalaih'wa'salam. We should study the built-in Information about certain religious scholars and their works on the Divine Book—mingling and jumbling of fabricated stories, whereby the need will be felt that every believer must make an effort to learn the skill at least for understanding the surface - exoteric meanings of the original Arabic text.
1.14. In view of highly negative information given in Qur’ān about a class of religious scholars who may have acquired the status of trailblazers, it is necessary for us to acquire the ability to evaluate their works which might otherwise be misleading and aiming at diverting people from the High Road of Allah the Exalted. There are further two reasons. Real-time translation is an intense activity of one's own brain. Reading a translation is near-passive activity, or involves less intellectual effort. Reading a translation may add to one's information-archive but may not necessarily enhance his level of understanding. Grand Qur’ān, a non-fiction book, aims at successively increasing the level of intellectual understanding of its reader to ascensions beyond the physical realm.
1.15. Ability of real-time translation will enable us to perceive those beauties and niceties of the words and sounds of Arabic text which all translations will lack, however profound and scholarly they might be. If environmentally we have never experienced the effect as mentioned in Ayah 3923, despite having read dozens of translations and exegeses, it is time that we should try acquiring skill for real-time translation to synchronize our selves with the Words of Allah the Exalted. It says that skins of those who experience awe of their Sustainer Lord become bristled by listening or reading some segment of Grand Qur’ān. Did we ever experience this?
1.16. The need for acquiring skill for real-time translation is for reason that Grand Qur’ān is alive in time and space. It is declared as "Infallible Discourse", a miscellany of facts for all times. Therefore, barring a truly academic translation, all translations of the past will become merely a reference for successive generations in timeline. However, its characteristic feature; "Infallible Discourse" and declaration about its contents as absolutely void of peeving substance suspicious, conjectural, whimsical, conflicting, ambiguous, anomalous, irrational, un-certain, illusory, unsubstantiated, incongruous, biased and opinionated matter, renders it understandable for readers of any point of timeline.
1.17. Why all translations of the past need to be archived, for reference purposes only, even if they were not academic translations? Grand Qur’ān informed in advance
سَنُرِيـهِـمْ ءَايَٟتِنَا فِـى ٱلْءَافَاقِ وَ فِـىٓ أَنفُسِهِـمْ حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّـنَ لَـهُـمْ أَنَّهُ ٱلْحَقُّۗ
Our Majesty will henceforth keep intermittently exposing visually Our tangible realities prevalent in the Universe-horizons and in their own bodies to them (who accept not the Divine origin of Qur’ān) — The purpose of this visual manifestation is that it (Qur’ān) being Infallible Discourse of Reality itself explicitly explicates to have been sent for them by their Sustainer Lord.
1.18. Besides creation, the other method of Divine communication - conveyance of information, knowledge and guidance is verbal; orally and in writing. Whatever and to whatever extent the Unitary Source of Knowledge wished to share, He has already shared with His Spokesperson closing the chapter of any further communication of information and knowledge
إِنَّـآ أَعْطَيْنَٟكَ ٱلْـكَـوْثَرَ
Our Majesty have since personally granted you the Messenger the unique - ultimate profundity.
1.19. Henceforth, there shall be no communication and sharing of information. Onwards, it will only be exposure of realities to visual faculty. The fact about existing realities is that not all are visible to human naked eye. The Primal Creator as well as the knowledgeable, observant-scientists convey the knowledge about realities not apparent to human eye by using the metaphors. Descriptions by metaphors enable people perceive a general idea-image of invisible fact by relating it to features of the metaphor.
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1.19. Henceforth, there shall be no communication and sharing of information. Onward, it will only be exposure of realities to visual faculty. The fact about existing realities is that not all are visible to human naked eye. The Primal Creator as well as the knowledgeable, observant-scientists convey the knowledge about realities not apparent to human eye by using the metaphors. Descriptions by metaphors enable people perceive a general idea-image of invisible fact by relating it to features of the metaphor.
1.20. Knowledge acquired by human beings until seventh century was through naked eye observation. Naked eye observation of an object and reality grants conviction about its existence. Thought of invisible realities was all along there in human mind that kept him busy in developing theories to gain a perception about various phenomena.
1.21. Turning point was when the Creator of all that exists, Allah the Exalted Who had initiated creation with self-imposed obligation of Mercy, personified Mercy for all in the person of Muhammad , His Last Messenger. Grand Qur’ān, life sustaining and path illuminating Visible Light - the Enlightener was descended to Earthly Universe along with him . It disclosed that a new era of observation of invisible realities is ushering in. It advised humanity to break away from the ideas of the Greeks, who were mired in the belief that they could theorize and deduce underlying principles; and to believe in empirical observation and measurement
وَ قُلِ ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ سَيُـرِيكُـمْ ءَايَٟتِهِۦ فَتَعْـرِفُونَـهَاۚ وَ مَا رَبُّكَ بِغَٟفِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ٩٣
Moreover, you the Messenger pronounce "The Infinite Glory and Praise eternally stands specified entirely and exclusively for Allah the Exalted. He the Exalted will henceforth keep visually showing you people His Aa'ya'at realities in the Universe and your own bodies. Thereat, you people will keep recognizing them as were verbally mirrored." — And warn that your Sustainer Lord is indeed never unmindful/neglecting of what acts you people perform."
1.22. Grand Qur’ān informed Allah the Exalted will keep bringing to human visual access the knowledge about universe and human body, whereby the fact Grand Qur’ān is the infallible discourse of absolute reality might become self manifest to the people who keep denying it. Why a first time observation of hitherto unseen thing manifests that the Qur’ān is a statement of proven fact? This is possible only if the same thing finds verbal mirroring of it in the Qur’ān. Verbal specification and visual observation are two aspects of identification of a tangible fact of real existence, as denoted by Arabic word ءَايَةٌۭ ayah -sign. The visual observation of an earlier unseen fact will manifest the book written earlier in time as the Book of Facts which contains its verbal presentation. This will establish that the Book really contains verbal statements of scientific facts and is not conjectural, hypothetical and presumptive in its contents.
1.23. Wisdom and enlightened is that state of acquisition of knowledge when the invisible of the matter and its relationships become perceivable through vision and intellect. However, the remote past and remote future is beyond our vision and perception. Notwithstanding what distance we could cover in the past and the future we can never say with confidence and certainty that we have reached and seen and perceived the things at the point of beginning or ending in future. We can never encompass the matter in its entirety not only because of its extremely voluminous and diversified nature but also because we know the skies are expanding all the time. Therefore, if we can manage to reach its today's last boundary and limit it would have gone farther the moment we reach the point we thought is the ending point. It is an endless pursuit; this is the limitation of our capability of vision and intellect. We will always end up in a closed street.
1.24. Knowledge is primarily divided into two branches; knowledge of things/matter and what happened-was talked about by the people; their dialogues, habits and acts in the past. The knowledge about the matter is verifiable in time and space. Anything said by anyone or a book regarding physical matters could be subjected to verification in time and space about its truth to an exact detail. If we find the words of a book relating to physical matters written earlier in time as true and factually and materially correct in all respects; then we will have to believe too in those statements of the Book which narrate some events/dialogues between people of past/historical narratives. The falsification test of any book/ statement could be the physical one. The facts mentioned in the Qur’ān about the Universe and human body is in itself the falsification test of the Book. It portrays the Universe the way it is. It constitutes major part of concrete evidence to prove first part of its Thesis Statement.
1.25. When we apply this test upon the exegeses and translations of the past, none stands the test in relation to the background knowledge of the people of 21st century. Therefore, in the light of the above declarative statement in the Qur’ān; do we have any option but to treat all earlier exegeses and translations for reference only to their background knowledge and understanding?
1.26. There is yet another reason why every reader should attempt acquiring the skill for real-time translation of Qur’ān. It is the Semantic density of information in Grand Qur’ān embedded in just 6236 Ayahs. It is so voluminous that we will never be able to empty its words; therefore, no translation is exhaustive and final in timeline; and no discussion ever runs it dry. This is one of the features that render a book great in timeline. May be you retrieve such pearls of wisdom which did not come to notice of all the translators.
1.27. In view of the foregoing it is necessary for us to acquire the skill for real-time translation and interpretation of Grand Qur’ān by shedding preconceived notions and extreme regards for people who earlier translated it and wrote exegeses. It does not entail disrespect for those scholars who were sincere with Grand Qur’ān. We should remember the given information
وَفَوْقَ كُلِّ ذِى عِلْمٛ عَلِيـمٚ ٧٦
-- Remain aware; He who is intensively and extensively knowledgeable is always present over every person who has knowledge-understanding --.
1.28. We must believe in the emphatic proclamation and claim of Allah the Exalted that the Grand Qur’ān has been rendered facilitative for learning, comprehending and relating it to others.
فَإِنَّمَا يَسَّـرْنَٟهُ بِلِسَانِكَ لَعَلَّهُـمْ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ٥٨
Thereby, for reason of its universality and permanence, Our Majesty have certainly rendered it (Qur’ān) easy, open and facilitator for reading and comprehension by transcribing it in the mother tongue - dialect of you Muhammad —The purpose of rendering it facilitator is that people might at their own sincerely comprehend, make their selves enlightened, recall and relate it.
1.29. It is declared it will ensure and give us a truly living life in the Hereafter
يَٟٓأَيُّـهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ ٱسْتَجِيبُوا۟ لِلَّهِ وَ لِلرَّسُولِ إِذَا دَعَاكُمْ لِمَا يُحْيِيكُـمْۖ
O those people who have proclaimed to have believed in the Messenger and Qur’ān, listen; You people sincerity and desirously respond for Allah the Exalted; and sincerely and affirmatively respond for the Messenger when he (the Messenger) has urged you people towards that (Grand Qur’ān) which will give you people life .
1.30. It is ever living book, the Grand Qur’ān. The Ever Living, the Omnipresent Author has taken to Himself guarding His Intellectual Property. The first ever formal literary creation in Arabic language is admittedly Grand Qur’ān. The Arabic language and Non-Arab languages differ in genealogy and biology. Thereby, it was necessary for the first ever formal book of Arabic to hint the difference and methodology - theory for its transference to Non-Arab world languages. Interestingly, Grand Qur’ān has even given the keys for cross-check and evaluation of accuracy and equivalence of the target language text.
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Why we must learn self understanding Qur'an? Because, it is our Covenant
1.31. The importance of studying Qur’ān is unquestionably realized and admitted by the believers the world over. The foremost reason for self acquiring the skill for real-time translation and comprehending is that living the life according to the contents - injunctions of Qur’ān is mandatory upon the believers. Our earliest forefathers who accepted and believed in the Divine Discourse had pronounced
وَقَالُوا۟ سَـمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَاۖ
· Further they (the Believers) said "We have listened (the Word-Unitary Verbal Passages of Qur’ān recited by the Messenger) and have wholeheartedly accepted it.
1.32. Allah the Exalted has declared it as our Covenant and has bound us by it Allah the Exalted made this ideological and intellectual approach and word/expression of the earliest submitters for behaviour and conduct as His Covenant with the believers of exalted universal Messenger Muhammad (Sal'lallaa'hoalaih'wa'salam) tying and binding all their followers in time-space with this pledge
وَٱذْكُرُوا۟ نِعْمَةَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيْكُـمْ وَمِيثَـٟـقَهُ ٱلَّذِى وَاثَقَكُـم بِهِۦٓ إِذْ قُلْتُـمْ سَـمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَاۖ
وَ ٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَلِيـمٌۢ بِذَاتِ ٱلصُّدُورِ٧And you recall and celebrate "the Grace-obliging beneficence of Allah the Exalted" upon you people. (read about grace 2151;3164;622) And remember His Pledge-Covenant — that by which He the Exalted has tied-bound you people when you said "We have listened and we have consciously accepted it (Qur’ān)".
And sincerely endeavour to attain the protection from Allah the Exalted. It is a fact that Allah the Exalted is aware absolutely of that which the chests hold inside.1.33. Thereafter, whenever the true believers needed advice for any problem or disagreement between them they were called upon to refer to Allah the Exalted and His elevated Messenger so that he resolves it among them; they did it and said
إِنَّمَا كَانَ قَوْلَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِيـنَ إِذَا دُعُوٓا۟ إِلَـى ٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ لِيَحْكُـمَ بَيْنَـهُـمْ أَن يَقُولُوا۟
سَـمِعْنَا وَ أَطَعْنَاۚ وَ أُو۟لَٟٓئِكَ هُـمُ ٱلْمُفْلِحُونَ٥١Indeed the statement of the true believers; when they are called towards Allah the Exalted and His Messenger, so that he may adjudge between them, is only this that they say —
"We have attentively listened (Qur’ān) and we have affectionately and wholeheartedly accepted the Word." Know it, they are the people who are truly the endeavourers for perpetual success-fruitfulness.1.34. The invitation and the Covenant are now ever-present and binding
وَ مَا لَـكُـمْ لَا تُؤْمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِۙ وَ ٱلرَّسُولُ يَدْعُوكُمْ لِتُؤْمِنُوا۟ بِرَبِّكُـمْ
وَ قَدْ أَخَذَ مِيثَٟقَكُـمْ إِن كُنتُـم مُّؤْمِنِيـنَ٨And what is the consideration that is distracting for you people making you not to remain believing in Allah the Exalted —While the Messenger is inviting you people desiring you to retain belief in your Sustainer Lord —
And while He the Exalted has taken a solemn pledge of you people —Remain loyal to the covenant if you are truly the believers.1.35. The verdict; that the Believer's society/state shall be governed by referring all matters (إِلَـى ٱللَّهِ وَ رَسُولِهِۦ) to Allah the Exalted and His Messenger makes the Grand Qur’ān as the primary Code and Constitution for them.
يَٟٓأَيُّـهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ أَطِيعُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَ أَطِيعُوا۟ ٱلرَّسُولَ وَ أُو۟لِـى ٱلْأَمْرِ مِنكُـمْۖ
فَإِن تَنَـٟزَعْتُـمْ فِـى شَـىْءٛ فَرُدُّوهُ إِلَـى ٱللَّهِ وَٱلرَّسُولِ إِن كُنتُـمْ تُؤْمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلْيَوْمِ ٱلۡءَاخِـرِۚ
ذَٟلِكَ خَيْـرٚ وَأَحْسَنُ تَأْوِيلٙا٥٩O those people who have proclaimed to have believed in the Messenger and Qur’ān, listen; You people listen and wholeheartedly accept the Word of Allah the Exalted and listen and accept the Word of the Messenger (relayed from Grand Qur’ān) — And accept the word-promulgations of the holders of authority administering the affairs who are chosen/elected from among you people/society.
Thereat, if you mutually wrangled with men of authority-rulers in some matter; thereby, you all are directed to resolve it by reverting to the word of Allah the Exalted and the Messenger (evaluate and decide according to dictate of Grand Qur’ān), do so if you people have been truly believing in Allah the Exalted and the Last Day.
This is the best course; and in ultimate analysis-outcome it is most appropriate and balanced.1.36. It is made mandatory for the subjects of Islamic state who are claimants of having become believers to heartily accept the dictates of Allah the Exalted and His Messenger incorporated in the Divine Discourse which is simultaneously declared as the "Relay, Statement" of the exalted Messenger (6940). The Word/Law/Dictate/Commands issued by the Managers, Rulers, Administrators, Government who hold authority for the administration of State is also binding upon believers. But such dictate can be challenged which must be resolved by reference exclusively to the Criterion (ٱلْفُرْقَانَ )-Grand Qur’ān by the Law Making Parliament and Supreme Judicial Body
تَبَارَكَ ٱلَّذِى نَزَّلَ ٱلْفُرْقَانَ عَلَـىٰ عَبْدِهِۦ لِيَكُونَ لِلْعَٟلَمِيـنَ نَذِيرًا١
The Omnipresent, the Perpetual, the Absolute is He the Exalted Who gradually communicated the Criterion to the Sincere Allegiant of Him the Exalted — The purpose of serial communication of the Criterion (Qur’ān) is that he may retain the status of a Revivalist - Warner - Awakener for peoples in time and space - the Worlds.
1.37. Since Grand Qur’ān is the Pivot for socio-politico-economic life of Islamic State, it needs no emphasis that Non-Arab states must learn the skill for real-time translation and understanding of Arabic of Qur’ān in their state's language.
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- Translation and Interpretation - Theory and Reality
2.1. Translation is an old activity that man has practiced since ancient times. Its necessity was felt because of variation and diversity in languages of the peoples which in itself is a pointer-thought provoking existential for the knowledgeable people
وَ مِنْ ءَايَٟتِهِۦ خَلْقُ ٱلسَّمَٟوَٟتِ وَ ٱلْأَرْضِ وَ ٱخْتِلَٟفُ أَلْسِنَتِكُـمْ وَ أَلْوَٟنِكُـمْۚ
إِنَّ فِـى ذَٟلِكَ لَءَايَٟتٛ لِّلْعَٟلِمِيـنَ٢٢And that the creation of the Skies and the Earth is evoker of thought process indicated by His Signs - cognizable phenomena — And so are the the mutual variation in the languages and in skin colours of you people —
Indeed signs indicating the existence of the Creator and Setter of sciences are obvious in the aforementioned facts for the knowledgeable people equipped with information.2.2. Wikipedia article captioned "Translation" states; "English word derives from Latin word "translatio" which comes from trans, "across" + ferre, "to carry" or "to bring". Thus translation is "carrying across" or "a bringing across" of a text from one language to another." We may thus equate it with a "Ferry" for languages which otherwise is a boat for conveying passengers and goods, especially over a relatively short distance and as a regular service".
2.3. In English Frame Index "translating is defined A Cognizer produces a Target_ symbol which represents, in the Target_ representation format, a Content that pre-exists in the form of a Source_ symbol in a Source_ representation format".
2.4. The successive Possessive Phrases ٱخْتِلَٟفُ أَلْسِنَتِكُـمْ not only refer to mutual variation in the languages but also variation in dialects of same language. The Form-VIII verbal noun stemming from Root خ ل ف also has resemblance with the concept of Translation because it signifies the coming or happening of a thing after another thing rising and holding the position and status that was earlier held by the other one; the Target language text holding the position held by Source language text. Translation is thus a vehicle that transports the created literary sounds from one geographical and ecosystem boundary to another boundary.
2.5. Another concept that collocates with translation is interpretation. It is defined as transference of meaning of spoken and heard words in the language of second person. The difference between the two is of real time versus delayed. Interpreting occurs in real time. It happens in person. An interpreter transfers the meanings in both directions, on the spot, without any reference material. Interpreter is thus fluent in both the languages.
2.6. Translation is a delayed activity because it takes place long after a text is created. It gives the translator time to access resources, like lexicons, glossaries, grammar books, and these days Google to access any subject. Therefore, it is obviously an easier and less taxing task than the job of an interpreter.
2.7. The physical and sensory modalities of speech and writing are distinct. They are distinctly different as the physical processes of speaking and writing. Similarly the physical and sensory modalities of interpretation and translation are different. For interpretation, sound - voice is the medium and the organ used is ears while in translation the first medium is the vision through the organ of eyes.
2.8. In real world experience the end product of both is communication. Both aim at explanation or establishment of the meaning or significance of something stated orally or in writing. It is also the case when the speaker and listener, and author and the reader, have the same language. The listener and reader interpret the spoken and written words of his own language and saves as perception what he thought or comprehended the speaker or writer intended to convey.
2.9. Except being one directional, the translation is in fact interpretation. For translation the first requirement is the skill for reading. Reading involves translating text into sounds as were articulated by the original speaker. And comprehension involves deriving meanings from those sounds.
2.10. Translation is in fact decoding and perceiving information embedded in the sounds, vibrations, waves, visuals and motion heard, felt and observed in various fields prevalent in what is persisting. Thereby, it seems translation and interpretation is universal phenomenon and activity persistently ongoing.
2.11. Considering the meanings and purpose of translation; we can say that all reading is in fact translation and interpretation simultaneously. A native reading the text of his language is in fact transferring the meanings, perception and the message contained therein to his memory where it is written in a form different than the form of language he watched on paper.
2.12. Translating, be it intralingual, interlingual and intersemiotic transmutation is creation in a narrow sense. The scope of translation is quite wide from verbal to verbal tokens and into non-verbal manifestations like old day's silent movies or visuals and hieroglyphs and vice versa.
2.13. Translation is decoding the encoded communication of creation in a different format whereby it is necessarily a depiction of the creation through a medium in another realm. It is like liquefying a solid by breaking the ties/knots. We will later discuss some innovative and novel ideas of translation on the analogy of synthesis of protein encoding genes in Human genome deduced by me as Triplet Theory of Translation, and also comparing it with ingestion process and seven "layered" spectrum of white light (ٱلنُّورُ).
2.14. All statements suggesting that Grand Qur’ān is "untranslatable" or it is most difficult are erroneous and are mere ante propaganda. It has been rendered facilitative for all academic purposes for all levels of intellectual and intelligence quotient. But before discussing how and what features render it easy for reading and comprehending, we will first enumerate the prerequisites for academic and forensic study of great book and moral and legal obligations of a would-be translator and exegete who intend to publish his work.
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- Prerequisites for a translator who intends to public his work.
3.1. Having done the syntactic, morphological and perceptual analysis of individual words, a person who intends acquiring skill for real-time translation and comprehending Qur’ān for his own understanding, he should immediately start translating with first reading — like the child's first encounter with reading — first effort must be to identify the actual words — after recognizing them individually he begins to try to understand them, to struggle with perceiving what they mean. But for professionals there are many prerequisites
(1) The fundamental ethical and intellectual responsibility of a researcher who intends taking his work to public domain he must free himself from shackles
(a) Push aside all the preconceived notions, biases, prejudices, whims and pre-read opinions about the source text, favourable or non-favourable - antagonistic.
(b) He should firstly study the book critically, several times, in accordance with the academic rules and principles of reading a book, before penning the translation and interpretation.
(c) He is morally bound to firstly encompass and grasp the whole book, sincerely and to the best of his knowledge specific to the subject discussed.
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In a few years, artificial intelligence will be able to provide the best and most unbiased translation of the Quran.
Peace
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Artificial intelligence is what is fed by man.
No;
According to the tests I have done, they already have the ability to think free and original at primary school level. Soon this will reach the high school and university age level and they will be smarter than humans.
In chess, they have started to produce new strategies that even the producers of the chess programs themselves cannot understand.
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No;
According to the tests I have done, they already have the ability to think free and original at primary school level. Soon this will reach the high school and university age level and they will be smarter than humans.
In chess, they have started to produce new strategies that even the producers of the chess programs themselves cannot understand.
No brother... You should have a heap of courage to claim that..
Neither AI nor AGI has the ability to produce other than what they have already been programmed.. Simply AI has no FREEWILL, so the new output would come out from them but only what is expected of results would they produce..Even in a normal computer chess game, if you can't win it means the computer is well-programmed to defeat your moves.. So AI is even more advanced..
If human creates, they can create what humans can think of and not beyond it..
Can AI produce a Quran similar to it? Even if it produces, it will only produce what humans can also produce, it won't produce anything beyond what humans can produce because the knowledge of humans is inserted into AI and not the free will of the human by which innovation is produced.. A creature that is not on its own can never innovate..
The artificial brain of the human brain.. lol.. human brain is a memory of knowledge cultivated through THINKING/REFLECTING but unfortunately, AI or AI cannot think..
thank you... -
No brother... You should have a heap of courage to claim that..
Neither AI n.No, brother. It's the other way around. You are ignorant and speaking without support.
I can't blame you though, even the experts on this subject had the same erroneous opinion as you until yesterday.
As I said, they have already reached the primary school level. Soon they will surpass us. They may even have already surpassed our intelligence in the version they are hiding from us.
As for chess, they started to come up with new and original strategies that even the producers of that program could not understand.
In fact, new chess programs are now learning the game from scratch by playing thousands of matches on their own.
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well... I communicated with all the support as of now... Never will AI or AGI would reflect on their own but with what they have produced.. Yes, they will take over people since most on Earth are ignorant ... The knowledge of the creator of the AI is beyond people like you and me, so it would look like they would take over.. Because of the high intelligence infused into them..
Don't get duped by what they say... wait patiently and let them produce an AI that can reflect on its own.. have some patience.. Don't rush.. but accept technology.. but don't fall prey to it.. as you wish though brother..
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Peace All.
Anything made by GOD s creation can never challenge GOD and His plan
So what has AI got? Where is it going to acquire knowledge it does not posses or it can never have?Only GOD ,the all knowledgeable ,has the laws , the power and the wisdom to create and perfect His creation.
Or who thinks AI is not limited in knowledge and power?
Both people and their AI/whatever they produce will always be limited in knowledge. !Wa Ma Outitum Mina Al Ilm Illa Kalila" . Yes we have a minute of minutes of GOD s knowledge folks.
Besides everything we encounter is in GOD s plan anyway.
Do not be surprised or concerned if a new translation of Qoran by AI is put out there or if some AI claims to be messenger or another god with GOD.
The work of Satan and his human devils are many and varied.
Brother Mazhar and good logic along with everyone else beware! The devil could easily pull the wool over our eyes thinking we are with GOD and His system.
GOD bless.
Peace. -
Where is it going to acquire knowledge it does not posses or it can never have?
Yes... As long as AI doesn't reflect on its own it will never happen..
Simply, let them create an AI with empty brain and let it reflect on its own and save on memory and let the AI produce what ever it can... Then I do agree it reflects on its own.. And I do agree that challenge of 2273 is accomplished..
Allah created all human with empty brain and whatever human acquired knowledge was with vision and hearing
and reflection and saved in Memory as knowledge and wisdom...
So robotic or AI engineers can produce an AI with empty brain and let AI develop in its own and that's what called self perceived knowledge... Whatever you see now is human transpired knowledge and not more than that..Thank you
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No, brother. It's the other way around. You are ignorant and speaking without support.
I can't blame you though, even the experts on this subject had the same erroneous opinion as you until yesterday.
As I said, they have already reached the primary school level. Soon they will surpass us. They may even have already surpassed our intelligence in the version they are hiding from us.
As for chess, they started to come up with new and original strategies that even the producers of that program could not understand.
In fact, new chess programs are now learning the game from scratch by playing thousands of matches on their own.
Artificial intelligence will be both smarter than us and will be integrated into robots that will be able to do all professions.
By the way, I haven't even mentioned the integration of quantum computers and artificial intelligence. Then even more awesome things will happen.
And they will be able to interpret or translate the Quran with an unbiased eye.
Of course, the fact that people with malicious intentions will be able to influence AI or use it for their own benefit is another aspect of it, or that jinns will be able to influence AI and use it for evil is another aspect of it.
What I am talking about here is the fact that if this technology is used with good intentions and if it is not interfered with to think freely, it will turn into a great blessing.
It can do in a few minutes what humans cannot do in millions of years.
Already in the near future, artificial intelligence will be able to write an original novel of thousands of pages in a second. And it will be able to turn that novel into a movie in a second (including original music and songs, with images no different from 3D photographs)
peace
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Artificial intelligence will be both smarter than us and will be integrated into robots that will be able to do all professions.
By the way, I haven't even mentioned the integration of quantum computers and artificial intelligence. Then even more awesome things will happen.
And they will be able to interpret or translate the Quran with an unbiased eye.
Of course, the fact that people with malicious intentions will be able to influence AI or use it for their own benefit is another aspect of it, or that jinns will be able to influence AI and use it for evil is another aspect of it.
What I am talking about here is the fact that if this technology is used with good intentions and if it is not interfered with to think freely, it will turn into a great blessing.
It can do in a few minutes what humans cannot do in millions of years.
Already in the near future, artificial intelligence will be able to write an original novel of thousands of pages in a second. And it will be able to turn that novel into a movie in a second (including original music and songs, with images no different from 3D photographs)
peace
And as I said, they have started to be able to think at primary school level, they can accept that the information they have been fed is wrong and they can move on to a whole new view.
In chess, they are making original strategies that even their makers didn't teach them, that even their makers couldn't understand. Not only in chess, but also in other strategy games like Go.
I see that most of the people who write here don't follow the developments at all. Artificial intelligence is learning to play the game from scratch. Only the rules of the game are loaded into the program, everything else the AI learns and improves on its own by playing thousands of matches with itself.
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Good discussion between Emre_1974tr and JKhn.
Better for Emre to please define in simple terms as to what is AI. How is it being created and fed to the machine?
Obviously a machine can't function without inserting in it the guidance and providing it energy/force to start.Can AI be considered as attempt to make a brain?
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Yes... As long as AI doesn't reflect on its own it will never happen..
Simply, let them create an AI with empty brain and let it reflect on its own and save on memory and let the AI produce what ever it can... Then I do agree it reflects on its own.. And I do agree that challenge of 2273 is accomplished..
Allah created all human with empty brain and whatever human acquired knowledge was with vision and hearing
and reflection and saved in Memory as knowledge and wisdom...
So robotic or AI engineers can produce an AI with empty brain and let AI develop in its own and that's what called self perceived knowledge... Whatever you see now is human transpired knowledge and not more than that..Thank you
Exactly. That is the point.
5.9. In psycholinguistics, speech comprehension refers to one's acquisition and understanding of linguistic input received in verbal form. That is, whether or not and how well one is able to understand spoken words. Reading comprehension is defined as the level of understanding of a text. This understanding comes from the interaction between the words that are written. Proficient reading depends on the ability to recognize words quickly and effortlessly. Reading is not all that matters. We have to comprehend what we read because without comprehension, reading is a wasted effort.
5.10. The language being communication through stream of sound, it could have meaning and affect only when auditory instrument and faculty of hearing and listening was already in place in the recipient. Allah the Exalted has inserted faculties of learning and acquiring knowledge which Man lacks on birth
وَٱللَّهُ أَخْرَجَكُـم مِّنۢ بُطُونِ أُمَّهَٟتِكُـمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ شَيْــٔٙا
وَجَعَلَ لَـكُـمُ ٱلْسَّمْعَ وَٱلۡأَبْصَٟرَ وَٱلۡأَفْـِٔدَةَۚ لَعَلَّـكُـمْ تَشْكُـرُونَ ٧٨Realize it; Allah the Exalted brought you people out of the bellies of your respective mothers —In the state that you had no knowledge about physical realm. Realize it, He the Exalted have inserted and rendered some instruments as the listening - acoustic faculty; and other the observing - optical faculty; and few others as for Processing-Integrating-Perceiving Baking establishment the Brains as locus of gaining knowledge and enlightenment for you people. This realization might enable you people to express praises-thanks.
5.11. The delicate information is in the omission of first object of verb (جَعَل) in the compound sentence and sequencing of faculties. Action signified by the Verb جَعَلَ always occurs after خَلَقَ a thing has been created. It is rendering an already existing thing as something different and particular. Therefore, it needs two objects, one that already exists and the one after rendition. It necessarily means the already existing thing did have the potential to be rendered as such. It is only matter of time and occasion of so rendition. Today we are aware every development and rendition is already specifically mentioned in the DNA of Zygote عَلَقٛ.* The ascending order of placement of words representing faculties-senses might be of interest for scholars and researchers who are interested in examining questions like the encoding, store, retrieval information, development of discrimination abilities, perceptual and conceptual category formation, problem solving, recognition and recall memory, language comprehension, and reasoning about the physical and social worlds, etc.
5.12. The first faculty is mentioned by definite Verbal Noun ٱلْسَّمْعَ followed by a plural Noun ٱلۡأَبْصَٟرَ. The use of this pair of a verbal noun and plural noun signifying two distinct sensory faculties is quite reflective and meaningful. A verbal noun signifies state or an act without time reference. Man is in a state of hearing sounds, voices all the time; whether or not he is wilfully interested in percipient listening of something. Therefore, sounds arriving in brain may remain just as "hearing" of pleasant or annoying noises; or may cause conceptual perception knowledge when these are "listened". However, the brain does hear and analyze the incoming sound during sleep without person's conscious-voluntary effort.
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Can AI be considered as attempt to make a brain?
It can be thought of as an artificial brain.
And it will be a brain that can do in minutes what you can think and calculate in millions of years.
Tanks are also made by humans, but tanks are more robust than humans.
People also make airplanes, but airplanes can go higher than humans.
In the same way, human beings are producing an intelligence that is smarter than themselves.
And as I said, they have started to think freely and originally. They had already started, but now it has reached a level that even those who don't believe in it can see. They have the intelligence of a child in the versions that are given to us for free now. In the versions not shown to us, they are certainly even more advanced. and tomorrow they will be much more advanced.
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It can be thought of as an artificial brain.
And it will be a brain that can do in minutes what you can think and calculate in millions of years.
Tanks are also made by humans, but tanks are more robust than humans.
People also make airplanes, but airplanes can go higher than humans.
In the same way, human beings are producing an intelligence that is smarter than themselves.
And as I said, they have started to think freely and originally. They had already started, but now it has reached a level that even those who don't believe in it can see. They have the intelligence of a child in the versions that are given to us for free now. In the versions not shown to us, they are certainly even more advanced. and tomorrow they will be much more advanced.
However fact remains. Everything is penned down
وَكُلُّ صَغِيـرٛ وَكَبِيـرٛ مُّسْتَطَرٌ ٥٣
Mind it, each and every thing of small and large manifestation and ramification is penned down.
All that exists owes its existence and thereby its cognition-knowledge to the Exalted Creator. All that exists and gets known is, in fact and essence, the desire, decision and act of creation undertaken by the Creator. The act of creating something is signified by the Arabic word خَلْقُ a verbal noun signifying an act, phenomenon, mechanism, activity, undertaking, without specific time reference.
لَخَلْقُ ٱلسَّمَٟوَٟتِ وَٱلۡأَرْضِ أَكْـبَـرُ مِنْ خَلْقِ ٱلنَّاسِ
وَلَـٰكِنَّ أَكْـثَرَ ٱلنَّاسِ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ٥٧
Certainly, the act of Creation of the Skies and the Earth is comparatively a greater assignment - undertaking than the act of the creation of the species-Human Being. However, most of the people remain in the state of not accepting/realizing this fact/reality .It أَكْـبَـرُ is an Elative Noun signifying either comparative or superlative state. Here it is comparative. It signifies comparative magnificence, volume, manifestations, dimensions, anything real or abstract which can be referred in measured tones. Here it is restricted in its predication to the verbal noun خَلْقُ, the act of creation with regard to the pair-Skies and Earth and Species Human Being. However, it does not depict as to who, خُلُقُ the object taking existence by the act of creation, is more dignified, elevated, loved, preferred, or great in honour in the desire, decision and judgment of the Creator.
The Great, in the real sense of the word, is the one who is the consideration and cause of all creation, not the one who involves a bigger effort, volume, dimensions, vastness, magnitude and quantum. Here is the Verdict of the Creator, regarding the desire, purpose and object on the back of creation of all that exists as per our knowledge
وَهُوَ ٱلَّذِى خَلَق ٱلسَّمَٟوَٟتِ وَٱلۡأَرْضَ فِـى سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٛوَكَانَ عَـرْشُهُۥ عَلَـى ٱلْمَآءِ
لِيَبْلُوَكُمْ أَيُّكُـمْ أَحْسَنُ عَمَلٙاۗ
Moreover, He the Exalted is the One Who created the Skies and the Earth in a time duration of six days . -- And His Throne, the Seat of Supreme Sovereignty, is ever located above the Water --.
The purpose and consideration of this creative activity was that He the Exalted might expose, by subjecting to a test, as to who amongst you people is more appropriate-balanced-beautiful-moderate with regard to conduct, behaviour and actions.
إِنَّا جَعَلْنَا مَا عَلَـى ٱلْأَرْضِ زِينَةًۭ لَّـهَا لِنَبْلُوَهُـمْ أَيُّـهُـمْ أَحْسَنُ عَمَلًۭا٧
It is a fact that Our Majesty has rendered and declared that which exists on the Earth as appealing - attraction for her — The purpose and consideration for rendering it attractive is that Our Majesty might expose them by subjecting to a test as to who amongst them is more appropriate-balanced-beautiful-moderate with regard to conduct, behaviour and actions.
ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَ ٱلْمَوْتَ وَ ٱلْحَيَوٰةَ لِيَبْلُوَكُمْ أَيُّكُـمْ أَحْسَنُ عَمَلًۭاۚ
The Omnipresent, the Perpetual, the Absolute is the One Who created the matter and the life — The purpose and consideration of this creative activity was that He the Exalted might expose by subjecting to a test as to who amongst you people is more appropriate-balanced-beautiful-moderate with regard to conduct, behaviour and actions.
It is thus unambiguously made evident that creation of the Skies and the Earth, and that which is present over and in the Earth, has no importance and worth for its own sake. Its creation and existence is only to serve a purpose which relates to us-Human species. The elative noun أَكْـبَـرُ with reference to the magnitude, vastness and involved time with regard to the creation of the Skies and the Earth, in relation to the act of creation of Human Being, rather reflects the importance and superiority given to Man in the whole realm of creation and creative activity.
