As far as I have understood it has nothing to do with polytheist. Mushrik is one who follows his/her own wishes or others wishes instead of God's Law.
The person committing "zina" becomes a "mushrik" (follower of one's own wishes or someone else, instead of God's commands) hence he/she should connect with people of their own kind and leave, peaceful and law abiding people, alone.
Cocept of repentence comes from 245
Except for those who come back after this and correct themselves then God is protector and privider.
How do we know that applies to fornicators? From my understanding what you quoted refers to God's forgiveness. I don't think that necessarily applies to a fornicator getting permission to marry a fornicator.