Deuterium - A reminder of creation
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And of everything We have created pairs that you may be mindful.
What is deuterium?
90% of all atoms in the universe are hydrogen. The other 10% are helium. The sun and stars are essentially all hydrogen. Our sun burns 600 million tons of hydrogen every second. That burning of hydrogen creates a core temperature of the sun of 27 million degrees fahrenheit.
The heat of the 27 million degree core slowly makes it way through 432.000 miles of surrounding sun from the core to the surface. Once it gets out it maintains a surface temperature of the sun of about 10.000 degrees. About 92 million miles away there is a little blue planet that maintains an average temperature of 57 degrees fahrenheit from the heat it receives of the sun. This mechanism fueled by hydrogen sustains all life on this planet. From armadillos, mosquitoes to barack obama.
Hydrogen offers a check on the big bang theory. Take a glass of water. The water in that glass contains an artifact that is 14.5 billion years old. Water is made up of two (a pair of) hydrogen atoms, one oxygen atom. Hydrogen is a very simple atom. One nucleus, surrounded by an electron. It is atomically the most simple pair. There are two forms of hydrogen ordinary hydrogen and heavy hydrogen (deuterium). Heavy hydrogen has a more heavy nucleus (about twice as massive as ordinary hydrogen). Other than that they are identical and react the same chemically.
For every 10.000 ordinary hydrogen atoms in a glass of water there are two heavy hydrogen atoms. The heavy hydrogen is 14.5 billion years old. The very beginning of time. So there is a connection between big bang and deuterium, we can use deuterium to check big bang cosmology.
To be continued...
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You forgot to put font size at 12
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Why is that?
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So we have deuterium 14.5 billion years old and the universe 14.5 billion years old. If it has been around for 14.5 billion years old, its got a story to tell.
This is the story of deuterium
In 1885 Basel, Switzerland there was a mathematics teacher named Johan Balmer who became interested in four numbers
6562
4861
4340
4101He was caught up with trying to understand if there was a connection between them. Why? All of you have seen a rainbow splashed acrossed your dining room wall. Sunlight coming through a crystal, the light coming through it providing a rainbow. Red to blue through violet. All the colors are there. This is a rainbow. They are beautiful.
If you take a tube filled with hydrogen gas, put it in a light fixture to make it light up then what you get is not a continuous rainbow but 4 distinct colors. This is something unique to hydrogen.
https//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Emission_spectrum-H.svg/757px-Emission_spectrum-H.svg.png
A Swedish physicist by the name of Anders Armstrong measured the wavelengths of those 4 colors emitted by hydrogen gas. The wavelengths are the 4 numbers which intrigued Balmer.
He came up with an equation - the hydrogen Balmer series
https//upload.wikimedia.org/math/f/0/7/f07ed424f934f56b0f7ded2f7cfa4922.png
It doesnt matter if you understand this formula or not but it connects the four numbers we know from the wavelenghts emitted by hydrogen gas.
But this is not just theory. This formula allowed Balmer to calculate these numbers which agreed exactly with the measured values.
Everything changed when Balmer did this. All of a sudden people knew that the atom had some internal ways of generating these wavelengths. Something very specific. Balmer himself knew. Balmer said "It seems to me that hydrogen ... more than any other substance is destined to open new paths to the knowledge of the structure and matter and its properties. In this respect the numeric relations among the wavelengths of the first 4 hydrogen spectral lines should attract our attention particularly." This in 1885. Balmer knew he had found something. And people did too.
We are gonna see how these 4 spectral lines come back at the beginning of creation.
To be continued...
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Awesome posts! I really liked them!
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From atoms to galaxies
During the 20th century we discovered some fundamental things about our universe. As recently as 90 years ago, we were under the impression the milky way was the universe. We thought that was it. The milky way is approximately 100.000 lightyears across. Light travelling at 186000 miles per second takes 100.000 years to get across. Cosmic things are big-scale stuff.
We are halfway to the center - 30 000 lightyears from the center of the milky way. Our sun is moving through the galaxy at 600.000 miles per hour. You right now, are riding along at 600.000 miles per hour through the universe.
In 1929, Hubble was looking at nebula. Clouds, smeary things you can see through a telescope. Like the Orion nebula. This one is inside the milky way.
Hubble was looking at these nebula. Hubble was able to isolate specific stars inside far removed nebulas and realized they werent nebula but were in fact entire galaxies. Some of them bigger than the milky way. And suddenly the universe was a lot bigger. The universe is literally littered with galaxies all of them containing billions and billions of stars. Hubble saw Balmer lines coming from these things.
As Hubble looked at these galaxies, he noticed they were moving away from us and the universe was expanding. That was a big one. The universe is like a loaf of bread. If we are a raisin in the bread, all the other raisins are moving away from you. No matter what galaxy you look at, it is moving away from us.
Another fact was discovered. There is a radiation that is everywhere in the universe. Cosmic background radiation. This static hiss is coming from all directions. This background radiation and the expanding universe are consistent with the big bang cosmology.
We don't know anything before 1 tenth of a billion of a second after big bang. We cant go back to zero of time. Because the universe had infinite temperature and infinite density. We cant deal with infinities. The theories break down. But we can go back to a billionth of a second after the big bang with a certain reliability.
So what happened in the early beginning so far as we know?
In the very early fractions of a millisecond everything consisted of particles photons, electrons, neutrinos, protons and neutrons all moving very fast and crashing into each other. Nothing could form as soon as a proton tried to hold on to an electron another particle comes along and smashed everything apart.
From plus one second to plus 1000 seconds the temperature dropped down to 10 million degrees. The nuclei of helium, deuterium and a very few lithium nuclei are formed. There is no mechanism in the universe to make deuterium today. All the deuterium in a glass of water was made during this timeframe.
At 300 000 years the temperature had gotten cool enough so atoms could form. When atoms formed 90% were hydrogen and 10% were helium.
To be continued...
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We theorized how the Big Bang happened but where did the Big Bang come from? Where did the atoms come from in the first place? Nobody knows but I think it is the most interesting question. What do you think exists outside the universe? Other parallel universes/multiverse? A Black Hole (Maybe we are inside a black hole ourselves)? Nothing but void?
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@
The answer to your question can be found in the first line of the original post.
The abundance of deuterium
We know what the abundance of deuterium is today. We can figure out from the data in our laboratory different mechanisms that could give rise to deuterium back in that early time one second to a 1000 seconds. So they calculated what the abundance of deuterium had to be right after the big bang.
Here you have the world of particles, the extreme smallness of our world linking up to the beginning of our universe, the biggest thing in our world. These two extremes have linked hands.
Deuterium does get destroyed in stars etc. The abundance of deuterium had to be a a bit higher than 2 atoms for every 10.000 hydrogen atoms at that early stage. They calculated 3.5 deuterium atoms per 10 000 hydrogen.
A check on the big bang
They started looking at an old hydrogen cloud. Old meaning, far away. Far away is old. If we see a hydrogen cloud that is 10 billion lightyears away; we are seeing the light as it was 10 billion lightyears ago. When you look at the cosmos, you look at the past.
So they found a cloud that is 14 billion lightyears away. They wanted to check what the abundance of deuterium was 14 billion years ago. Luckily there was a quasar (a very bright object) behind the old hydrogen cloud. The light of the quasar was shining through the hydrogen cloud. What did they see?
Well, that light excited some hydrogen atoms and those hydrogen atoms gave of those famous four lines. But not only the four lines, it also gave of a little lower frequency. The wavelength of deuterium. The spectral lines of deuterium. From the intensity of those spectral lines, they could measure the abundance of deuterium as 1.9-2.5 deuterium per 10.000 hydrogen.
The results show us the abundance of deuterium hydrogen 14 billion years ago. It offers the most rigid check on big bang cosmology.
And of everything (the universe) We have created pairs (deuterium, the most simple pair of a proton and neutron) that you may be mindful (deuterium can only be created in the early time of big bang and is still present even in our water).
Peace
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Peace @runninglikezebras
this I can understand, based on experimentation, Mathematics and good reasoning,
not conspiracies theories such as Flat/Concave Earth, a glass ceiling, a flash light bulb and a moon prism
(sorry for the dig, but I am still sore at pazuzu, after giving us a great rendering of South West Arabia, joining the Flat Earther esoteric group) -
Peace @runninglikezebras
oh, and I will take the liberty to post your thread to twitter and my facebook page )
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Ty theNabster,
I hope these posts will contribute to those trying to find a valid understanding of the creation in pairs Quran is talking about.
In a next thread I will touch the topic of the transparent universe, that early stage when light was not seperated from matter. I still have a lot of research to do before I can start that one.
Concerning pazuzu's theory on South West Arabia it's basically Kamal Salibi's theory. I don't think there is much truth in it. But everyone should judge for themselves.
Peace
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If you like youtube here is a series of counterevidence on Arabian Judaea
https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=GxOhfjOn3Us
https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqy7VkxkWRg
https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=gD-ILQcCV-g -
Peace, thanks...
I might have a look, though I prefer reading, as I don't have to focus as much, due to my being bipolar and other stuff, I can't stand watching moving pictures for too long, it gives me migraines too.
That's why twitter is a God send for me, it allows me to express myself in snippets -)
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Peace, thanks...
I might have a look, though I prefer reading, as I don't have to focus as much, due to my being bipolar and other stuff, I can't stand watching moving pictures for too long, it gives me migraines too.
That's why twitter is a God send for me, it allows me to express myself in snippets -)
I hear that bipolar is rare in males, what is the experience of having it like?
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and there is also the paranoia, like my latest is that pazuzu is a CIA operative sowing confusion among the Quran Allah Only community... >
Haha this community kind of seemed to suck anyway, but I've been here only recently, compared to 2003 and stuff.
I mean their name is Pazuzu and they have a picture of what was thought to be an image of the demon from the Exorcist Film (the character Pazuzu).
Even if they aren't being paid by the CIA, we are always working.
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Don't you agree the big picture is quite beautiful?
The simplest pair one neutron, one proton.
The heavy form of this pair dates back to within 1000 seconds of initial big bang.
Hydrogen is all around us. Lighting up the stars. Allowing plants to grow.
In our water, in our bodies we find deuterium. A heavy form of the ordinary hydrogen.
When you look at the stars, you look at your own past. Not your past that started with birth. But the past that shaped this entire universe in such a delicate and intricate way (hydrogen/helium balance) that cellular life becomes possible.
If this balance of helium and hydrogen was even slightly different. The whole universe wouldn't be possible. Life wouldn't be possible. We wouldn't exist.
Edit
a picture of the pair
http//www.nasa.gov/images/content/154621main_fuse_3_250px.jpg
*This picture is not an exact representation of the position of the electron which is in reality immensely far removed from the nucleus, yet kept in place by forces. But thats a whole different story...
Peace