Inheritance according to Qur?an

McKenna36

Dear Noon waalwalami,

Your theory did make sense. However there is one weak point of it; how do you prove that ma taraka/what is left doesn't refer to a whole of what is left by the dead. This word at the end clearly points that it's about whole that is left

Noon_waalqalami

Dear Noon waalwalami,

Your theory did make sense. However there is one weak point of it; how do you prove that ma taraka/what is left doesn't refer to a whole of what is left by the dead. This word at the end clearly points that it's about whole that is left

peace ? wording is precise see examples ?from? the whole to parents, spouses, less dept, etc.

411 ? the sixth mimma/from what taraka/left if be for said person offspring ? so to mother said person the sixth from after instruction/behest instructed in it or dept

412 ? mimma/from what left they (f/p) min/from after instruction/behest instructed they (f/p) in it or dept ? and for them the fourth mimma/from what left you if not beeth for you offspring ... so if be for you offspring so to them the eight mimma/from what left you min/from after instruction/behest thou making in it or dept ... so they partners of in the third min/from after instruction/behest instructed in it or dept

https//i.postimg.cc/g2tQQtKH/ch4v8-11.jpg

https//i.postimg.cc/6TJ5r58T/ch4v169-176.jpg

Noon_waalqalami

peace, to illustrate issues like this article full of errors/incorrect reading as do most ever written on topic.

https//www.academia.edu/38527753/INHERITANCE_UNDER_ISLAMIC_LAW.docx?email_work_card=view-paper

Female sibling of the same parents
2/3 if there are two or more
Female sibling of the same father
2/3 if two or more

4176
so if be dual ith'natayni/two (exactly two females!)
so to them dual the third dual each (1/3 + 1/3 = 2/3)

likewise see 4011 ith'natayni/two (twice) not two or more!

Berlin, State Library ms.or.fol. 4313
606-652 CE (95.4%) carbon dated parchment
https//corpuscoranicum.de/handschriften/index/sure/4/vers/176/handschrift/141

https//i.postimg.cc/qMtznSPs/ch4v172-ch5v2.jpg

Mazhar

Abstract

Inheritance is the practice of passing on the property, debts and obligations upon the death of an individual. In Arabic, the concept is embedded in Root . The moveable and immovable assets have become fascinatingly attractive for sensual excitements and gratifications for the majority of people. This being the ground reality, mere laws and regulations to implement justice in all respects in the case of inheritance is quite a difficult proposition for majority of human beings. Therefore, Allah the Exalted encourages creating a situation wherein justice can be established in such matters by heightening the moral consciousness of man and showing of mercy and kindness to those undergoing tribulations. The probable situations obtaining in the case of death of a wealthy Man or Woman are quite many. It will need volumes of laws and regulations yet leaving areas for injustice. The rules and guidelines given for sharing the inheritance are aimed at avoiding heart-burning, bickering and ill feelings among the members of bereaved family. The law of inheritance prescribed for Mankind and made obligatory upon the Believers is based upon the Testate succession and the Mandatory allocations; called and , made by Allah the Exalted superseding the Will to that extent. Specifically covered are situations which are pregnant for abuse of man-dominance and injustice. In such situations, Allah the Exalted has exercised the Authority and Will to demarcate certain parts of the Inheritance, and permanently allocating it to specific relatives in preference to others. The old simple method of dividing into equal shares is adopted like equal parts into which a company's capital is divided these days. The unique feature of law of inheritance promulgated in Grand Qur?n is that Mankind's ever cherished notion of absolute preference to male offspring is inverted by declaring daughter/s, not son/s, the focus and theme of Inheritance.

Mazhar

Part-I. Definition of inheritance; Arabic Root for semantic domain of inheritance and Roots that collocate

Inheritance is the practice of passing on the property, movable and immovable assets, debts and obligations upon the death of an individual. The concept of inheritance is embedded in Root . Ibn Faris stated

( &#1577

. .

That it refers to the thing owned by persons which thereafter is turned towards later generation by lineage/kinship and/or for some other reason.

It thus denotes inheritance, transfer of sustenance to heirs called http//haqeeqat.pk/English%20Tafsir%20e%20Haqeeqat/00.Tabweeb%20Part%202/001.%20Roots%20originating%20in%20Surat%20002/2.233/508.%20Waris%20Waw%20Ra%20Se/12.gif they who inherit (money, property, heritage) as an heir at the death of previous holder. They can be only those who are for the deceased http//haqeeqat.pk/English%20Tafsir%20e%20Haqeeqat/00.Tabweeb%20Part%202/001.%20Roots%20originating%20in%20Surat%20002/2.064/45.gif plural noun (three or more) meaning kinsfolk, or beneficiaries for some other reason, like under patronage person (in common parlance adopted son). It stems from Root . According to Ibn Faris its primarily signification is

.

That it leads to the perception of nearness; adjacent.

The fact that only will be legal or collateral/secondary heirs of the deceased is explicitly prescribed

Know it Our Majesty have declared kinsfolk, siblings and under-patronage persons; in order of relative nearness, as heirs for every deceased out of that heritage which the Parents (Mother and Father) and the Nearer-Relatives have left behind.

And as for those whom your right hand had pledged responsibility, thereat, you people (who are leaving heritage) give them their fortune in the inheritance.

It is a certain fact that Allah the Exalted is Ever Observer over everything and affairs.
The first sentence is declarative, a promulgation. Allah the Exalted has made it public that plural three or more are appointed as heirs for all the deceased parents and the Nearer relatives who will have share in the heritage
4. The focus word is Verbal sentence . It comprises of doubly transitive Verb Perfect First Person; Plural/Sovereign Singular; Masculine; Suffixed Subject Personal pronoun, in nominative state; Verbal Noun. It stems from Root which signifies rendering an already existing thing to assign it a different characteristic or state; or inserting something into an object. The second object of the verb is elided as it is otherwise explicit from collocates and the topic of sentence. The are declared as the heirs.

Noon_waalqalami

like under patronage person (in common parlance adopted son).

peace, only if in behest/will ...

334 and not made adiyaakum/adopted sons yours sons yours such yours speech yours with mouths yours and the god speaketh the truth and he guided the path

Mazhar

peace, only if in behest/will ...

334 وما and not جعل made ادعىكم adiyaakum/adopted sons yours ابناكم sons yours ذلكم such yours قولكم speech yours بافواهكم with mouths yours والله and the god ىقول speaketh الحق the truth وهو and he ىهدى guided السبىل the path

Salam,

Yes,

Prepositional Phrase لِـكُـلّٛ relates to the following Verb. It is always used in construct-possessive phrase. When used elliptically-extremely concise in writing, it always has the "nunation of compensation" as is the case here. The discourse and the sentence is about allocation of Inheritance, thereby, it manifests that "nunation of compensation" is for each one of the deceased. The object of verb مَوَٟلِـىَ suffices for indicating that it relates to all the deceased and includes the martyrs. كُـلّ It means each, every denoting no exception. This promulgation in irself is prohibitory that the inheritance be given wholly to two persons. The inheritors must be three or above.
وَٱلَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَٟنُكُـمْ فَـَٔاتُوهُـمْ نَصِيبَـهُـمْۚ
Take note about those whom your right hand had pledged responsibility, therefore, you people grant them their fortune in the inheritance.
Who are they and weather they can be included in the مَوَٟلِـىَ not being in real terms kinsfolk-blood relations? The adopted sons are so declared by Allah the Exalted
ٱدْعُوهُـمْ لِءَابَآئِـهِـمْ هُوَ أَقْسَطُ عِندَ ٱللَّهِۚ
You people are hereby directed to call them (adopted youngsters) by their respective Fathers. This is most appropriate and balanced conduct in the judgment of Allah the Exalted.
فَإِن لَّمْ تَعْلَمُوٓا۟ ءَابَآءَهُـمْ فَإِخوَٟنُكُـمْ فِـى ٱلدِّينِ وَمَوَٟلِيكُـمْۚ
However, if you knew not the Fathers of them, thereby, they are your brothers in the Prescribed Code and Physical Procedure ; And they are your Beneficiaries.
وَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُـمْ جُنَاحٚ فِيـمَآ أَخْطَأْتُـم بِهِۦ وَلَـٰكِن مَّا تَعَمَّدَتْ قُلُوبُكُـمْۚ
And there is no cause of embarrassment and disconcert for you people regarding what you erred in the past in this matter; but that is blameworthy which your hearts purposely did.
وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ غَفُورٙا رَّحِـيـمٙا
Know it; Allah the Exalted is repeatedly Overlooking-Forgiving, the Merciful.
The مَوَٟلِـىَ kinsfolk are the ٱلْوَٟرِثِيـنَ inheritors and a solitary son is included in them
وَإِ نِّـى خِفْتُ ٱلۡمَوَ ٰ⁠لِیَ مِن وَرَآءِى
And I have felt apprehensive of kinsfolk in situation after me �
وَكَانَتِ ٱمْرَأَتِـى عَاقِرٙا
And my wife has been infertile �
فَهَبْ لِـى مِن لَّدُنْكَ وَلِيّٙا
Therefore, You do give me from Your grace an associate (son) �
يَرِثُنِى وَيَرِثُ مِنْ ءَالِ يَعْقُوبَۖ
He will inherit me and he will inherit from the family of Ya'qoob �

وَٱجْعَلْهُ رَبِّ رَضِيّٙا
And do render him; my Sustainer Lord, a pleasing personality."

It is thus rendered abundantly explicit that only the مَوَٟلِـىَ kinsfolk are the ٱلْوَٟرِثِيـنَ legal inheritors.
Whatever of economic value that passes on at the death of previous holder to the heirs is referred by ٱلتُّـرَاثَ heritage, and by verbal noun مِیرَ ٰ⁠ثُ heritage, escheat (ultimate proprietorship).
The مَوَٟلِـىَ kinsfolk are the ٱلْوَٟرِثِيـنَ inheritors and both are two-way relational words.
The heritage is described by sentence مِمَّا تَرَكَ ٱلْوَٟلِدَانِ وَٱلۡأَقْرَبُونَ out of that which the parents and the nearer-relatives have left. The object of verb is elided for succinctness and for being obviously understood heritage.
Related Root ت ر ك signifies giving up, desertion, abandonment of a thing. An agent leaves behind estate which becomes another's property. The fortunes accruing to various members of the bereaved family could fluctuate depending upon the number of offspring and blood relatives existing at the time of death of a person leaving heritage.
لِّلـرِّجَالِ نَصيِبٚ مِّمَّا تَرَكَ ٱلْوَٟلِدَانِ وَٱلۡأَقْرَبُونَ
Share is apportioned for the Men partially from the inheritance left by the Parents (Mother and Father) and the relatively Nearer Relatives.

وَلِلنِّسَآءِ نَصِيبٚ مِّمَّا تَرَكَ ٱلْوَٟلِدَانِ وَٱلۡأَقْرَبُونَ
And share is apportioned for the Women partially from the inheritance left by the Parents (Mother and Father) and the relatively Nearer Relatives.
مِمَّا قَلَّ مِنْهُ أَوْ كَثُرَۚ نَصِيبٙا مَّفْرُوضٙا
This share is out of that which has either become diminutive from that-inheritance or has become greater fortune apportioned.
9. The Verbal Sentence قَلّ is the Relative Clause for the preceding Relative Pronoun. The Verb is Perfect; Third person; Singular; Masculine; Intransitive; and Subject pronoun is hidden linking back to the Relative Pronoun. It is derived from مصدر-قِلَّة Verbal noun. It signifies that its Subject has become in diminutive proportion. After Appositive-coordinating conjunction for alternative option is the Verb كَثُرَ denoting something having become in abundance or large proportion.

The wealth moveable and immovable assets have become fascinatingly attractive for sensual excitements and gratifications for the majority of people
زُيِّنَ لِلنَّاسِ حُبُّ ٱلشَّهَوَٟتِ مِنَ ٱلنِّسَآءِ
Know it; the love of erotic predilections - stimulators has become alluring for the people (Men), fetish from the women;
وَٱلْبَنِيـنَ
And liking for having sons has become a longing for people.
وَٱلْقَنَٟطِيـرِ ٱلْمُقَنطَرَةِ مِنَ ٱلذَّهَبِ وَٱلْفِضَّةِ
So has become the desire to have a state of hoarded abundance of Gold and Silver —

وَٱلْخَيْلِ ٱلْمُسَوَّمَةِ وَٱلۡأَنْعَٟمِ وَٱلْحَرْثِۗ
And the marked-pedigree horses , and abundance of herbivore-mammals, and for plenty of harvesting lands.
ذَٟلِكَ مَتَٟعُ ٱلْحَـيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنْيَاۖ
This is the wealth-sustenance-provision of the transitory worldly life.
وَٱللَّهُ عِندَهُۥ حُسْنُ ٱلْمَـَٔابِ
Mind it that Allah the Exalted grants the most appropriate return and abode by His Grace.
11. This being the ground reality, mere laws and regulations to implement justice in all respects in the case of inheritance and other economic problems is quite a difficult proposition for majority of human beings. Therefore, Allah the Exalted encourages creating a situation wherein justice can be established in such matters by heightening the moral consciousness of man and showing of mercy and kindness to those undergoing tribulations.

Mazhar

Earlier the Arabic text was appearing. Now it seems, some fault in the software of forum that Arabic text is missing.

However, the complete article can be read here and input, critique can be discussed by reference to any point, para.

http//haqeeqat.pk/Economics-Inheritance.htm

Noon_waalqalami

peace, one of the oldest manuscripts dated 606-652 CE (95.4%)

Gotthelf Bergstr??er Archive Cairo, National Library qf 47
https//corpuscoranicum.de/handschriften/index/sure/4/vers/12/handschrift/73

Berlin, State Library ms.or.fol. 4313 (i.e. same manuscript)
https//corpuscoranicum.de/handschriften/index/sure/4/vers/176/handschrift/73

https//i.postimg.cc/Ssmjg41C/ch4v11-15.jpg

https//i.postimg.cc/dQZ0cvL2/inheritance-4-11-and-4-176.jpg

Mazhar

Allah the Exalted has allocated inalienable shares for the bereaved relatives in the most simple method by categorizing the deceased in three mutually exclusive types

(i) Parents (Biological father and mother) leaving behind one daughter, or two daughters and son, or many daughters, daughter and son/sons, or more than one son. Parents leaving behind only one son are not in this category.

(ii) Deceased leaving behind alive parents, both mother and father; one son and spouse (wife/wives or husband). Or deceased leaving behind only parents (father and mother) and spouse, but without one son to grieve.

(iii) Deceased (man or woman) leaving behind only single alive parent or no parent, and no spouse, but leaving one son to grieve him. Or deceased leaving behind only single alive parent or no parent, no spouse, no son but leaving behind to grieve him one sister, or two sisters, or sister/s and brothers.

All the three deceased are distinct and exclude one and another. We will not find any other type of deceased in the world.

http//haqeeqat.pk/Economics-Inheritance.htm

Noon_waalqalami

http//haqeeqat.pk/Economics-Inheritance.htm

quote from site "It signifies a son; translating it as "child" is erroneous it refers to human off-spring"

peace, above has numerous contradictions on inheritance and throughout the book, see example in context...

6100-101 وجعلوا and make they of لله to god شركا associates of الجن the jinn وخلقهم and creation them وخرقوا and attribute they of له to him بنىن banīna/sons وبنات wabanātin/and daughters بغىر in other than علم knowledge سبحنه glorified be he وتعالى and exalted he عما of what ىصفون attributing بدىع originator السموت the skies والارض and the land انى how ىكون being له to him ولد waladun/offspring (son erroneous! does not exclude having daughter!) ولم and not تكن it be له to him صاحبه companion his وخلق and creation كل every شى thing وهو and he بكل in every شى thing علىم knower

411 فى in/concerning اولدكم awlādikum/children yours

thread is about correct allocation e.g. try with "son"
spouse, parents, and daughters guaranteed failure!

5/6 = 1/3 mother (411) + 1/2 husband (412)
1/6 left to father and daughters? (unsolvable!)

7/12 = 1/3 mother (411) + 1/4 wife (412)
5/12 left to father and daughters? (unsolvable!)

https//corpuscoranicum.de/handschriften/index/sure/6/vers/100?handschrift=281
one of the oldest manuscripts (University of Birmingham) Islamic Arabic 1572
carboned dated 568-645 CE, (95.4%)

https//i.postimg.cc/C1zjjpGG/ch6v97-110.jpg

Mazhar

quote from site "It signifies a son; translating it as "child" is erroneous it refers to human off-spring"

peace, above has numerous contradictions on inheritance and throughout the book, see example in context...

http//haqeeqat.pk/English%20Tafsir%20e%20Haqeeqat/00.Tabweeb%20Part%202/001.%20Roots%20originating%20in%20Surat%20002/2.083/14.gif Noun Indefinite; singular; masculine; nominative. It is the subject noun of deficient perfect verb. It signifies a son; translating it as "child" is erroneous it refers to human off-spring a son or daughter of human parents. It signifies a real son; translating it as "child" is erroneous because word child refers to a son or daughter of human parents.

This signifies that Allah the Exalted has inalienably apportioned One-Sixth out of heritage each for the living Mother and Father left by their deceased son if the deceased had a solitary son.

Mazhar

Part-IV Inheritance from deceased son to parents.

We have hitherto read initial part of Ayah 411 which is about the Mandatory allocation of fraction of heritage and its distribution between children of a Father or Mother who died leaving behind his or her Bequest, notwithstanding what statement of distribution of wealth it contained. It stands superseded in timeline to the extent as Allah the Exalted has inalienably allocated.
There can be a situation altogether different from the above. The Married Son of a surviving Mother and Father dies. His Father and Mother may or may not still be mutually husband and wife at the time of death of their son. They might have even separated during the life of their died Son. The Married Son of the Surviving Mother and Father may or may not have bereaved his own son

http//haqeeqat.pk/English%20Tafsir%20e%20Haqeeqat/00.Arabic%20Text/004.%20An%20Nisa/4.11p.gif

Take note; One-sixth of that which he (the deceased son) has left behind is allocated separately for each of his bereaved Father and Mother. This direction is to take effect if solitary son is surviving for him (the deceased son of living parents).

Please note the turn in the discourse. Here the deceased person is a married Son (or daughter) of a living Mother and Father.
Let us first syntactically analyse the first sentence

http//haqeeqat.pk/English%20Tafsir%20e%20Haqeeqat/00.%20Individual%20Ayaat/004.%20An%20Nisa/11%20f.gif

It is a Prepositional Phrase coupled with Possessive Phrase. It relates to the fronted elided predicate, which can be a verb or verbal noun, which is evidently understood by the preposition. Preposition denotes "for" indicating that something is directed at somebody, done to benefit somebody. Its object noun is definite by construct as the possessive pronoun is definite. The suffixed third person singular personal pronoun has no explicit antecedent for reference. A pronoun refers to one, clear, unmistakable antecedent noun. But it is explicit in the sentence as to who is referred by it, the person who has died leaving behind heritage and bereaved parents and a son. Succinctness in Qur?n has no parallel; a sentence of equal length is economized by inverting the sentence having a pronoun in the Subject that refers to person in the Predicate, which has no explicit antecedent. If the deceased was married daughter, this will mutatis mutandis apply.

http//haqeeqat.pk/Economics-Inheritance.htm

Noon_waalqalami

http//haqeeqat.pk/English%20Tafsir%20e%20Haqeeqat/00.Tabweeb%20Part%202/001.%20Roots%20originating%20in%20Surat%20002/2.083/14.gif Noun Indefinite; singular; masculine; nominative. It is the subject noun of deficient perfect verb. It signifies a son; translating it as "child" is erroneous it refers to human off-spring a son or daughter of human parents. It signifies a real son; translating it as "child" is erroneous because word child refers to a son or daughter of human parents.

This signifies that Allah the Exalted has inalienably apportioned One-Sixth out of heritage each for the living Mother and Father left by their deceased son if the deceased had a solitary son.

peace -- please open different thread on the meaning of ولد waladun/offspring/child not son!

again, read "in context" 6100-101 it is a clear contradiction to say it means "son" -- which is absurd!

it was asked of you to distribute spouse, parents, and daughters -- you cannot with "son" (unsolvable!)
again, asking you to distribute cases with no "son" erroneously translated by you which you can never solve!

411 فان so if لم not ىكن beeth له for him ولد offspring/child
412 ولكم and for you نصف half (1/2) ما what ترك left ازوجكم spouses yours ان if لم not ىكن beeth لهن for them (f/p) ولد offspring/child
412 ولهن and for them الربع the fourth (1/4) مما from what تركتم left you ان if لم not ىكن beeth لكم for you ولد offspring/child

Mazhar

peace -- please open different thread on the meaning of ولد waladun/offspring/child not son!

again, read "in context" 6100-101 it is a clear contradiction to say it means "son" -- which is absurd!

it was asked of you to distribute spouse, parents, and daughters -- you cannot with "son" (unsolvable!)
again, asking you to distribute cases with no "son" erroneously translated by you which you can never solve!

411 فان so if لم not ىكن beeth له for him ولد offspring/child
412 ولكم and for you نصف half (1/2) ما what ترك left ازوجكم spouses yours ان if لم not ىكن beeth لهن for them (f/p) ولد offspring/child
412 ولهن and for them الربع the fourth (1/4) مما from what تركتم left you ان if لم not ىكن beeth لكم for you ولد offspring/child

How could a son take existence for Him the Exalted while no consort has yet been alleged associated for Him the Exalted?

Verb is singular masculine and its Noun is singular masculine.

She (Mar'yam) interrupting their talk, reacted saying "O my Sustainer Lord! How would a son take birth for me in the circumstances when no man has touched me?"

However, if there were not a son surviving for him and his Father and Mother have inherited him, thereby, the One-Third is apportioned for his Mother.

Infinitely Glorious is He the Exalted that His recognition and approval is the focus of all effort. He the Exalted is above weakness that presence of a son might be a need for Him the Exalted.

You the Messenger pronounce "If there had been a son for Ar'Reh'maan the Exalted?

.4381

Thereby, I would have been the First of the allegiants?

Noon_waalqalami

أَنَّـىٰ يَكُونُ لَهُۥ وَلَـدٚ وَلَمْ تَكُنْ لَّهُۥ صَٟحِبَةٚۖ

How could a son take existence for Him the Exalted while no consort has yet been alleged associated for Him the Exalted?

again, contradicts the verse prior! "read in context" or post 6100?
6100-101 clear contradiction; does not rule out having daughters!

again, topic is on inheritance distributions in all cases can only have one unknown/variable.
again, apply erroneous meaning if no "son" to all cases you cannot solve simple stuff like

father + daughter - now have two unknowns/variables which you cannot solve!

basic logic IF "no son" THEN doesn't rule out having daughter/s! Try to solve it!

Mazhar

again, contradicts the verse prior! "read in context" or post 6100?
6100-101 clear contradiction; does not rule out having daughters!

again, topic is on inheritance distributions in all cases can only have one unknown/variable.
again, apply erroneous meaning if no "son" to all cases you cannot solve simple stuff like

father + daughter - now have two unknowns/variables which you cannot solve!

basic logic IF "no son" THEN doesn't rule out having daughter/s! Try to solve it!

Context can never convert a masculine noun into feminine and a feminine into masculine.

Check all the dictionaries of the world you will find it singular masculine.

However, you invent a new dictionary, that cant be checked.

Noon_waalqalami

Context can never convert a masculine noun into feminine and a feminine into masculine.

Check all the dictionaries of the world you will find it singular masculine.

However, you invent a new dictionary, that cant be checked.

my dear Mazhar that's pointless! again, distribute shares with daughter/s which you cannot!

father + daughter/s
mother + daughter/s
wife + daughter/s
husband + daughter/s

any and all combinations above which you cannot!

likewise translate 6100-101 "in context" and you refused!
likewise translate 2233 to see it means "child" NOT "son!"

ib'na/son!
waladun/offspring/child!

2233
and the mothers breastfeed they اولدهن awlādahunna/children theirs

بولدها biwaladihā/in (due to) child hers
بولده biwaladihi/in (due to) child his

that another breastfeed they of اولدكم awlādakum/children yours

peace!

Mazhar

my dear Mazhar that's pointless! again, distribute shares with daughter/s which you cannot!

father + daughter/s
mother + daughter/s
wife + daughter/s
husband + daughter/s

any and all combinations above which you cannot!

likewise translate 6100-101 "in context" and you refused!
likewise translate 2233 to see it means "child" NOT "son!"

ib'na/son!
waladun/offspring/child!

2233
and the mothers breastfeed they اولدهن awlādahunna/children theirs

بولدها biwaladihā/in (due to) child hers
بولده biwaladihi/in (due to) child his

that another breastfeed they of اولدكم awlādakum/children yours

peace!

Brother, you are not interested into looking the scheme given by Allah the Exalted.

Allah the Exalted has specifically covered such situations which are pregnant for abuse of man-dominance and injustice. In such situations, Allah the Exalted has exercised the Authority and Will to demarcate certain parts of the Inheritance, and permanently allocating it to specific relatives in preference to others. The old simple method of dividing into equal shares is adopted like equal parts into which a company's capital is divided these days. The unique feature of law of inheritance promulgated in Grand Qur?n is that Mankind's ever cherished notion of absolute preference to male offspring is inverted by declaring daughter/s, not son/s, the focus and theme of Inheritance.

Allah the Exalted has allocated inalienable shares for the bereaved relatives in the most simple method by categorizing the deceased in three mutually exclusive types

(i) Parents (Biological father and mother) leaving behind one daughter, or two daughters and son, or many daughters, daughter and son/sons, or more than one son. Parents leaving behind only one son are not in this category.

(ii) Deceased leaving behind alive parents, both mother and father; one son and spouse (wife/wives or husband). Or deceased leaving behind only parents (father and mother) and spouse, but without one son to grieve.

(iii) Deceased (man or woman) leaving behind only single alive parent or no parent, and no spouse, but leaving one son to grieve him. Or deceased leaving behind only single alive parent or no parent, no spouse, no son but leaving behind to grieve him one sister, or two sisters, or sister/s and brothers.

All the three deceased are distinct and exclude one and another. We will not find any other type of deceased in the world.

http//haqeeqat.pk/Economics-Inheritance.htm

Noon_waalqalami

^^^ until you figure out simple difference between ib'na/son and walad/offspring
likewise, to allocate parents and daughters should really stay away from this topic

want to bump summary for benefit of others perusing thread ...

Cairo, National Library qāf 47 one of oldest manuscripts 606-652 CE (95.4%)
https//corpuscoranicum.de/handschriften/index/sure/4/vers/12/handschrift/73

https//i.postimg.cc/Ssmjg41C/ch4v11-15.jpg

Berlin, State Library ms.or.fol. 4313 (i.e. same manuscript) 606-652 CE (95.4%)
https//corpuscoranicum.de/handschriften/index/sure/4/vers/176/handschrift/73

https//i.postimg.cc/qMtznSPs/ch4v172-ch5v2.jpg

https//i.postimg.cc/dQZ0cvL2/inheritance-4-11-and-4-176.jpg

http//oi64.tinypic.com/2rc38mg.jpg