Inheritance according to Qur?an
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In summary In verse 11, there is no spouse, while in verse 12, there is a spouse, verse 176 tells how to make a taksim when there are only brothers/sisters.
nope please stop spamming thread is long enough already
verses are only for reference not 6236 separate books.
https//www.academia.edu/39919602/Quran_Inheritance
peace!
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In summary In verse 11, there is no spouse, while in verse 12, there is a spouse, verse 176 tells how to make a taksim when there are only brothers/sisters.
I translated my article with the machine. But of course machine translation can make many mistakes, but you can generally understand what I am talking about in my article.
Resolution of Heritage Verses
Each of the heritage verses, Nisa 11, 12 and 176, actually offers separate formulas for individual situations. In fact, each sentence in these verses mentions a separate situation and formula in its own right...
When I was researching it online, I saw that there were people who noticed and said that these three verses gave separate formulas in them. But as I said, not only the verse, but also every sentence in the verses also mentions a different situation and sharing in its own right. Each sentence is a separate list of heirs and the proportions they will receive.
Whoever's mentioned in the sentence, they're the only heirs. So either they're alive, or they're still being inherited, even if they're others.
Therefore, in fact, there is no ratio to each other, common formula, hunting, as the sects practice. In Nisa 11, for example, "If there are more than two women, they own two-thirds of what the deceased leaves." is a separate formula alone (if only girls are heirs and more than two girls, this rate applies, or else it is not in other stylish and circumstances).
And so the stones are in place. In any case, it's enough. Not only is there increased inheritance in some cases, but there is also who will be given this increased amount in light of the verses. (E.g. Verse 8 of Nisa...)
Now let's write verses Nisa 11, 12, and 176 describing this heritage share and then provide an example of analysis through one
Nisa
411 God directs you regarding the inheritance of your children "To the male shall be as that given to two females. If they are women, more than two, then they will have two thirds of what is inherited. And if she is only one, then she will have one half. And to his parents, each one of them shall have one sixth of what is inherited, if he has a child. If he has no child and his parents are the heirs, then to his mother is one third; if he has siblings then to his mother is one sixth. All after a will is carried through or a debt. Your parents and your children, you do not know which are closer to you in benefit, a directive from God, for God is Knowledgeable, Wise."
412 And for you is half of what your wives leave behind if they have no child; but if they have a child then to you is one quarter of what they leave behind. All after a will is carried through or a debt. And to them is one quarter of what you leave behind if you have no child; but if you have a child then to them is one eighth of what you leave behind. All after a will is carried through or a debt. And if a man or a woman who is being inherited has no ascendants, but has a brother or a sister, then to each one of them is one sixth, but if they are more than this then they are to share in one third. All after a will is carried through or a debt, which does not cause harm. A directive from God, and God is Knowledgeable, Compassionate.
4176 They seek a ruling from you, say "God gives you the ruling for those who have no ascendants. If a person passes away and has no children but has a sister, then she shall receive half of what he leaves behind; and he will inherit from her if she has no child. However, if he has two sisters, then they will receive two thirds of what he left behind; and if he has siblings, men and women, then the male shall receive twice what the female receives." God makes clear to you that you do not stray; God is aware of all things.
As an example, let's open up the information given in verse 11.
I have said that each of these verses, let alone each sentence in them, offer separate formulas for different situations. Let's present his analysis
Nisa
- "Allah advises you regarding your children For the male, the share of two females."
That is, if the heirs consist of only children and there are both male and female children, male children will receive 2 units, while female ones will receive 1 unit.
Briefly, with an example, if there is 300 L. inheritance and a man and a woman have children, the male will receive 200 L. and the woman will receive 100 L.
"If they are more than two women, they have two-thirds of what the deceased left."
So if they only have daughters as inheritors and their number is more than two, they have two-thirds of the inheritance. Here I would like to draw your attention again; The desired here is for girls to receive two-thirds only and only in this case. Otherwise, there is no such share in other terms and conditions.
(By the way, considering the statement in verse 176, if the inheritors are 2 girls, these 2 people share two thirds).If we continue with the 300 L. example, they only have girls and if they are more than two, they share 200 liras among them.
"If the child is just a woman, he owns half the inheritance."
As stated in the continuation sentence in the verse, if the deceased left only a single daughter she could receive half of the inheritance.
Again, if we go over 300 Lira, 150 Lira means this one girl child.
"If the deceased has a child, he will have a sixth share for each of the parents as he left them behind."
We understand from this statement that this time the heir has left his parents behind as well as his children, and that's why they have a share (one sixth for each ...).
Of the 300 lira, 50 lira belongs to the mother, 50 lira to the father, and the remaining is the children.
"If the deceased has no children and his parents have inherited him, then his mother is one third."
In this sentence in Nisa 11 verse, it is mentioned that "only the mother and father are inheritors". So this time there are no children, only the parents of the deceased are inheritors (even if there are siblings or something left behind, they are not inheritors).
In this case, the mother received a third. Since the share rate is not given although the father is mentioned in the sentence, the remaining two thirds means your father.
In this case, the mother receives 100 Liras of 300 Liras, while the father receives 200 Liras.
"If he has siblings, his mother's share is one-sixth of what is left of his will and debt."
If the deceased has a mother but does not have a father and also has siblings, the share of the mother decreases to one in six. The rest are shared by the brothers. But let's repeat, if the father had also been the father, only the mother and father would have received the estate, and the siblings would not have their share ... (And as it is understood from the verses, if the deceased has a child, the siblings cannot get a share.)
Likewise, in verses 12 and 176, special cases and formulas are mentioned, sentence by sentence. For example, if the deceased left a spouse in verse 12, verse 176 tells how the division would be if only siblings / siblings left behind, and as I said, each sentence in these verses contains a list of heirs and a formula.
If you wish, let us briefly examine the verse 176 of Nisa in this context
4176 They seek a ruling from you, say "God gives you the ruling for those who have no ascendants. If a person passes away and has no children but has a sister, then she shall receive half of what he leaves behind; and he will inherit from her if she has no child. However, if he has two sisters, then they will receive two thirds of what he left behind; and if he has siblings, men and women, then the male shall receive twice what the female receives." God makes clear to you that you do not stray; God is aware of all things.
Here, too, "if only siblings are heirs", it is explained what the proportions are and of course, each sentence offers a separate list and a separate formulaIf the heir is only 1 sister, half of the inheritance,
If the heir is 1 brother, he takes all of the inheritance,
If 2 sisters are heirs, they get two-thirds,
If only the siblings are inheritors and they are men and women, that is, of both sexes, they share the entire estate as one (female) and two (male).By the way, we indirectly understand from these verses that if there are only many brothers left, these sisters will receive the entire inheritance, or if there are more than two sisters (referring to verse 11), these sisters will receive two-thirds of the inheritance (equally divided among themselves).
If you read verses 11 and 176 of Nisa one after the other, you will see that the rates given to boys and girls only when children are inheritors in verse 11 are exactly the same as those given to brothers and sisters when only brothers are inheritors in verse 176.
(Incidentally, let us state that the siblings mentioned in one sentence of Nisa 12 verse and the deceased's spouse are the heirs. But in this verse 176, "only brothers" are heirs.)
In summary In verse 11, there is no spouse, while in verse 12, there is a spouse, verse 176 tells how to make a taksim when there are only brothers/sisters.
And as it is known, what is essential is the testament according to the verses, and these rates are for the division of the remaining property after the will is fulfilled and the debts, if any, are paid.
As you can see, there are none of the problems such as insufficient inheritance or courtyard. The verses describe the sharing of heritage in a flawless manner. The important point here is to be able to see that each sentence gives a separate formula according to a separate list of heirs. In other words, each sentence in the verses gives a unique list of heirs and tells what the heirs will receive in this case.
While solving problems related to inheritance sharing, it is checked who the surviving heirs are, and the inheritance is divided by determining which sentence of the verses related to inheritance.
As an example, let's solve the question involving 3 famous girl heirs.
“A man dies and leaves behind a mother, a father, three daughters and a wife. How will the heritage be shared? ”.
Since both the spouse and the children are inheritors here, the fourth sentence of Nisa 12 verse describes the relevant section (each sentence of this verse describes what should be done if there is a surviving spouse)
". And to them is one quarter of what you leave behind if you have no child; but if you have a child then to them is one eighth of what you leave behind"
According to this sentence, if the man leaves his wife behind and has children, only these people can be inheritors. His wife gets one eighth of the estate, and the children get seven eight . Even if the deceased has a mother, father or siblings, he cannot get a share in this case.
As I said, each sentence gives a separate heir list and formula, and as you can see, inheritance is always enough.
Increasing inheritance is in question only in some cases, again, as I mentioned at the beginning of my article, there are verses containing signs that show who this increased heritage can be given ... For example
48 And if the distribution is attended by the relatives and the orphans and the needy, then you shall give them part of it and say to them a kind saying.
http//emre1974tr.blogspot.com/2014/08/miras-ayetlerinin-cozumu.html
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Peace Novice
Thank you, good I'm not alone perhaps you can teach others.
I've uploaded an updated version with a more clearer format.https//www.academia.edu/39919602/Quran_Inheritance
Peace Brother Noon
Thanks for the link. I have been raising the questions as per your article and found a lots of interest in people who want to learn the truth. Stay blessed.
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Peace Brother Noon
يُوصِيكُمُ ٱللَّهُ فِىٓ أَوۡلَـٰدِڪُمۡۖ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثۡلُ حَظِّ ٱلۡأُنثَيَيۡنِۚ فَإِن كُنَّ نِسَآءً۬ فَوۡقَ ٱثۡنَتَيۡنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَۖ وَإِن كَانَتۡ وَٲحِدَةً۬ فَلَهَا ٱلنِّصۡفُۚ وَلِأَبَوَيۡهِ لِكُلِّ وَٲحِدٍ۬ مِّنۡہُمَا ٱلسُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ إِن كَانَ لَهُ ۥ وَلَدٌ۬ۚ فَإِن لَّمۡ يَكُن لَّهُ ۥ وَلَدٌ۬ وَوَرِثَهُ ۥۤ أَبَوَاهُ فَلِأُمِّهِ ٱلثُّلُثُۚ فَإِن كَانَ لَهُ ۥۤ إِخۡوَةٌ۬ فَلِأُمِّهِ ٱلسُّدُسُۚ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ وَصِيَّةٍ۬ يُوصِى بِہَآ أَوۡ دَيۡنٍۗ ءَابَآؤُكُمۡ وَأَبۡنَآؤُكُمۡ لَا تَدۡرُونَ أَيُّهُمۡ أَقۡرَبُ لَكُمۡ نَفۡعً۬اۚ فَرِيضَةً۬ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمً۬ا (١١)]
Why "MA" and "MIMMA" are used in 411
Please help understanding it.
Thank you
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Peace Brother Noon
يُوصِيكُمُ ٱللَّهُ فِىٓ أَوۡلَـٰدِڪُمۡۖ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثۡلُ حَظِّ ٱلۡأُنثَيَيۡنِۚ فَإِن كُنَّ نِسَآءً۬ فَوۡقَ ٱثۡنَتَيۡنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَۖ وَإِن كَانَتۡ وَٲحِدَةً۬ فَلَهَا ٱلنِّصۡفُۚ وَلِأَبَوَيۡهِ لِكُلِّ وَٲحِدٍ۬ مِّنۡہُمَا ٱلسُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ إِن كَانَ لَهُ ۥ وَلَدٌ۬ۚ فَإِن لَّمۡ يَكُن لَّهُ ۥ وَلَدٌ۬ وَوَرِثَهُ ۥۤ أَبَوَاهُ فَلِأُمِّهِ ٱلثُّلُثُۚ فَإِن كَانَ لَهُ ۥۤ إِخۡوَةٌ۬ فَلِأُمِّهِ ٱلسُّدُسُۚ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ وَصِيَّةٍ۬ يُوصِى بِہَآ أَوۡ دَيۡنٍۗ ءَابَآؤُكُمۡ وَأَبۡنَآؤُكُمۡ لَا تَدۡرُونَ أَيُّهُمۡ أَقۡرَبُ لَكُمۡ نَفۡعً۬اۚ فَرِيضَةً۬ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمً۬ا (١١)]
Why "MA" and "MIMMA" are used in 411
Please help understanding it.
Thank you
peace Novice,
like "please excuse my dear aunt sally" order of operations in a math equation parentheses, exponents, multiplication, division, addition, subtraction (tells what to do first). It's important to remember any sole inheritor/s daughter/s, son/s, etc., get the whole.if two or more classes need to ensure who gets paid first
e.g., parent 1/6 مما mimma/from what ترك left ان if كان be له for him (said person) ولد offspring1/6 parent fixed payoff taken "from what left" i.e., the whole, 5/6 remainder
five daughters and son فلهن so for them ثلثا third dual (2/3) ما ma/what ترك left
5/9 (2/3*5/6) five daughters (1/9 each) NOT 2/3 taken from the whole
5/18 son (remainder/unstated always variable)examples no offspring 412
ولكم and for you (pl.) نصف half ما ma/what ترك left ازوجكم spouses yours (pl.)
ولهن and for them (pl.) الربع the fourth مما mimma/from what تركتم left you (pl.)father unstated (only one variable allowed), mother 1/3 (411)
1/3 mother fixed pay off taken from the whole
1/4 wife fixed pay off taken "from what left" i.e., the whole
5/12 father (remainder)
NOT payoff wife 1/4 then take 3/4 remainder give father twice as to mother1/3 mother fixed pay off taken from the whole, 2/3 remainder
1/3 husband "what left" of 2/3 remainder (1/2*2/3 = 1/3)
1/3 father (remainder)
NOT payoff husband 1/2 then take 1/2 give father twice as to motherthat’s case if parents are alone 1/3 mother and 2/3 father (remainder)
all examples are here https//www.academia.edu/39919602/Quran_Inheritance
peace!
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Peace Brother Noon
يُوصِيكُمُ ٱللَّهُ فِىٓ أَوۡلَـٰدِڪُمۡۖ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثۡلُ حَظِّ ٱلۡأُنثَيَيۡنِۚ فَإِن كُنَّ نِسَآءً۬ فَوۡقَ ٱثۡنَتَيۡنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَۖ وَإِن كَانَتۡ وَٲحِدَةً۬ فَلَهَا ٱلنِّصۡفُۚ وَلِأَبَوَيۡهِ لِكُلِّ وَٲحِدٍ۬ مِّنۡہُمَا ٱلسُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ إِن كَانَ لَهُ ۥ وَلَدٌ۬ۚ فَإِن لَّمۡ يَكُن لَّهُ ۥ وَلَدٌ۬ وَوَرِثَهُ ۥۤ أَبَوَاهُ فَلِأُمِّهِ ٱلثُّلُثُۚ فَإِن كَانَ لَهُ ۥۤ إِخۡوَةٌ۬ فَلِأُمِّهِ ٱلسُّدُسُۚ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ وَصِيَّةٍ۬ يُوصِى بِہَآ أَوۡ دَيۡنٍۗ ءَابَآؤُكُمۡ وَأَبۡنَآؤُكُمۡ لَا تَدۡرُونَ أَيُّهُمۡ أَقۡرَبُ لَكُمۡ نَفۡعً۬اۚ فَرِيضَةً۬ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمً۬ا (١١)]
Why "MA" and "MIMMA" are used in 411
Please help understanding it.
Thank you
ثُلُثَا مَا It is Possessive Phrase; dual with Noon dropped for Possessive Phrase; nominative; denotes two third; and second is Relative Pronoun. And its relative clause is sentence تَرَكَ Verb Perfect; third person; singular; masculine; Subject pronoun hidden; مصدر-تَرْكٌ Verbal Noun. Its object is elided (العائد محذوف أي تركه). The subject is obviously the deceased father.
In the next sentence both the deceased and beneficiaries are different set of people.
وَلِأَبَوَيْهِ لِـكُلِّ وَٟحِدٛ مِّنْـهُـمَا ٱلسُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ إِن كَانَ لَهُۥ وَلَـدٚۚ
The third person singular masculine pronoun and the subject pronoun of تَرَكَ is the deceased son. Here parents of deceased son are prioritized and allocated the share, for which Prepositional Phrase مِمَّا is used. And it is subject to the ground situation that the deceased has also left a son.
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وَلِأَبَوَيْهِ لِـكُلِّ وَٟحِدٛ مِّنْـهُـمَا ٱلسُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ إِن كَانَ لَهُۥ وَلَـدٚۚ
It is an inverted nominal sentence, with a condition tagged.وَ Conjunction particle . It is a coordinator that links to element in the preceding discourse.
لِأَبَوَيْهِ It is a Prepositional Phrase coupled with Possessive Phrase. It relates to the fronted elided predicate, which can be a verb or verbal noun, which is evidently understood by the preposition. Preposition denotes "for" indicating that something is directed at somebody, done to benefit somebody. Its object noun is definite by construct as the possessive pronoun is definite. The suffixed third person singular personal pronoun has no explicit antecedent for reference. A pronoun refers to one, clear, unmistakable antecedent noun. But it is explicit in the sentence as to who is referred by it, the person who has died leaving behind heritage and bereaved parents and a son. Succinctness in Qur’ān has no parallel; a sentence of equal length is economized by inverting the sentence having a pronoun in the Subject that refers to person in the Predicate, which has no explicit antecedent. If the deceased was married daughter, this will mutatis mutandis apply.
لِـكُلِّ وَٟحِدٛ It is a Prepositional Phrase coupled with Possessive Phrase. It is Equivalent Appositive to the preceding two phrases. "The Equivalent Appositive is a word which has attributed to it whatever is attributed to its principle while the subordinate is intended for the attribution not its principle". It resembles to English language "restrictive appositive" when the second element limits or clarifies the foregoing one in some crucial way. These phrases mean "for each one".
مِّنْـهُـمَا It is a Prepositional Phrase relating to elided specification for the preceding indefinite cardinal noun. This clause takes care of a situation where the father and mother of the deceased Man might be in a separated state-Matrimonial Bond broken, or even his Mother had become during his life the wife of a man other than his Father. The right of some such Mothers could be in jeopardy if it were left to the Will of deceased son.
ٱلسُّدُسُ It is definite ordinal number, meaning "the one-sixth". This is the delayed subject of the nominal sentence.
مِمَّا- It is a Prepositional Phrase comprising of preposition and its object is Relative pronoun with "ن" having been assimilated. It relates to the preceding subject of the sentence; "one-sixth of that which"
تَرَكَ. It is verbal sentence Perfect Verb, third person; singular; Masculine, subject pronoun hidden with elided Object linking to the Relative Pronoun. It means that One-Sixth is drawn from the heritage which he has left behind.
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... تَرَكَ ...The subject is obviously the deceased father.
تَرَكَ is the deceased son. ...
... that the deceased has also left a son.peace, to interpret as "son" you're ascribing as pagans not ruling out daughters
6100 and attribute they of to him sons and daughters in other than knowledge
6101 originator the skies and the land how being to him walad (male/female)5319-20 l-lata (the idol/goddess) wal-uzā wamanata
لِأَبَوَيْهِ ... the person who has died leaving behind heritage and bereaved parents and a son. ...
تَرَكَ. ... It means that One-Sixth is drawn from the heritage which he has left behind.
no, not "he has left" and their spouses where not other men laugh
411 so for them (f/pl.) third dual (2/3) what تَرَكَ "left"
412 and for you half what تَرَكَ "left" spouses yours -
peace, to interpret as "son" you're ascribing as pagans not ruling out daughters
6100 and attribute they of to him sons and daughters in other than knowledge
6101 originator the skies and the land how being to him walad (male/female)5319-20 l-lata (the idol/goddess) wal-uzā wamanata
no, not "he has left" and their spouses where not other men laugh
411 so for them (f/pl.) third dual (2/3) what تَرَكَ "left"
412 and for you half what تَرَكَ "left" spouses yoursتَرَكَ It is not a noun but a verbal sentence. Verb has the subject. It is not verbal noun تَرْك
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تَرَكَ It is not a noun but a verbal sentence. Verb has the subject. It is not verbal noun تَرْك
are these not the same word?
47 to the menfolk share from what تَرَكَ left the parents
and for the womenfolk share from what تَرَكَ left the parents411 third dual (2/3) what تَرَكَ left
the sixth from what تَرَكَ left412 half what تَرَكَ left spouses yours
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are these not the same word?
47 to the menfolk share from what تَرَكَ left the parents
and for the womenfolk share from what تَرَكَ left the parents411 third dual (2/3) what تَرَكَ left
the sixth from what تَرَكَ left412 half what تَرَكَ left spouses yours
47 تَرَكَ ٱلْوَٟلِدَانِ وَٱلۡأَقْرَبُونَ Subject of the verb is mentioned.
411 تَرَكَ Subject is not mentioned. It is inherent in it. Third person singular masculine.
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يُوصِيكُـمُ ٱللَّهُ فِـىٓ أَوْلَٟدِكُمْ
For whom is the pronoun referent? Obviously the parents which is obvious by Aulaad.
What normally people seldom care is to determine the sentence by structure and meaning.
Similarly little care is taken to determine the function of conjunction Waw.
وَلِأَبَوَيْهِ Waw conjuncts to which preceding element?
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411 تَرَكَ Subject is not mentioned. It is inherent in it. Third person singular masculine.
يُوصِيكُـمُ ٱللَّهُ فِـىٓ أَوْلَٟدِكُمْ
For whom is the pronoun referent? Obviously the parents which is obvious by Aulaad.
care to give us distributions if woman died? (36 gold coins)
A. case if her awlādikum are 3 sons
B. case if her awlādikum are 3 daughters
likewise her parents and husband are present
https//www.academia.edu/39919602/Quran_Inheritance
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care to give us distributions if woman died? (360 gold coins)
if her awlādikum are 3 daughters and 1 son
if her awlādikum are 1 daughter and 3 sons
likewise her parents and husband are present
https//www.academia.edu/39919602/Quran_Inheritance
First is to understand what is stated in the original text.
https//haqeeqat.pk/English%20Tafsir%20e%20Haqeeqat/00.Arabic%20Text/004.%20An%20Nisa/4.11k.gifIt is 26. Inheritance from deceased parents to offspring Allah the Exalted relates the discourse of Inheritance to the Offspring (children) of the parents. It is specific parents to offspring and not vice versa.
It is not about inheritance for the parents. That is covered by another clause conjunct,
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First is to understand what is stated in the original text.
https//haqeeqat.pk/English%20Tafsir%20e%20Haqeeqat/00.Arabic%20Text/004.%20An%20Nisa/4.11k.gifIt is 26. Inheritance from deceased parents to offspring Allah the Exalted relates the discourse of Inheritance to the Offspring (children) of the parents. It is specific parents to offspring and not vice versa.
It is not about inheritance for the parents. That is covered by another clause conjunct,
we know exactly what is says -- can you distribute it is basic math? if woman died? (36 gold coins)
A. case if her awlādikum are 3 sons
B. case if her awlādikum are 3 daughters
likewise her parents and husband are present
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we know exactly what is says -- can you distribute it is basic math? if woman died? (36 gold coins)
A. case if her awlādikum are 3 sons
B. case if her awlādikum are 3 daughters
likewise her parents and husband are present
In both cases two third inheritance is their share with sharing formula of equivalent of share of two females is for a male.
The remaining one third according to the bequeath of the deceased made for parents and near-ones.
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https//haqeeqat.pk/English%20Tafsir%20e%20Haqeeqat/00.Arabic%20Text/004.%20An%20Nisa/4.11m.gif
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The Man-dominance notion engulfing the intellect quite often blurs the sight to even watch the words of the text. "Reading" signifies the process of identifying the characters and words, and their relationships to understand the meanings in written text. The object of reading is to reduce the spread text to a "focal-gathered spot" yielding "thought-perception" infolded therein. Arabic is the Mother of Languages and its words are mostly picturesque depicting that which needs to be defined in other languages. The word for reading a written text in Arabic are made from Root ق ر ء which signifies gathering a thing at one point, thus changing the spread position of a thing into a collective unit. It is for this reason that we need first to understand Arabic to enable ourselves to "read" its text.
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The above sentence is an Inverted Nominal Sentence. The natural ordering in a nominal sentence is for the topic to be first and the comment to be second. Subject is the entity about which its predicate (خبر) is enunciation or announcement. But the grammarians say that this structure may be inverted to achieve rhetorical benefit; and that there are a few situations in which inverting the structure is prohibited, and there are others in which inverting the structure actually becomes mandatory. One such reason for mandatory inversion is when the topic has a pronoun that refers to the comment (or part of it). Obviously, it is the intent of communication that necessitates the mandatory inversion.
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The delayed topic/subject (مبتدأ مؤخر) of sentence is مِثْلُ which is otherwise an indefinite noun. As a rule, the subject is a definite noun. However it can be the subject if it is somewhat specific either by adjective or being possessive phrase as is the case here. Subject has two successive phrases مِثْلُ حَظِّ ٱلۡأُنْثَيَيْـنِ rendering it somewhat specific; meaning "the equivalence of allocation of two females".
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The noun مِثْلُ means similar to, like that, comparable to, equal to, parallel to, analogous, equivalent to. Thus it falls in the semantic domain of comparative evaluation. This reveals why it was mandatory to invert the organization of sentence to rheme-theme. The profiled item as subject is grammatically more prominent one of the items that are compared.
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The first construct noun/verbal noun حَظِّ stems from Root ح ظ ظ which signifies allocation, quota, allowance, fortune; and bestow upon, confer upon considerably; thereby it is said so and so gained fortune from so and so and he is happy, fortunate, lucky.
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The possessive noun ٱلۡأُنْثَيَيْـنِ is a gender noun meaning two females stemming from Root ء ن ث which signifies feminine gender of an object; biological and grammatical gender are the same.
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It is thus evident that the Subject of sentence is not the two females but it is the equivalence of allocation - their fortune. While translating it in target language it must be retained as Subject, failing which the tone of source text will be compromised.
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The Predicate of the sentence is elided since it is explicit from the Prepositional Phrase لِلذَّكَرِ . The predicate/خبر of a nominal sentence can be indicated through a prepositional phrase, resembling like a sentence called but it is not a sentence. The learned grammarians lay the principle that a prepositional phrase is neither the Subject nor the predicate of a nominal sentence. Therefore, a verb - verbal noun is estimated before this phrase.
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Prefixed Preposition لِ in this Phrase is for الاختصاص i.e. specifying something exclusively laid, attributed to, right for, meant for its object Noun the male. Thereby, the predicate means that the subject shall become the measure - analogous (مَثيلُ-مُمَاثِل نَظِيرُ) for the male.
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مِثْلُ حَظِّ ٱلۡأُنْثَيَيْـنِ The definite article prefixed to both the nouns ٱلۡأُنْثَيَيْـنِ and لِلذَّكَرِ indicates the presence of two daughters and one son in the offspring of the deceased. Since it is dependent clause of the topic sentence, thereby, the group amongst whom the equation is prescribed is elided فِـىٓ أَوْلَٟدِكُمْ "in your children".
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The allocation-formula in such ground reality - cases of grouped offspring is given. The allocation for two females is declared the standard measure; the fortune-share in the wealth about to be allocated for offspring will be distributed amongst them in the ration equal the fortune of two females (two unit shares) will form the measure for the male (two unit shares). Thereby, what is allocated for the two females/daughters in the Estate will be divided in four equal parts if there are two daughters and one son; one each for a daughter and two for the son. Like wise, if there is one daughter and two sons, the allocation will be divided in five equal parts; and so on.
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It is thus evident that the daughters and not the son is the focus around which the discourse of inheritance revolves. A rule or principle is laid down that the equivalent of allocation for the two females shall be the measure for the Male and also the respective fortune in the allocation in the ratio of one to two shares. Thereby, entire أَوْلَٟدِ Offspring are covered irrespective of their number and composition. But this sentence does not indicate the part of wealth allocated for two females. It is mentioned in the following dependent sentence conjunct with preceding sentence by particle "fa" which signifies sequence, cause and effect.
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^^^ why you wrote all that there's like 1000 contradictions?
In both cases two third inheritance is their share with sharing formula of equivalent of share of two females is for a male.
411 to the male similitude apportion the females two (applies exactly two females!)
e.g., cannot use above to solve 1 male and 1 female since TWO need to be present!If 3+ daughters next sentence kicks in
so if are (f/pl.) womenfolk above two so for them (f/pl.) third dual (2/3) what leftIf one (daughter) next sentence kicks in
and if be she one (f) so for her the half (1/2)likewise any lone heir/s e.g., sons or daughters inherit everything!
example case woman (108 gold coins inheritance)
her awlādikum
1 son from 1st marriage
2 daughters 2nd marriage
1 adopted orphan girl heir (she raised her since baby)husband 3rd marriage
parents are still alivemother 1/6 (fixed) "from what" left (1081/6 = 18 gold coins)
father 1/6 (fixed) "from what" left (1081/6 = 18 gold coins)
husband 1/4 (fixed) "from what" left (108*1/4 = 27 gold coins)108 - (18+18+27) = 45 coins what left distributed to her awlādikum
3 girls (variable) "what" left 45*2/3 = 30 coins (10 for each girl)
1 son gets the remaining = 15 gold coins (1.5x amount each girl)in cases of 1 female and 1 male (or any 11 ratio) they share equally
https//www.academia.edu/39919602/Quran_Inheritance
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^^^ why you wrote all that there's like 1000 contradictions?
411 to the male similitude apportion the females two (applies exactly two females!)
e.g., cannot use above to solve 1 male and 1 female since TWO need to be present!If 3+ daughters next sentence kicks in
so if are (f/pl.) womenfolk above two so for them (f/pl.) third dual (2/3) what leftIf one (daughter) next sentence kicks in
and if be she one (f) so for her the half (1/2)It has absolutely no relevance to what is said in Qur'an.
likewise any lone heir/s e.g., sons or daughters inherit everything!
example case woman (108 gold coins inheritance)
her awlādikum
1 son from 1st marriage
2 daughters 2nd marriage
1 adopted orphan girl heir (she raised her since baby)husband 3rd marriage
parents are still alivemother 1/6 (fixed) "from what" left (1081/6 = 18 gold coins)
father 1/6 (fixed) "from what" left (1081/6 = 18 gold coins)
husband 1/4 (fixed) "from what" left (108*1/4 = 27 gold coins)108 - (18+18+27) = 45 coins what left distributed to her awlādikum
3 girls (variable) "what" left 45*2/3 = 30 coins (10 for each girl)
1 son gets the remaining = 15 gold coins (1.5x amount each girl)in cases of 1 female and 1 male (or any 11 ratio) they share equally
https//www.academia.edu/39919602/Quran_Inheritance
It has absolutely no relevance to what is said in Qur'an.
