Inheritance according to Qur?an
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In summary In verse 11, there is no spouse, while in verse 12, there is a spouse, verse 176 tells how to make a taksim when there are only siblings of the deceased
The division of inheritance realised by Allah is so simple and perfect.
I translated my article with the machine. But of course machine translation can make many mistakes, but you can generally understand what I am talking about in my article.
Resolution of Heritage Verses
Each of the heritage verses, Nisa 11, 12 and 176, actually offers separate formulas for individual situations. In fact, each sentence in these verses mentions a separate situation and formula in its own right...
When I was researching it online, I saw that there were people who noticed and said that these three verses gave separate formulas in them. But as I said, not only the verse, but also every sentence in the verses also mentions a different situation and sharing in its own right. Each sentence is a separate list of heirs and the proportions they will receive.
Whoever's mentioned in the sentence, they're the only heirs. So either they're alive, or they're still being inherited, even if they're others.
Therefore, in fact, there is no ratio to each other, common formula, hunting, as the sects practice. In Nisa 11, for example, "If there are more than two women, they own two-thirds of what the deceased leaves." is a separate formula alone (if only girls are heirs and more than two girls, this rate applies, or else it is not in other stylish and circumstances).
And so the stones are in place. In any case, it's enough. Not only is there increased inheritance in some cases, but there is also who will be given this increased amount in light of the verses. (E.g. Verse 8 of Nisa...)
Now let's write verses Nisa 11, 12, and 176 describing this heritage share and then provide an example of analysis through one
Nisa
411 God directs you regarding the inheritance of your children "To the male shall be as that given to two females. If they are women, more than two, then they will have two thirds of what is inherited. And if she is only one, then she will have one half. And to his parents, each one of them shall have one sixth of what is inherited, if he has a child. If he has no child and his parents are the heirs, then to his mother is one third; if he has siblings then to his mother is one sixth. All after a will is carried through or a debt. Your parents and your children, you do not know which are closer to you in benefit, a directive from God, for God is Knowledgeable, Wise."
412 And for you is half of what your wives leave behind if they have no child; but if they have a child then to you is one quarter of what they leave behind. All after a will is carried through or a debt. And to them is one quarter of what you leave behind if you have no child; but if you have a child then to them is one eighth of what you leave behind. All after a will is carried through or a debt. And if a man or a woman who is being inherited has no ascendants, but has a brother or a sister, then to each one of them is one sixth, but if they are more than this then they are to share in one third. All after a will is carried through or a debt, which does not cause harm. A directive from God, and God is Knowledgeable, Compassionate.
4176 They seek a ruling from you, say "God gives you the ruling for those who have no ascendants. If a person passes away and has no children but has a sister, then she shall receive half of what he leaves behind; and he will inherit from her if she has no child. However, if he has two sisters, then they will receive two thirds of what he left behind; and if he has siblings, men and women, then the male shall receive twice what the female receives." God makes clear to you that you do not stray; God is aware of all things.
As an example, let's open up the information given in verse 11.
I have said that each of these verses, let alone each sentence in them, offer separate formulas for different situations. Let's present his analysis
Nisa
- "Allah advises you regarding your children For the male, the share of two females."
That is, if the heirs consist of only children and there are both male and female children, male children will receive 2 units, while female ones will receive 1 unit.
Briefly, with an example, if there is 300 L. inheritance and a man and a woman have children, the male will receive 200 L. and the woman will receive 100 L.
"If they are more than two women, they have two-thirds of what the deceased left."
So if they only have daughters as inheritors and their number is more than two, they have two-thirds of the inheritance. Here I would like to draw your attention again; The desired here is for girls to receive two-thirds only and only in this case. Otherwise, there is no such share in other terms and conditions.
(By the way, considering the statement in verse 176, if the inheritors are 2 girls, these 2 people share two thirds).If we continue with the 300 L. example, they only have girls and if they are more than two, they share 200 liras among them.
"If the child is just a woman, he owns half the inheritance."
As stated in the continuation sentence in the verse, if the deceased left only a single daughter she could receive half of the inheritance.
Again, if we go over 300 Lira, 150 Lira means this one girl child.
"If the deceased has a child, he will have a sixth share for each of the parents as he left them behind."
We understand from this statement that this time the heir has left his parents behind as well as his children, and that's why they have a share (one sixth for each ...).
Of the 300 lira, 50 lira belongs to the mother, 50 lira to the father, and the remaining is the children.
"If the deceased has no children and his parents have inherited him, then his mother is one third."
In this sentence in Nisa 11 verse, it is mentioned that "only the mother and father are inheritors". So this time there are no children, only the parents of the deceased are inheritors (even if there are siblings or something left behind, they are not inheritors).
In this case, the mother received a third. Since the share rate is not given although the father is mentioned in the sentence, the remaining two thirds means your father.
In this case, the mother receives 100 Liras of 300 Liras, while the father receives 200 Liras.
"If he has siblings, his mother's share is one-sixth of what is left of his will and debt."
If the deceased has a mother but does not have a father and also has siblings, the share of the mother decreases to one in six. The rest are shared by the brothers. But let's repeat, if the father had also been the father, only the mother and father would have received the estate, and the siblings would not have their share ... (And as it is understood from the verses, if the deceased has a child, the siblings cannot get a share.)
Likewise, in verses 12 and 176, special cases and formulas are mentioned, sentence by sentence. For example, if the deceased left a spouse in verse 12, verse 176 tells how the division would be if only siblings / siblings left behind, and as I said, each sentence in these verses contains a list of heirs and a formula.
If you wish, let us briefly examine the verse 176 of Nisa in this context
4176 They seek a ruling from you, say "God gives you the ruling for those who have no ascendants. If a person passes away and has no children but has a sister, then she shall receive half of what he leaves behind; and he will inherit from her if she has no child. However, if he has two sisters, then they will receive two thirds of what he left behind; and if he has siblings, men and women, then the male shall receive twice what the female receives." God makes clear to you that you do not stray; God is aware of all things.
Here, too, "if only siblings are heirs", it is explained what the proportions are and of course, each sentence offers a separate list and a separate formulaIf the heir is only 1 sister, half of the inheritance,
If the heir is 1 brother, he takes all of the inheritance,
If 2 sisters are heirs, they get two-thirds,
If only the siblings are inheritors and they are men and women, that is, of both sexes, they share the entire estate as one (female) and two (male).By the way, we indirectly understand from these verses that if there are only many brothers left, these sisters will receive the entire inheritance, or if there are more than two sisters (referring to verse 11), these sisters will receive two-thirds of the inheritance (equally divided among themselves).
If you read verses 11 and 176 of Nisa one after the other, you will see that the rates given to boys and girls only when children are inheritors in verse 11 are exactly the same as those given to brothers and sisters when only brothers are inheritors in verse 176.
(Incidentally, let us state that the siblings mentioned in one sentence of Nisa 12 verse and the deceased's spouse are the heirs. But in this verse 176, "only brothers" are heirs.)
In summary In verse 11, there is no spouse, while in verse 12, there is a spouse, verse 176 tells how to make a taksim when there are only brothers/sisters.
And as it is known, what is essential is the testament according to the verses, and these rates are for the division of the remaining property after the will is fulfilled and the debts, if any, are paid.
As you can see, there are none of the problems such as insufficient inheritance or courtyard. The verses describe the sharing of heritage in a flawless manner. The important point here is to be able to see that each sentence gives a separate formula according to a separate list of heirs. In other words, each sentence in the verses gives a unique list of heirs and tells what the heirs will receive in this case.
While solving problems related to inheritance sharing, it is checked who the surviving heirs are, and the inheritance is divided by determining which sentence of the verses related to inheritance.
As an example, let's solve the question involving 3 famous girl heirs.
“A man dies and leaves behind a mother, a father, three daughters and a wife. How will the heritage be shared? ”.
Since both the spouse and the children are inheritors here, the fourth sentence of Nisa 12 verse describes the relevant section (each sentence of this verse describes what should be done if there is a surviving spouse)
". And to them is one quarter of what you leave behind if you have no child; but if you have a child then to them is one eighth of what you leave behind"
According to this sentence, if the man leaves his wife behind and has children, only these people can be inheritors. His wife gets one eighth of the estate, and the children get seven eight . Even if the deceased has a mother, father or siblings, he cannot get a share in this case.
As I said, each sentence gives a separate heir list and formula, and as you can see, inheritance is always enough.
Increasing inheritance is in question only in some cases, again, as I mentioned at the beginning of my article, there are verses containing signs that show who this increased heritage can be given ... For example
48 And if the distribution is attended by the relatives and the orphans and the needy, then you shall give them part of it and say to them a kind saying.
http//emre1974tr.blogspot.com/2014/08/miras-ayetlerinin-cozumu.html
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Hello, I explained in my article, each of the 3 verses regarding the division of inheritance requests different lists of creditors and different rates for 3 different situations.
Thanks for that. I'm interpreting the 3 verses as the abrogation of Numbers 278-11. For the Torah the beneficiaries would have priority as sons, then daughters, then brethren, then father's brethren, then kinsmen.
And thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel, saying, If a man die, and have no son, then ye shall cause his inheritance to pass unto his daughter.
And if he have no daughter, then ye shall give his inheritance unto his brethren.
And if he have no brethren, then ye shall give his inheritance unto his father's brethren.
And if his father have no brethren, then ye shall give his inheritance unto his kinsman that is next to him of his family, and he shall possess it and it shall be unto the children of Israel a statute of judgment, as the LORD commanded Moses.
Numbers 278-11For the Quran the beneficiaries would be
verse 11
1 if only one child 1/2 to children, 1/6 to each parent
2 if two or more children 2/3 to children, 1/6 to each parent
3 if no children
3.1 if no siblings mother 1/3
3.2 if any siblings mother 1/6verse 12
4 if no children 1/2 to husband or 1/4 to wife
4.1 if no parents and no more than one brother or sister 1/6 to brother and 1/6 to sister
4.2 if no parents and two sisters or two brothers
5 if children 1/4 to husband or 1/8 to wifeverse 176
6 if no children or parents
6.1 only one sibling 1/2 to siblings
6.2 two or more siblings 2/3 to siblingsPriority matters because if a wife dies and she had two parents and two children then the shares would be
2/3 to children
1/6 to father
1/6 to mother1/4 to husband (not fulfilled because children and parents have priority)
Please let me know if you think any of the rules are misinterpreted.
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Salaam,
2/3 is from Hadith.
https//sunnah.com/nasai3626
It was narrated from 'Amir bin Sa'd that his father said
"I became ill with a sickness from which I later recovered. The Messenger of Allah came to visit me, and I said 'O Messenger of Allah, I have a great deal of wealth and I have no heir except my daughter. Shall I give two-thirds of my wealth in charity?' He said 'No.' I said 'Half?' He said 'No.' I said 'One-third?' He said '(Give) one-third, and one-third is a lot. It is better to leave your heirs independent of means, than to leave them poor and holding out their hands to people.'"
Hence, 2/3 remainder went to the daughter. Any sole inheritor gets the whole amount. Clearly, "from after a will or debt."
Likewise, don't mind those who deny the parents any shares if a spouse is present and don't know who gets the remainder for hundreds of cases.
Thank you.
I would expect that parents would get a share before a spouse because the abrogated law from Numbers 27 shows that there is an order of priority.
Using your example from the Hadith, but with a wife, the remaining 3/8 would be discretionary, right?
1/2 daughter
1/8 wife
3/8 discretionary -
In summary In verse 11, there is no spouse, while in verse 12, there is a spouse, verse 176 tells how to make a taksim when there are only siblings .of the deceased
The division of inheritance realised by Allah is so simple and perfect.
I think you are interpreting the verses as exclusive. If the verses are interpreted as exclusive, then in the case where there were only sisters who were beneficiaries the debts and bequests would not be paid.
I think that it is appropriate to interpret them as being consistent with each other. If the verses are interpreted as consistent, then debts and non-prejudical bequests are always paid first, before any shares are paid.
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Numbers 278-11
Interesting on Torah need to check Hebrew.
quote author=Theo link=msg=443291 date=1710294697
For the Quran the beneficiaries would be
verse 11
1 if only one child 1/2 to children, 1/6 to each parentNo 1/2 to daughter, 1/2 remainder to son
Yes 1/6 to parent, 5/6 remainder to children2 if two or more children 2/3 to children, 1/6 to each parent
No 2/3 to three+ daughters, 1/3 remainder to son
Yes 1/6 each to parents, 2/3 remainder to children3 if no children
3.1 if no siblings mother 1/3
3.2 if any siblings mother 1/6Yes 1/3 to mother, 2/3 remainder to father
Yes 1/6 to mother, remainder to sibling/s
Siblings only inherit kalala case if no father/grandfatherverse 12
4 if no children 1/2 to husband or 1/4 to wifeYes although slightly different wife 1/4 is always fixed or taken mimma/from what left and husband 1/2 ma/what left after paying off mother 1/3 first remainder to father for example
1/4 wife 1/3 mother 5/12 remainder to father
1/3 mother 1/3 husband (1/2 * 2/3) 1/3 remainder to father4.1 if no parents and no more than one brother or sister 1/6 to brother and 1/6 to sister
No that’s Kalala case (fatherless) with child
1/6 mother 1/4 husband 1/6 sibling 5/12 remainder to children
1/6 mother 1/8 wife 1/6 sibling 13/24 remainder to children4.2 if no parents and two sisters or two brothers
No father only, again Kalala case with children
1/6 mother 1/3 siblings 1/2 remainder to children5 if children 1/4 to husband or 1/8 to wife
1/4 husband 3/4 remainder to children
1/8 wife 7/8 remainder to childrenverse 176
6 if no children or parentsNo father! Kalala case no child
6.1 only one sibling 1/2 to siblings
No 1/2 to sister, 1/2 remainder to brother
6.2 two or more siblings 2/3 to siblings
No 2/3 to two sisters, 1/3 to brother
Priority matters because if a wife dies and she had two parents and two children then the shares would be
2/3 to children
1/6 to father
1/6 to motherMath is correct!
1/4 to husband (not fulfilled because children and parents have priority)
No 1/4 husband 1/3 parents 5/12 remainder to children (read my previous posts how to distribute if males and females)
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Using your example from the Hadith, but with a wife, the remaining 3/8 would be discretionary, right?
1/2 daughter
1/8 wife
3/8 discretionaryNo 1/8 to wife, 7/8 remainder to children
That is be they daughter/s or son/s
There’s never too much or too littleLikewise, notice daughter/s in 411 are not alone ie 2/3 and 1/2 otherwise no instructions for what to do if exactly two?
Hence proportions are given
2 daughters 1+ sons
3+ daughters 1+ sons
1 daughter 1+ sonsLikewise 4176 fatherless IF no child
1 sister 1+ brothers
2 sisters 1+ brothers
3+ sisters 1+ brothersNotice 4176 sisters are not alone ie 1/2 and 2/3 otherwise no instructions on what to do if 3+ sisters?
See disturbing mixed siblings and children.
Summary
https//free-minds.org/forum/index.php?topic=9604035.msg443267#msg443267
Salaam!
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For the Quran the beneficiaries would be
verse 11
1 if only one child 1/2 to children, 1/6 to each parentNo 1/2 to daughter, 1/2 remainder to son
Yes 1/6 to parent, 5/6 remainder to childrenNo 1/2 to daughter, 1/2 remainder to son
Impossible because there is only one child in this case.
Yes 1/6 to parent, 5/6 remainder to children
Your solution contradicts Surah 411, 5/6 is not 1/2.
Allah instructs you concerning your children for the male, what is equal to the share of two females. But if there are daughters, two or more, for them is two thirds of one's estate. And if there is only one, for her is half. And for one's parents, to each one of them is a sixth of his estate if he left children. But if he had no children and the parents inherit from him, then for his mother is one third. And if he had brothers , for his mother is a sixth, after any bequest he made or debt. Your parents or your children - you know not which of them are nearest to you in benefit. an obligation by Allah. Indeed, Allah is ever Knowing and Wise.
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Likewise, notice daughter/s in 411 are not alone ie 2/3 and 1/2 otherwise no instructions for what to do if exactly two?
The translations are not consistent about what happens for two daughters
Sahih International if there are daughters, two or more
Pickthall if there be women more than two
Yusuf Ali if only daughters, two or more
Shakir if they are more than two females
Muhammad Sarwar If there are more than two girls
Mohsin Khan if (there are) only daughters, two or more
Arberry if they be women above twohttps//corpus.quran.com/translation.jsp?chapter=4&verse=11
But the translations are consistent for 4176, two or more means they get 2/3. So to be consistent, surah 411 should be interpreted so that two or more means that they get 2/3.
Sahih International But if there are two sisters , they will have two-thirds of what he left
https//corpus.quran.com/translation.jsp?chapter=4&verse=176
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The translations are not consistent about what happens for two daughters
Sahih International if there are daughters, two or more
Pickthall if there be women more than two
Yusuf Ali if only daughters, two or more
Shakir if they are more than two females
Muhammad Sarwar If there are more than two girls
Mohsin Khan if (there are) only daughters, two or more
Arberry if they be women above twohttps//corpus.quran.com/translation.jsp?chapter=4&verse=11
But the translations are consistent for 4176, two or more means they get 2/3. So to be consistent, surah 411 should be interpreted so that two or more means that they get 2/3.
Sahih International But if there are two sisters , they will have two-thirds of what he left
https//corpus.quran.com/translation.jsp?chapter=4&verse=176
Translations are inconsistent because they haven’t studied carefully and often copy each other’s errors which propagated over time.
Over two ie three or more!
411
Fa'in - so if
Kunna - they are (feminine pl. ie 3+)
Nisā'an - womenfolk (any age ie 3+)
Fawqa - above (over or greater than)
Athnatayni - two feminine
Falahunna - so for them (feminine pl. ie 3+)
Thuluthā - third dual (2/3)Exactly two!
4176
Fa'in - so if
Kānatā - feminine dual
Athnatayni - two (feminine)
Falahumā - so to them dual
Ath-Thuluthāni - the third each (1/3 + 1/3 = 2/3) -
Why do you say that?
If inheritance $1 million dollars
$1 million dollars is distributedExample
1/4 ($250k) to husband 412
1/6 ($166.67k) to mother 411
1/6 ($166.67k) to sister 412
1/6 ($166.67k) to brother 412
1/4 ($250k) remaining to children$250k to son/s
$250k to daughter/s$250k to two daughters and 1+ sons (411 2.0x to male/s)
$250k to three+ daughters and 1+ sons (411)
see distributions posted prior.$250k to one daughter and 1+ sons (411 share equally)
Salaam!
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Translations are inconsistent because they haven’t studied carefully and often copy each other’s errors which propagated over time.
Over two ie three or more!
411
Fa'in - so if
Kunna - they are (feminine pl. ie 3+)
Nisā'an - womenfolk (any age ie 3+)
Fawqa - above (over or greater than)
Athnatayni - two feminine
Falahunna - so for them (feminine pl. ie 3+)
Thuluthā - third dual (2/3)Exactly two!
4176
Fa'in - so if
Kānatā - feminine dual
Athnatayni - two (feminine)
Falahumā - so to them dual
Ath-Thuluthāni - the third each (1/3 + 1/3 = 2/3)You are right, more than two is correct for 411.
https//corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=4&verse=11#(4111)
The question then becomes what share do two women get?
411
one woman 1/2
two women discretionary
three or more women 2/34176
one female 1/2
two females 2/3
three or more females discretionarySo for consistency
one 1/2
two 2/3
three or more 2/3 -
If inheritance $1 million dollars
$1 million dollars is distributedExample
I was looking for a reason for the rule, but you gave me an example of the application of the rule.
And they say, "None will enter Paradise except one who is a Jew or a Christian." That is their wishful thinking, Say, "Produce your proof, if you should be truthful."
Surah 2111The Quran endorses the Torah and the gospels. In England a Christian interpretation of these became the common law. One of the commentators of the common law said that the law is nothing but reason. A maxim of the common law is Baron Parke's rule. To paraphrase, he said that an interpretation that is absurd, repugnant, or inconsistent is not the preferred interpretation.
Then do they not reflect upon the Qur'an? If it had been from other than Allah , they would have found within it much contradiction.
Surah 482 -
I was looking for a reason for the rule, but you gave me an example of the application of the rule.
And they say, "None will enter Paradise except one who is a Jew or a Christian." That is their wishful thinking, Say, "Produce your proof, if you should be truthful."
Surah 2111The Quran endorses the Torah and the gospels. In England a Christian interpretation of these became the common law. One of the commentators of the common law said that the law is nothing but reason. A maxim of the common law is Baron Parke's rule. To paraphrase, he said that an interpretation that is absurd, repugnant, or inconsistent is not the preferred interpretation.
Then do they not reflect upon the Qur'an? If it had been from other than Allah , they would have found within it much contradiction.
Surah 482That's a different topic; although the Torah, wherein (not all) is the word of Allah, and the Gospel of Isa (ie what he said) some of which may contain his words in the Gospels according to Mark, Matthew, Luke, and John (unknown who these people are), not according to Paul, which contradicts the Torah and many sayings attributed to Isa in the Gospels.
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You are right, more than two is correct for 411.
https//corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=4&verse=11#(4111)
The question then becomes what share do two women get?
411
one woman 1/2
two women discretionary
three or more women 2/34176
one female 1/2
two females 2/3
three or more females discretionarySo for consistency
one 1/2
two 2/3
three or more 2/3They are not alone! Two women or any number if alone get the same as two or any number of men if alone and they share equally, as any singular entity - mother, father, husband, wife/wives, daughter(s), son(s), sister(s), brother(s) - receives the entirety after will or debt.
If two or more entities, their prescribed amounts are given, with one entity always variable (unstated) receiving the remainder.
Examples
1/3 mother 2/3 remainder to father (both parents alive)
1/6 mother 5/6 remainder to son/s
1/6 father 5/6 remainder to daughter/s1/4 wife 3/4 remainder to mother (both parents not alive)
1/2 husband 1/2 remainder to father1/3 mother 1/4 wife 5/12 remainder to father
1/3 mother 1/3 (1/2*2/3) husband 1/3 remainder to fatherand so forth…
411 pertains to children when mixed
2 females and 1+ males (2.0x to male/s)
3+ females and 1+ males (see summary)
1 female and 1+ males (share equally)4176 pertains to siblings when mixed
1 female and 1+ males (share equally)
2 females and 1+ males (share equally)
3+ females and 1+ males (2.0x to male/s)see summary
https//free-minds.org/forum/index.php?topic=9604035.msg443267#msg443267 -
That's a different topic; although the Torah, wherein (not all) is the word of Allah, and the Gospel of Isa (ie what he said) some of which may contain his words in the Gospels according to Mark, Matthew, Luke, and John (unknown who these people are), not according to Paul, which contradicts the Torah and many sayings attributed to Isa in the Gospels.
OK, but you still haven't said what the reason was.
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They are not alone!
There is nothing from the context that says whether they are alone or not.
If they are alone, then there are no other beneficiaries and so there is no reason why thy should not get the full amount rather than 2/3.
If they are not alone, then there are other possibilities, for example
daughters 2/3
mother 1/6
discretionary 1/6or
daughters 2/3
wife 1/8
discretionary 5/24 -
There is nothing from the context that says whether they are alone or not.
If they are alone, then there are no other beneficiaries and so there is no reason why thy should not get the full amount rather than 2/3.
If they are not alone, then there are other possibilities, for example
daughters 2/3
mother 1/6
discretionary 1/6or
daughters 2/3
wife 1/8
discretionary 5/24There's nothing discretionary; discretion lies in the writing of a will. When reading the text, pay careful attention, as it precisely pertains to your children, i.e., males and females, and provides the proportions. Furthermore, if spouse shares are fixed, then the remainder goes to sons or daughters, etc. Otherwise, you'll encounter numerous math contradictions.
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OK, but you still haven't said what the reason was.
Reason for what, exactly?
Perhaps restate your question more clearly.
What are you asking and why?
