Prayer Times According to the Quran

Iyyaka

It is a time bound protocol. Number and the appointed timings for its performance during a day

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https//haqeeqat.pk/SalatTimings.htm

Peace Mazhar,

Question 1
you say "dulūki" in means "The verbal noun signifies a state of rubbing and getting away with ease and smoothly. The Sun touches/rubs the horizon and smoothly disappears whereby the night emerges." Then you say "lidulūki l-shamsi" means "the Sunset"
-> a contradiction here? Either it refers to the phase just before sunset or at/after sunset (as your graph shows) but not both.

Questions 2.1 and 2.2
You say "ṣalati l-ʿishāi" in means "the time of first part of night after disappearance of twilight-the darkened night"
-> 2.1 why choose this definition and not this one "the time from sunset to the darkness of the night"
-> 2.2 how do young people who have not reached puberty find out when the prayer of dark night is over and ask permission (baʿdi ṣalati l-ʿishāi)?

Mazhar

Root د ل ك
Ibn Faris stated

(مقاييس اللغة)
الدال واللام والكاف أصلٌ واحد يدلُّ على زَوالِ شيءٍ عن شيء، ولا يكون إلاَّ برِفْق.

That it leads to the perception of disappearance, termination, coming to an end of a thing with reference to another, and it is but smoothly and softly.

Sun disappears on the horizon. Night sets in.
New Lunar day starts.

Root غ س ق

Words from this Root in the Grand Qur'aan

a) Total occurrences 4

b) No of constructions 4 All Noun

Ibn Faris stated

(مقاييس اللغة)
الغين والسين والقاف أصلٌ صحيح يدل على ظُلْمة. فالغَسَق الظلمة

That it leads to the perception of darkness, blackness.

(الصّحّاح في اللغة)
الغَسَقُ أول ظلمة الليل

That it is the early darkness of the night.

Semantic Domain Light Darkness - Temperature

The use of phrase دُلُوكُ الشمس instead of غُرُوبُ الشمس also contains information that the Sun does not set along a vertical line but at an angle. It is because of the Earth's tilt. The path of the Sun is curved, tilted relative to the horizon.

Phases of Night
https//haqeeqat.pk/roots/(1343).htm

shukri

For the one who observes salat five times a day (fajar, noon, asar, maghrib مَغرِبُ and isha)

My question
Why did the "Prophet Muhammad" named maghrib as his 4th salat
As we know the word "maghrib" in the Quran means "west" and it looks very weird to me!

2115 To God belongs the east and the west (المَغرِبُ); wherever you go there will be the presence of God. God is Omnipresent, Omniscient.

Thank you.

Iyyaka

Hi shukri,

As we know the word "maghrib" in the Quran means "west" and it looks very weird to me!

The West or the setting sun are the same thing (when viewed from the Middle East)

shukri

The West or the setting sun are the same thing (when viewed from the Middle East)

Yes, it's very true
But I wonder if "maghrib" can be literally translated (word for word) as "sunset"!

Note
I do not know Arabic
But when I read the Quran translation by Rashad Khalifa
He used the English word "sunset" for the translation of the Arabic word "الغُروبِ" and not for "المَغرِبُ"

5039 Therefore, be patient with their speech, and praise and glorify your Lord before sunrise and before sunset.
(فَاسبِر عَلىٰ ما يَقولونَ وَسَبِّح بِحَمدِ رَبِّكَ قَبلَ طُلوعِ الشَّمسِ وَقَبلَ الغُروبِ)

I also used "google translate" and it gave me the same answer as "غروب"

Thank you

Iyyaka

Hi shukri,

But I wonder if "maghrib" can be literally translated (word for word) as "sunset"!

Between and from my point of view the difference doesn't really matter. It depends of the textual context.
So for i translate as "sunset or setting". It refers to the sun.
and for i prefer "west". It refers more of a direction. "East and West" this phrase is often used poetically or in literary contexts to describe the entire span of the day from sunrise to sunset, or metaphorically to encompass a wide range or expanse.

The East and the West This translates directly into geographical directions.
The Rising and the Setting Sun This emphasises the movement of the sun.

shukri

Hi shukri,
Between and from my point of view the difference doesn't really matter. It depends of the textual context.
So for i translate as "sunset or setting". It refers to the sun.
and for i prefer "west". It refers more of a direction. "East and West" this phrase is often used poetically or in literary contexts to describe the entire span of the day from sunrise to sunset, or metaphorically to encompass a wide range or expanse.

The East and the West This translates directly into geographical directions.
The Rising and the Setting Sun This emphasises the movement of the sun.

Say, if I wish to use "صلاة الغُروبِ" instead of "صلاة المغرب"
Am i right too?

One more question, if you don't mind
How about "isha"
Does it refer to "dusk" or "evening" or "night"?

Search Labs | AI Overview (the difference between dusk and evening)
While "Dusk" is considered a specific point in time when the sun is just below the horizon, marking the end of twilight, "evening" refers to a broader period of time after sunset, encompassing dusk and extending into the darker hours of night; essentially, dusk is a part of the evening, but not the entire evening itself.

The word "Isha" in the Quran
1216 They came back to their father in the evening, weeping ... (RK translation)
(وَجاءو أَباهُم عِشاءً يَبكونَ)

2458 O you who believe, permission must be requested by your servants and the children who have not attained puberty (before entering your rooms). This is to be done in three instances - before the Dawn Prayer, at noon when you change your clothes to rest, and after the Night Prayer ... (RK translation)
(يٰأَيُّهَا الَّذينَ ءامَنوا لِيَستَـٔذِنكُمُ الَّذينَ مَلَكَت أَيمٰنُكُم وَالَّذينَ لَم يَبلُغُوا الحُلُمَ مِنكُم ثَلٰثَ مَرّٰتٍ مِن قَبلِ صَلوٰةِ الفَجرِ وَحينَ تَضَعونَ ثِيابَكُم مِنَ الظَّهيرَةِ وَمِن بَعدِ صَلوٰةِ العِشاءِ ثَلٰثُ عَورٰتٍ لَكُم لَيسَ عَلَيكُم وَلا عَلَيهِم جُناحٌ بَعدَهُنَّ طَوّٰفونَ عَلَيكُم بَعضُكُم عَلىٰ بَعضٍ كَذٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمُ الـٔايٰتِ وَاللَّهُ عَليمٌ حَكيمٌ)

Thank you.

Iyyaka

Hi shukri,

One more question, if you don't mind
How about "isha"
Does it refer to "dusk" or "evening" or "night"?

Unfortunately, it depends! Classic dictionaries state that this form ʿishā (عِشَآء) can have three main meanings (all related to night, however)

Entry of the night or from sunset to darkness of the night (as synonymous of the form ʿashiīī (عَشِىّ))
Night, all night long or the beginning of the darkness of night
Evening prayer

Regarding Prayer, if you understand that the Quran requires five prayers, then you will interpret it as "the beginning of the darkness of night" (cf. Mazhar above).
If you understand that it refers to the period from the beginning of the night until the darkness of night, then it equates to evening twilight only.
If you understand that it refers to the night prayer, then you can translate it as "Evening Prayer", during the first hours of the night.

shukri

Hi shukri,
Unfortunately, it depends! Classic dictionaries state that this form ʿishā (عِشَآء) can have three main meanings (all related to night, however)

Entry of the night or from sunset to darkness of the night (as synonymous of the form ʿashiīī (عَشِىّ))
Night, all night long or the beginning of the darkness of night
Evening prayer

Regarding Prayer, if you understand that the Quran requires five prayers, then you will interpret it as "the beginning of the darkness of night" (cf. Mazhar above).
If you understand that it refers to the period from the beginning of the night until the darkness of night, then it equates to evening twilight only.
If you understand that it refers to the night prayer, then you can translate it as "Evening Prayer", during the first hours of the night.

Three options!
But anyway, I choose the first one for sure since the Quran only mentions three "compulsory" prayers by name i.e. salat al-Fajr, as-salat al-Wustha and salat al-Isha
AND "salat al-Isha" is the correct name for "salat al-Maghrib" as the timeframe for "salat al-Isha" is equivalent to "salat al-Maghrib"

Just my take!
Thanks for your time!
Ends

Note
My mathematical analysis on Salat (Reply #11)
https//free-minds.org/forum/index.php?topic=9612753.10

Mazhar

Three options!
But anyway, I choose the first one for sure since the Quran only mentions three "compulsory" prayers by name i.e. salat al-Fajr, as-salat al-Wustha and salat al-Isha
AND "salat al-Isha" is the correct name for "salat al-Maghrib"

Just my take!
Thanks for your time!
Ends

Note
My mathematical analysis on Salat (Reply #11)
https//free-minds.org/forum/index.php?topic=9612753.10

A little attention to it will negate this opinion.

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