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    INDEX Section 1 ----About me Section 2 ---Holy book of Islam Section 3 ? Quran laws and its implications Section 4 ?Principal message of Qur?an is general for all Section 5 ?Foremost Law Section 6 ? Unbelievers (Believe in God) Section 7 ?All-important and Natural ?Universal Truth Section 8 ? Uniqueness of Qur?an. Section 9 ? Blind faith Section 10 ? Read the Qur?an. Closing section ?About me SECTION 1 How I embraced Islam -----------(Message of Islam) My elder brother once brought a video footage of something looking like ancient structures, their remains of civilization and playing in computer in home and I watched a portion of it -- but I couldn't understand a thing of it --- what its about and what does this represent -and I wasn?t bothered about it. I thought it was something about ancient civilization video -that has grasped my brothers' interest. It was what I later known as Mecca and surrounding area in olden days video footage- Later on the days my brother started bringing books of Islam (mainly Hadiths -- Prophets sayings and conducts) then series of books that he started bringing in home from his friend -- that grasped my attention and I many of times I had fancied something interesting about the books that he brought, so I took the great interest in reading those books.. I was fully engrossed in reading them yet what could I learn from all those books that Islam has many good moral, social values, code of conduct and ethics for all humans. And I thought all religions in one way or other representing such good human laws, beneficial for all-And that all religions in one way or other impart qualities of morality, peace, righteousness, good virtues, obedience, respect and love ---- for our fellow human beings ? That was all i could anticipated and regarded Islam to be like ? Then it started on, when I used to had series of talks with my elder brother regarding Religion, Concept of God, Islamic teachings, laws etc, but Primarily Belief in One God and Day of Judgement. More I used to talk with my brother more I felt he carries a unique point one way or other which I hadn?t come through or heard before. Most importantly in my initial knowledge of Islam - what grasped my utmost attention Is that God- whom muslims worship is (Unseen) - like someone our mind cannot comprehend and eyes cannot visualize the image ?for which God my attention is drawn into- has to be the God (the creator of the universe) Later on days, I came to know about of what was for me a crucial thing or became the turning point in my knowledge and understanding of Islam. My brother during the conversation he said for a person to become a muslim, he must declare testimony of faith --- i.e., in arabic testimony of faith (La ilaaha illah laah Muhammad Rasoollaah) ? I knew of something like this or heard these sentence before (as regards to declaration of faith in islam) -- but didn?t knew its translation of words or its actual meaning. I became aware of the meaning in true sense from books that I had read or from what my brother had told the meaning of these words (testimony of faith ie There is no God but One God and Muhammad is the messenger of God) for what I clearly understood in and such as ? that There is no God besides God and Muhammad is His Messenger. It was for me simply unbelievable statement from what I understood the religion of Islam. The real authenticity and universal truth lies in these words just paying attention to these words and understanding the gravity of it, the true essence of Islam lies- (There is No other God besides God) Hence, none is worthy of being worshipped besides God ?its real meaning-this single line is sufficient to disapprove all the other major beliefs of the world ?and I associated myself to islam from thereon. It started my journey of Islam from thereon -I associated myself to the islam ---but not even to the surface level as such. because It turned out to be after a period of time of few months or so I was feeling detached to it. something wasn?t fully cleared to me that I hadn?t yet started practicing Islam-like offering prayer, fasting, etc and also in my thoughts Islam seemed to had become distant and unknown aspect in my life. And thats because something was gravely missing in my understanding of Islam through the passage of time of one year and so. It seemed to me that I had detached myself to Islam and I was not even bothered about it, only through my lack of knowledge and understanding. Because I hadn?t yet read the holy book of Islam - not even the single chapter of the (Qur?an)- the source of Islam. Till then, I was aware of the Islam from outside sources other than Quran ---I had read some verses of Quran here and there ? in books of Islam and articles on the internet yet not convincingly understood the real essence of Islam, like the way Qur?an presents its message. Something which I needed to make myself fully aware of the Islam is nothing but Qur?an ? Holy Book of Islam So that I would never feel that I was going away from it and it would be then knowing everything I ever wanted to know --- SECTION 2 Qur?an ---Holy Book of Islam The real message and true essence of religion of islam in incorporated in Qur?an --- there is no other source which can make things crystal clear about God, religion, human laws, moral behavior, social justice, equality, economic laws etc- other than Qur?an --- When for the first time I was reading this holy book, I was fully aware that this book will unleash the supreme aspect of Islam in best possible way--- because I think for truth to become prevalent in the world or to atleast become part of my life, something unexpected and unimaginable was needful to make it possible----the source of which became the Qur?an. Reading through the Qur?an in the beginning (From Chapter 1 To Chapter 5) in few days period? I had taken sometime for realization the exact nature of teachings in Qur?an--- unexpected or unique point hasn?t been unleashed from my understanding point of view till chapter 5. While infact the authenticity of the message I couldn?t understood in real sense, I couldn?t grasped the real message, all the other factors related to it ---- While the fact of the matter is that there are 114 chapters in Qur?an and each chapter of it astonishingly represents supreme level of uniqueness, that uniqueness and foremost Qur?an law is undeniable truth and it must be followed by all. If you know there are rules and regulations, or code of conducts, or injunction, or laws, discipline ? whatever you can say. But one thing is sure that Qur?an is certainly presenting many laws and their implication that has to be followed by all human beings in many of its verses, I have given the example in the following words about Qur?an?s laws --- First of all one should know that Qur?an?s Message is generally referred to all the human beings. Its implication is for everyone. There is no discrimination at all one can find in its message and that it is meant for all. And its implication of laws is for all ---- keeping in the contents that every individual has its own circumstances, capabilities of mind, limitations and hurdles as long as person is mentally sound to understand it. It is but a reminder for the worlds-------(Qur?an 3887) It is but a reminder for the worlds. For whomever of you wishes to be straight------(Qur?an 8127,2 SECTION 3 QURAN?S LAWS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS Quran?s Injunctions Myself And True Believers Many others may raise a point Against Qur?an Prayer, Fasting, charity I understand the gravity and Everyone has opinion to make etc essence of the message and that?s difference of opinion can And I always try to abide by only cause conflicts between all, but all the rules and teachings at the same time there is room to be of Qur?an. maintained between conflicts ? its for peace and brotherhood between us there is no law on earth greater than peace brotherhood, co-operation and coexistence there has to be a desire solution that needs to be find out that which is common for all and suitable for all so that peace and harmony can be maintained. As for me, I can understand that what is best for me would never be best for other person. There is difference of thinking, opinion and choice --- and it has to be there,-what implication I have to follow according to Qur?an is suitable for me while it may not be not suitable for many others ? and this difference of opinion and perception is bound to be there ? even though source is same and it is meant for all. But most importantly, Qur?an is not based upon rules and regulation or code of conducts or any earthly law. Unique aspect of Qur?an is generality of its message, its as much general for you as it is for me and for any stranger person. I have written about some Qur?ans injunctions above ? There is one irresistible law in the Qur?an which draws our attention, remind us hundreds of times for it is the principle of all laws. And its implication is to be maintained by all. Acknowledgement of this law is itself acknowledgement of Islam --- you are within the realm of Islam ?if you are giving acknowledgement to this universal law and abide to it strongly --- Once you are within the realm of Islam ?you may start going against it ? after reaching to the threshold of truth ? it you may starts to raise doubts if not applying understanding/common sense. Unless person is a sincere and honest person he or she can never ever think of going against Qur?an because Qur?an Principle law is undeniable fact. SECTION 4 The Principal Message of Qur?an is General For All For example Hypothetical Scenario --- Suppose there are two types or categories of peoples in this world --- Half of the World Population possess Common sense ? and they comes in the category of ? ?The Guidance of God? Other Half of the World Population doesn?t possess Common Sense ----- and they comes in the category of ---?Misguided, Ignorant, Unaware And Ungodly? But if we presume that you and me are on the Guidance of God?But if am going to interact With those who are misguided people ? they may not agree that they are misguided in the first place--- they will say they are the most guided people in this world infact better guided than the others. How to get solution of this hypothetical problem? ------so what was for me common sense before is not common for all at all. But what is needful now ? more than applying common sense here, sincerity and honesty is required to solve this hypothetical scenario Sincerity and Honesty to accept that --- What is Common Sense may ironically goes against his own belief, his parents belief and society he lives in, friends and relatives, family life, and everyone else. SECTION 5 FOREMOST LAW ---UNIVERSAL LAW IN QUR?AN ?UNIVERSAL TRUTH- COMMON SENSE ? OBVIOUS TO BE KNOWN ?AND UNIQUENESS OF QURAN --- There are plenty of verses which I can assure you about Qur?an being unique in its teachings The uniqueness of Qur?an?s teachings is that no person can even think the other side of it, for example, if iam not in total agreement with its teachings ?I should have points that can prove my validity ? or atleast which can show other perspective it---while there is no alternative for the truth declared in Qur?an (That?s why Its ?Universal Truth?) .....And I have come to you with a sign from your Lord, so be aware of God and obey me.? God is my Lord and your Lord, so serve Him, this is a Straight Path------------(Quran 350,51) And your God is but One God, there is no God but He; the Almighty the Most Merciful---------- (Quran 2163) Your God is one God. Those who do not believe in the Hereafter, their hearts are denying, and they are arrogant-----------(Quran 1622) As for those they call on besides God, they do not create anything, but are themselves created ----------------(Quran 1620) That is because God is the truth, and what they call on besides Him is falsehood. And God is the High, the Great----------(Quran 2262) And God judges with the truth, while those they call on besides Him do not judge with anything. Certainly, God is the Hearer, the Seer-------(Quran 4020) That is because God is the truth, and that which they call on besides Him is falsehood, and that God is the High, the Great.-------------(Quran 3130) That is because those who disbelieve followed falsehood, while those who believe followed the truth from their Lord. God thus cites for the people their examples-----------------(Quran 473) Say Do you serve other than God what cannot harm you or benefit you? God is the Hearer, the Knower-------------(Quran576) And do not call besides God any god, there is no god but He. Everything will fade away except His presence. To Him is the judgment, and to Him you will be returned-----------(Quran 288 These verses mentioned above represent principle law of Qur?an and which is universal law It is that simple and understandable thing, that doesn?t require a second thought to accept its general message as Ultimate truth --- Anything besides above mentioned verses would alienate or deviate a person from God?s Guidance. The question of having doubts about universal law of Qur?an ? doesn?t even arise ?and it doesn?t even require a person?s honesty or dishonesty-or anything else other than acceptance of common sense and to believe in it.. Because, As for me, it is not even a belief or something which I should believe so that I can follow it ? These verses and message it represent is clear and evident ? that this is the ?Straight path? --- and ?Guidance of God? because it is as clear as how we see, hear, listen, night and day, darkness and light etc ---nobody will ask me ?do I believe in seeing, hearing, talking? As I got these organs and senses, then its normal that I would never be a blind as long as my eyes showing clearly what is apparent, clear and evident?And its normal that I would never fool around myself and acting or pretending to be a blind as if iam blind (from understanding point of view) And I remember, By the time I had read the first 10 chapters of Qur?an for the first time itself, I was shaken up, it opened my eyes to the truth, the way its giving the message, I was speechless, I couldn?t believe what I was reading is so great, that its making all things clear and apparent. I have so far in my life read the Qur?an 7to 8 times completely with understanding And hundreds of times in parts or portions The importance and gravity of its message hasn?t got any lesser for me through the passage of time till today. (praise be to God) And Quran, certainly is questioning to those who are going against the universal truth ?in such manner- And the example of those who disbelieve is like one who repeats what he has heard of calls and shouts; deaf, dumb, and blind, they do not understand--------(Qur?an 2171) You cannot make the dead hear, nor can you make the deaf hear the call when they turn their backs and flee. Nor can you guide the blind from their misguidance. You can only make those who believe in Our revelations hear you, for they have surrendered--------(Qur?an 2780,81) And there are some of them who listen to you; but can you make the deaf hear, if they do not comprehend? And there are some of them who look at you; but can you guide the blind, if they do not see?---------(Qur?an 4243) You cannot make the dead listen, nor can you make the deaf hear the call when they have turned their backs. Nor can you enlighten the blind from their straying; but you can only make those who believe in Our revelations listen, for they have surrendered--------------(Qur?an 3052,53) Say ?The bad and the good are not equal, even if the abundance of the bad pleases you.? So be aware of God, O you who have understanding, that you may succeed---------------(Qur?an 5100) And we place shields over their hearts, that they should not understand it, and a deafness in their ears. And if you mention your Lord in the Quran alone, they run away turning their backs in aversion-----------(Qur?an 1746) For example -----If a person wants to follow the ?Guidance of God? -----First and foremost thing is that, he must first --?Believe in God? in the sense that he must acknowledge the fact that God is the only supreme being that deserves my recognition, acknowledgement and worship. How can a person claims or pretends to be that he is on ?Guidance of God? by not even acknowledging God? By following the ?belief system? of forefathers, parents and under the pretext, influence or belonging to other peoples beliefs, society, cultural influence etc? how can someone falls prey to ?vain desires? of himself and of others ?desires? and still claim that his belief system is based on truth? Because As far as my understanding goes, No Being can become ?God? or never Be ?God? (even Its ?According?- To All human Beings in world) ?unless God Himself gives authority--- -And Qur?an exactly said- that God has never given any authority to anyone to follow any other way Besides His own way and guidance. And acknowledgement and worship is solely for God. And this is My path, a Straight One. So follow it, and do not follow the other paths lest they divert you from His path. That is what He has enjoined you to that you may be righteous---------(Quran 6153) What you serve besides God is nothing but names which you have created you and your fathers, God did not send down any authority for such. The judgment is for none but God. He ordered that none be served but He. That is the true system, but most of mankind do not know--------(Quran 1240) What you serve besides God is nothing but names which you have created you and your fathers, God did not send down any authority for such. The judgment is for none but God. He ordered that none be served but He. That is the true system, but most of mankind do not know--------(Quran 1240) Here are our people, they have taken gods besides Him, while they do not come with any clear authority. Who then is more wicked than one who invents lies about God?-----------(Quran 1815) And they serve besides God what He did not send any authority upon, and what they have no knowledge of. And the wicked will not have any helper--------------(Quran 2271) Because there can be no other way besides God and His Guidance, its not even comes in imagination of mind to even think of anything besides to what is apparent in Qur?ans message, in terms of belief and authenticity. I can?t help but wonder ? how true Qur?an can be for having such general, universal and profound message. SECTION 6 UNBELIEVERS(NON-MUSLIMS) TOO BELIEVE IN GOD (GODS OF THEIR OWN NAMES AND DESIRES) And its not like that- that Unbelievers or Non-muslims doesn?t believe in God or ?God is the creator of all things in Universe? or nor its hard for them to believe in God ---- Qur?an making the point clear by saying when you put question to unbelievers too, they will quickly give response by saying ? This whole world and universe is God?s creation? The Question is now what?s holding them back to follow God?s guidance And give acknowledgement to God only? When God?s guidance has come in the sight of Qur?ans message, establishing the universal truth and how greatly it does, can only be express through the words of Qur?an--- As I explained before, sincerity to accept that which is common sense and that which is obvious in entire universe----is questionable for unbelievers and non-muslims? And if you ask them ?Who created the heavens and the Earth, and put the sun and the moon in motion?? They will Say ?God.? Why then did they deviate?-----------(Quran 2961) And if you ask them ?Who sends down water from the sky, thus reviving the land after its death?? They will Say ?God,? Say ?Praise be to God.? But most of them do not understand---------(Qur?an 2963) Who is more evil than one who fabricates lies and attributes them to God, or denies the truth when it comes to him? Is there not a place in Hell for the rejecters?---------------(Qur?an 296 And if you ask them ?Who created the heavens and the Earth?? They will Say ?God.? Say ?Praise be to God.? Yet, most of them do not know-------------(Qur?an 3125) Say ?Who provides for you from the sky and the land? Who possesses the hearing and the eyesight?, and who brings forth the living from the dead and brings forth the dead from the living, and who controls all affairs?? They will Say ?God.? Say ?Will you not be righteous!? Such is God, your true Lord. So what is after the truth except straying! Why then do you turn away?-----------(Qur?an 1031,32) Say ?I am warned not to serve those you call upon other than God? Say ?I will not follow your desires, otherwise I would go astray and I would not be of those guided.?-----------(Qur?an 656) SECTION 7 ALL IMPORTANT AND NATURAL ----UNIVERSAL TRUTH So far in this Article ? I brought before you ?Universal Truth mentioned in Qur?an? ---From only few of the verses of Qur?an ?Qur?an has lot of these verses. Infact whole Qur?ans message is going in the Sequence of ?Universal Truth? Now I want to Categorise ---?Universal Truth? in terms of Importance and Acceptance ? even though I know its All-important, natural to accept. ? but still I have to start from somewhere----- NATURAL TO ACKNOWLEDGE ?UNIVERSAL TRUTH Even If there had been ?No Islam-No Qur?an ---even then it was natural to accept ?Universal Truth? ---Just imagine yourself into Hypothetical Scenario?in which ? you are alone in this world? ?no other being with you, only you and you want to follow God?s Guidance ? but since there is no Islam-No Qur?an available ---i don?t think you would associate anyone with God in worship (worship others besides God)?even if you do ?you would know that?s your fallacy belief, created by you- that?s not the ultimate truth ?because Universal Truth is that- None has the right to be worshipped or worthy of acknowledgement besides God--- (La ilaaha ilal laah) IMPERATIVE, COMPULSORY, AND OBLIGATORY IS TO ACKNOWLEDGE ?UNIVERSAL TRUTH When Guidance Has come From the Qur?an (Holy Book of Islam)---awareness to acknowledge solely God also came through the message of Qur?an And Universal Truth established on earth ------And this truth was not established from the time of Qur?ans Revelation ?or through Prophet Muhammad (last Prophet of God) lt established from the very first human being itself- Adam (peace be upon him) himself is the first messenger of God (According to Qur?an)? And what prevented the people from believing when the guidance came to them, and to seek forgiveness from their Lord? Are they waiting for what happened to the people of old to come to them, or that the retribution be brought to them face to face?----------(Qur?an 1855) And judge between them by what God has sent down, and do not follow their wishes, and beware lest they divert you away from some of what God has sent down to you. If they turn away, then know that God wants to inflict them with some of their sins; and most of the people are corrupt------------------(Qur?an 549) He is the One who sends down to His servant clear revelations, to bring you out of the darkness into the light. God is Compassionate towards you, Merciful.--------------(Qur?an 579) So that truth will be manifest, and the falsehood will be confounded; even if the criminals dislike it.-------------(Qur?an 8 We have sent down to you clear verses; only the evil ones would disbelieve in them------------.(Qur?an 299) O people, a proof has come to you from your Lord, and We have sent down to you a guiding light---------------(Qur?an 4174) MAKE DECISION-- DON?T BE LATE?OR IT MAY WILL BE TOO LATE what you want to do ---will you not believe ?God? and accept the universal truth? ? what so strange about this? I can?t believe that someone can go against ?God? and universal message ?iam emphasizing here because its all-important and natural to believe? And Mainly because Qur?an message is based on ?God? And His ?Guidance? so that you become ?Believer of God? . And Don?t be among the disbelivers even after when... (WHEN GOD HAS SENT GUIDING LIGHT FOR MANKIND) FIRST AND FOREMOST/ COMPULSORY/PURPOSE OF OUR LIFE EXISTENCE/AND MOST IMPORTANT THING IN OUR EXISTENCE IN THIS WORLD ------- IS TO ACKNOWLEDGE ?UNIVERSAL TRUTH Universal Truth is All-important, Natural to Acknowledge ---Just Awareness of the Universal Truth makes huge difference because then it naturally destroys and perishes falsehood from the root level itself---The person who is rejecting ?God? and still sticks to? Falsehood? in this life ? will ultimately go to hell ? and the punishment of Hell is so severe and horrible, that one cannot imagine its gravity ---Punishment of burning in fire, drinking of boiling water etc -- For (Rejecting ?God? And For Unbelievers of ?God?) And the Day the disbelievers are displayed to the Fire ?Is this not the truth?? They will answer ?Yes indeed, by our Lord.? He will say, ?Then taste the retribution for what you had rejected.?----------------------(Qur?an 4634) Here are two opponents who have disputed regarding their Lord; as for those who rejected, outer garments made from fire are cut out for them, and boiling water is poured from above their heads. It melts the inside of their stomachs and their skin. And they will have hooked rods of iron. Every time they want to escape the anguish, they are returned to it. Taste the retribution of the burning-------------(Qur?an 2219 to 22) I can ?copy and paste? Qur?ans verses regarding Hell and its punishment furthermore to an extent of atleast 50 pages but its too heavier punishment and terrible retribution ? its terrible to even think about it--- my message in this article is regarding ?universal truth? that is to ?believe in God?- (I will cover the topic of punishment in other articles- god willing) I just want to make this clear is in this ? to believe in God- that which obvious, understandable, natural, and common sense ---anything besides would make you disbeliever. ?And for disbelievers there is terrible punishment forever? ---And the Believers of God and those who believe in truth ?they are not liable for punishment ---infact believers of God and those who doing righteous good deeds are liable for Heaven ?which is all-comfort, blissful, etc --- ..As for those who believed and do good works, they will be in the paradises of bliss. They will have what they wish from their Lord. This is the great blessing?????(Qur?an 4222) SECTION 8 UNIQUENESS OF QUR?AN FOR EXAMPLE There is ?Universal Truth? which is ultimate and not dependent upon any other factor --that means Universal Truth is Ultimate and independent? So I will now give sequence to ?Universal Truth? - step by step in 10 points mentioned below- Universal Truth Is not Dependent on All human beings --- it is the vice versa infact Because it is Universal Truth ?it should not be dependent on any human being or even all human beings ?infact all human beings should be dependent on universal truth --- And whosoever strives then he is only striving for himself; for God is in no need of the worlds------------(Qur?an 296) O man! It is you who stand in need of God, whereas He alone is self-sufficient, the one to whom all praise is due---------- (Qur?an 3515) To God belongs everything in the heavens and the Earth. God is the Rich, the Praiseworthy--------------(Qur?an 3126) If you reject, then know that God is in no need of you, and He dislikes rejection for His servants. And if you are appreciative, He is pleased for you. And none shall bear the burdens of another. Then to your Lord is your return, and He will inform you of everything you had done. He is fully aware of what is inside the chests---------------(Qur?an 397) Universal Truth is not dependent on Good Deeds or Bad Deeds of Human beings ---it is the vice versa infact Universal truth is greater than anything else, if its not dependent on all the human beings ?It won?t matter who?s doing what good deeds or what bad things (Acceptance of Universal Truth is Foremost) ---so universal truth is not dependent on good deeds infact all good deeds (righteous deeds) are dependent on ?Universal Truth? Say ?Shall we inform you of the greatest losers?? ?Those whose efforts in the worldly life were wasted while they thought they were doing good!? These are the ones who rejected the revelations of their Lord and His meeting. So their works were in vain, and We will not give them any value on the Day of Resurrection----------------------(Qur?an 18103,104,105) And if they deny you, then Say ?I have my deeds, and you have your deeds. You are innocent from what I do, and I am innocent from what you do.?------------------(Qur?an 1041) As for those who reject, their works are like a mirage in the desert. A thirsty person thinks it is water, until he reaches it, he finds it is nothing; and he finds God there and He pays him his due, and God is swift in judgment---------------(Qur?an 2439) Universal Truth is not dependent on Explanation/Discussion/Argument/Debate/Justification/Reasoning --it should be clear and evident to all. Universal Truth is not dependent on explanation/discussion/argument/debate/reasoning -so much so that ?There should be no room for explanation/ discussion/ argument/debate/justification/reasoning They argue with you about the truth when it has been made clear to them; as if they were being herded towards death while they are watching------------(Qur?an 86) And from mankind is he who argues regarding God without knowledge, and he follows every rebellious devil???(Qur?an 223) Say ?Do you debate with us regarding God? He is our Lord and your Lord, and we have our work and you have your work, and to Him we are believers.?---------------(Qur?an 2139) ?.Say ?I believe in all that God has sent down from Scripture, and I was commanded to be with justice between you. God is our Lord and your Lord. We have our deeds and you have your deeds. There is no argument between us and you. God will gather us all together, and to Him is the ultimate destiny.?-----------------(Qur?an 4215) Universal Truth is not dependent on Proofs/Miracles/Supernatural Events/ Infact there are many scientific proofs and mathematical proofs in Qur?an and even some verses presents some information which 21st century science hasn?t reached to the point so that it can be verified at present time ---what I really know that there are hundreds of scientific proofs and in mathematical calculations also ? and each one is a miracle on its own ?I don?t need to write all of those scientific proofs because they are all just confirming ?Universal Truth? and also-Because I know Qur?an itself is a biggest proof and Miracle of Miracles And as I said Universal Truth is not dependent Proofs/Miracles/Supernatural Events --it is the vice versa ?All Miracles/Supernatural Events are dependent on Universal Truth. And if We had sent down to them the Angels, and the dead spoke to them, and We had gathered before them everything, they still would not believe except if God wills. But most of them are ignorant-----------------(Qur?an 6111) And We have cited for the people in this Quran of every example. And if you come to them with a sign, those who rejected will Say ?You are bringing falsehood!?------------------(Qur?an 305 Do they wait until the Angels will come to them, or your Lord comes, or some signs from your Lord? The day some signs come from your Lord, it will do no good for any soul to believe if it did not believe before, or it gained good through its belief. Say ?Wait, for we are waiting------------------(Qur?an 615 Universal Truth has to be Completely Pure/Not even an iota of Falsehood/ And Has to be Secured/Uncorrupted. Surely, those who have rejected the Reminder when it came to them; and it is an Honourable Scripture. No falsehood could enter it, presently or afterwards; a revelation from a Most Wise, Praiseworthy-------------(Qur?an 4141,42) And this is a blessed reminder which We have sent down. Will you be deniers of it?------------(Qur?an 2150) Indeed it is We who have sent down the Reminder, and indeed it is We who will preserve it-------------(Qur?an 159) Universal Truth is not dependent on Prophets/Messengers. Infact Prophet is a Human being --(chosen by God). God chosen man amongst the man to become ?Prophet? ? Receiver(prophet) of God?s given Guidance And Conveyer(Messenger) of God?s given Guidance. Say ?I am no more than a human being like you. It is inspired to me that your god is One god, therefore you shall be upright towards Him and seek His forgiveness. And woe to those who set up partners.?-------------------(Qur?an 416). God chooses messengers from amongst the Angels and from amongst mankind. God is Hearer, Seer---------------(Qur?an 2275) Are they surprised that a warner has come to them from amongst them, so the rejecters said ?This is something strange!?------ (Qur?an 502) Are you surprised that a reminder has come to you from your Lord through a man from amongst you to warn you, and that you may receive mercy??-----------------(Qur?an 763) Universal Truth is not even dependent on ? Any Subject Matter/Any Sequence. Infact Qur?an is a Book of Conversation or Dialogue presenting the Universal Truth itself. If you will read any other book on earth, it would alteast have a Subject Matter and following that Sequence of Subject matter and accordingly It furnishes information, knowledge, etc. Qur?an contains 114 chapters(surahs) and each chapter(surah) has a particular name -----But name of chapter is not subject matter of that particular chapter itself, its not based on that chapter name Qur?an message is followed. Name of the chapter is just the single essence of the message of that chapter. Infact Whole Qur?ans message is following the Sequence of Universal Truth ?which you can confirm it after reading it. Universal Truth is not dependent on Subjects Matter/Any Sequence, it is the vice versa, And Whole Qur?an is in the Sequence of ?Universal Truth? And What must be followed After ?Universal Truth? (that too must be according to ?Universal Truth?) Infact Qur?an is a Book of Conversation or Dialogue Because Every Verse in the Qur?an is a separate verse)--That?s why I am able ?Copy-Paste (only few verses of Qur?an) and could form this article and present the Universal Truth (message of Qur?an) ---And I was not even required to write this article because those who have read the Qur?an sincerly knows it is the Universal Truth and Word of God. Those to whom We have given the Scripture know it as they know their own children; and a group of them hides the truth while they know. The truth is from your Lord, so do not be one of those who doubt----------------(Qur?an 2146,147) Those to whom We have given the Scripture know it as they know their children. Those who lost their souls, they do not believe--------------(Qur?an 620) Shall I seek other than God as a judge when He has sent down to you this Scripture fully detailed?? Those to whom We have given the Scripture know it is sent down from your Lord with truth; so do not be of those who have doubt----------------(Qur?an 6114) Universal Truth = Message of Qur?an Iam too a human being like you, my thinking is also lay man?s thinking ---But I have READ THE QUR?AN so I got to know Universal Truth only from the Qur?an And I also know that Universal Truth = Message of Qur?an Whole message of Qur?an is equal to Universal Truth ?its similar, co-equal, independent, ultimate and supreme same as message of Qur?an is independent, ultimate and supreme And infact Only ?One Single Verse of Qur?an? is sufficient and equals ?The Universal Truth? (if a person only thinks about it) And Qur?an contains 6000+ verses and and is in perfect sequence to Universal Truth. DEFINITION OF GOD = EXACT UNIVERSAL TRUTH Say ?He is God, the One,? ?God, the Absolute,? ?He does not beget, nor was He begotten,? ?And there is none who are His equal.?............. (Qur?an chapter 112) ?God is one (He is one and only) He is absolute (Self-sufficient, independent---All are dependent upon Him) He does not beget ---He has not given birth to anyone, nor is he Born ---And 4th line is None who are his equal (there is none comparable to Him) These 4 lines above mentioned are touchstone from which we can know ?all false beliefs of Gods in every religion or exact universal truth of Islamic belief of God ---That?s why it is the definition of God (because no one is worthy of acknowledgement and worship besides God, So No being can be fit into these 4 lines besides God ?These 4 lines clearly indicating No one befits to be God besides God ---so its definition of God. Who could send the Qur?an to Mankind other than God?------Infact Qur?an is Word of God/Revelation from God/Guidance from God/Message from God. And Qur?an is a Book of Guidance for Mankind, whose message is ultimate and supreme Message of Qur?an is Unique (those who have read the Qur?an knows it), Independent message ? but only dependent upon God to produce such a book, completely based on ?God And His Guidance? The revelation of the Scripture is from God, the Noble, the Knowledgeable---------(Qur?an 402) It is but a reminder for the one who takes heed. Sent down from the One who created the Earth and the heavens above----------(Qur?an 203,4) The sending down of the Scripture is from God, the Noble, the Wise-----------(Qur?an 391) O people, a proof has come to you from your Lord, and We have sent down to you a guiding light-------------(Qur?an 4174) And this is a revelation from the Lord of the worlds---------(Qur?an 26192) We have sent down to you the Scripture for the people with truth. Then, whoever is guided is guided for himself, and whoever goes astray goes astray to his own loss. And you are not a keeper over them--------------(Qur?an 3941) This Quran could not have been produced without God, but it is to authenticate what is already present, and to give detail to the Scripture in which there is no doubt, from the Lord of the worlds-------------(Qur?an 1037) Is one who knows that the truth has been sent down to you from your Lord like one who is blind? Only those with understanding will remember---------(Qur?an 1319) SECTION 9 BLIND FAITH/FALLACIOUS BELIEFS/DARKNESS HINDUISM Hindus primary belief is that - Brahma, Vishnu, Mahesh,(concept of trinity of Gods)/ God is one but in the form of brahma, Vishnu, Mahesh (TRINITY) And concept of Incarnation(God coming in human form on earth) in and such as Ram, Krishna, Buddha, etc ---- Defining Gods in forms and concepts, stories and myths. Giving different forms, shapes, pictures, idol worship and so on and so forth---Hinduism is more of a ritualistic belief. it is a combination of rituals, beliefs, stories and myths. And there is no ending of these rituals and beliefs. You can get gods in varieties of shapes and forms as per your desire in hindusim. What I really know is that it is such a mystical and fallacious belief ?because I need to do lot of research just to know who is who and what is what in Hinduism which I will never do because I don?t want to get confused myself. Hinduism is a ocean of false beliefs and practices because in any way you can look at ?its mystery unfolded or mystical belief and whats pathetic and foolishness about this belief ?there is no reasoning attached to this belief- that?s why I said its a mystical belief and If I will go into reasonings for this belief ?it would be greater foolishness from the part of me because falsehood is in all varieties available in this belief (it is a cycle of falsehood) and that which is apparent, clear and evident for me. Because I know ?God has given a human being such a system(mind) in which there is bydefault--- thinking, common sense, understanding, reasoning, knowledge, information, etc so if we stops to think, use common sense, apply reasoning,?then whats the difference remains between donkey and a man? First of all, I don?t believe in reasoning, as I got common sense and understanding, the question of reasoning doesn?t even arise. And if I have to reason with anyone then I will first reason with myself to know ?what is right and wrong and what is truth and falsehood. One can do reasoning considering falsehood to defend it or support it, Infact tens and thousands of reasoning, justification to support the false belief and being convinced about it. But Universal Truth is above all and not dependent upon reasoning or justification. And the question of reasoning doesn?t even arises as far as Qur?an is concerned, because Qur?ans message is ultimate truth, supreme and undoubtedly word of God ? I can still copy-paste more than thousand verses below which I know its ultimate truth ? Only one verse is sufficient for me now to make you litte more aware. Say ?O people of the Scripture, let us come to a common understanding between us and between you; that we do not serve except God, and do not set up anything at all with Him, and that none of us takes each other as patrons beside God.? If they turn away, then Say ?Bear witness that we have surrendered.?-------------------------------(Qur?an 364) SECTION 10 READ THE QUR?AN Whenever I have presented Qur?ans verses(in this article so far), never think that Qur?an only says this what you have just read till now, (the verses of Qur?an). Yes ofcourse, Qur?an says this but besides this also Qur?an has so much To convey - that I need to ?Copy-Paste? whole Qur?an for someone who hasn?t read the Qur?an ?-Because it is not the whole Qur?an in totality or entirety---- Because I have just based this article on the topic of presenting ?Universal Truth? ----covered only basic or primary belief of islam (La Ilaaha illah laah). Read the Qur?an if you haven?t read it, Read it, if you want to know everything about it - To know what you want to follow in this life, or Even to know what you don?t want to follow in this life ?Read the Qur?an. Don?t go against message of Qur?an until or unless you have read it full. And My intention to write this article was only that I tried to present the Islam in simplest way as per my understanding ?I haven?t yet presented the Qur?an as how wonderful the Qur?an is as per my understanding --- This much knowledge I shared with you was the starter point of my belief and practice of islam (submission to God) it has become my way of life--- My Understanding of Qur?an message grown loops and bounds in the past 6 years----And my attachment and bonding to message of Quran(word of God) continues.. (praise be to God).. And I am feeling glad that I have written this article, because I feel greater happiness when I utilize the verses of Qur?an- because all through out writing this article, I have a feeling - ?that Iam missing out so many verses of Qur?an? because I know ??Qur?an is a book of Complete Guidance? ---I will continue my journey and my expression of life utilizing more and more verses of Qur?an in coming articles (God willing) to make my faith stronger and for giving me utmost happiness. Following are the topics I wish I can cover in future as per my understanding (God willing) Code of conducts for human beings How Prophets conveyed divine message Disbelievers attitude to refute the truth Scientific and Mathematical Miracle in Qur?an Day of Judgement Heaven And Hell And I don?t need to do any research to cover these topics?my content is already there with me (ie Qur?an) About Me As far as I could remember about myself from my childhood days. I know myself to be a jolly, fun loving and cheerful kid, I would often indulge myself in things being petty though but delightful for me And yes childrens have their own way of finding joy from anything and I used to be a kid who would keep himself happy all the time and something everyone loved being in a joy of childhoold -- the attraction of innocency and simplicity are the characteristics of childrens. I real essence of childrens that they have so much in them infact as its like a child represent a whole world within himself--though may not apparant but inside in their thoughts -- world which is growing, wanting to know, so that he would be once become participant of outside world -- As for me, those were the days of my childhood where I could understood whole lot of myself, my nature, and my soul from my early days of my childhood. There is no particular incident requires to be mentioned here from my childhood days or nor in my teenage days- Except the fact simplicity, honesty and innocency are the basic characteristics of my nature that is deeply rooted from my childhood days. As far as my background- i was born in ulhasnagar(small town) it is in the outskirts of Mumbai city (India). And In a hindu family. Basically, my parents aren?t much religious but the traditionally following all the basic rituals of hinduism, and I was among participant of all kinds of rituals and festivals of Hinduism from my childhood to my maturity ie till the age of 21. Hinduism was for me, from my perspective from beginning itself is more like a tradition than a religion. Tradition of worshipping different Gods such as?Ram, Krishna, Ganpati, etc but that is a religion of Hinduism and a part of life for me too till I became aware of aware of Islam (submission to God) and Universal Truth (Qur?an) ? Differentiation of falsehood and truth became apparent for me, when I came to know about Islam. But In true sense I was introduced to Islam (from some of the articles that I had read initially) just like so far you have read this article of mine, similiarly I was introduced to Islam by a muslim friend lives in my neighbourhood and He was the one who had given me books and articles of Islam. The meaning of the word ?Islam? (submission or surrender to God), and meaning of follower of Islam (person who surrenders to God is called muslims)- were itself surprising for me in a sense I wondered something is there in this religion which I should know about? My elder brother first converted to Islam and I used to had talks with him regarding God and Day of judgement etc. Again something which was obligatory to me was reading the Qur?an to know everything about it. And By the time I had read first 10 chapters of Qur?an at that period of time, Even before I could continue reading 11th chapters and so on. It was sufficient for me to know that it is the ultimate truth or universal truth I started to offer my regular prayer (salat) to God. And I started following Islam thereafter.. My name is Manish Dadwani (converted to Islam and changed my name to Naeem Dadwani (my muslim name now) six years back i.e., that was the year 2003. And Its been six years from now that I have been following and practicing Islam. Iam now 27 years old ie (ie present year 2009) And as I said before --- My Understanding of Qur?an message grown loops and bounds in the past 6 years----And my
  • Has anybody read the book D.N.Walch "Conversation with God"?

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    There is claim that God always send messengers for people to give message in their own languages.Is it possible that writer of this book can be a messenger? Any thought about this?
  • quranicradio.org???

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    What ever happened to Quranic Radio? I found it on iTunes but it looks like there is nothing past 2008.
  • The Quran: Translation and Study Juz 1,2,3,4,5,30

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    Does any one have The Quran Translation and Study Juz 1,2-3,4, 5 and 30 by Dr. Jamal-un-Nisa bint Rafai? SInce there is no preview page it is difficult to decide whether to buy or not to buy it. Does it contain detailed grammatical notes like Word for Word Qur'an by Muhammad Mohar Ali? If s is it better than Mohar Ali translation or less detailed, as an exercise to grammat studies. A preview of Jamal-un-Nisa Rafai's above mentioned books is required.
  • MOVED: And the women reject you, so what do you do?

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    This topic has been moved to TRASH. http//free-minds.org/forum/index.php?topic=9600048.0
  • MOVED: Where is the edit button

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    This topic has been moved to TRASH. http//free-minds.org/forum/index.php?topic=9599975.0
  • Malek Chebel

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    http//word.world-citizenship.org/wp-archive/1291
  • in it are signs for those who reflect

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    Peace all, I just came accross this short clip... unfortunately it is in Arabic (no subtitles) but I thought I'd share it for those of you who will understand .... http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vW47xQ_PWA
  • Vast update DRC english library on Quranic books

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    Salaam all, Over the last few months, the DRC has been updated and increased http//www.deenresearchcenter.com/Library/EnglishWritings/tabid/58/language/nl-NL/Default.aspx We have added dozens of new books and articles. Sincerely, Arnold
  • Discourses on Surrender

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    Surrender is the finish of any true study. Surrender is the path from Pharaoh to Moses. Surrender is letting go and letting God. Surrender is having no agenda other than the reason of your existence. Surrender is Surrender. Allowing to become who you were meant to be. Surrender is Love for beyond Love. Surrender is surrendering your words so that your speechless wisdom comes. Surrender is ...Life Orgasm. Surrender is blossoming the garden of flowers and letting the wind of mercy heal the thorns. Surrender is Praising God until you realize that you're in fact praising self. Surrender is rebirth from the placenta of the mind. Surrender is joy that only an infant can feel. Surrender is being grateful for your eyesight, hearing and the mind. And surrender is........Invinting the One who opens the chest to surrender. Praise be to GOD. The Lord of the worlds. Surrender is the dawn. Surrender is the patience to allow the body to transform itself so that only the Presence of God remains. Surrender is the the Absolute Love for the Absolute Creator. Surrender is experiencing that you cannot describe. Surrender is when you feel so good that words are not needed anymore. Surrender is the Divine System. Surrender is God do whatever you please with me. I'm yours, you're mine. Surrender is not communing with your senses but with what brings your senses. Surrender is the joy at being at one wth the One. Then one is Zero and Zero Infinite. Surrender is becoming a bee and serving the Lord of Thee. Remember, no bee gets stuck on the flower. Peace, R.
  • CREDs (Credibility Enhancing Displays)

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    I have been reading and pondering 'The evolution of costly displays, cooperation and religion credibility enhancing displays and their implications for cultural evolution' by Joseph Henrich (2009), available online if you google this information. His thesis is that the more conventionally unbelievable particular beliefs are, the more CREDs are required to recruit believers and consolidate commitment to these beliefs. Suicide bombers and martyrs are thus very helpful to the cause of proliferating a message and recruiting messengers. p255 5.2. Preliminary lines of evidence This approach makes predictions about the relationship between ritual, costly acts, cooperation and group solidarity. The three predictions addressed here ask, (1) Is there any evidence suggesting that these packages of rituals, beliefs and costly acts do spread via CGS? (2) Does ritual attendance indeed increase commitments to group ideologies? and (3) Does requiring costly acts improve a group's relative survival compared to groups demanding fewer costly acts? 5.2.1. Belief-ritual packages spread by CGS Ethnographic, ethno-historical and comparative research indicate that belief-ritual packages are spread by CGS. I have only space to mention four studies. In New Guinea, Boyd (2001) describes how a village explicitly decides to imitate the pig-raising package of institutional practices, beliefs and rituals from their most successful and prestigious neighbors. This is prestige-biased CGS. In the East Sepik, Tuzin (1976, 2001) analyzes how the largest village in the region (five times larger than average) sustains harmony, cooperation and solidarity using a package of costly rituals, ideologies and institutions that was copied from the Abelam, a highly successful and aggressively expanding society. In the New Guinea Highlands, Wiessner and Tumu (199 describe belief?ritual complexes associated with painful or frightening rites, which promote ?identity, welfare and unity,? as spreading by a process of emulating the more successful groups. Such rich ethnography helps us understand the cultural evolution of the observed relationship between warfare and costly rites for males (Sosis, Kress, & Boster, 2007). Increasing warfare means cultural groups with more costly rites galvanize greater cooperation and solidarity among males (more commitment to group ideals), and thus these groups survive, expand and are imitated more frequently by other groups. 5.2.2. Costly rituals will elevate people's degree of belief commitment Participation in rituals involving costly acts will elevate people's degree of belief commitment. If the professed beliefs involve group commitment, cooperation toward fellow ingroup members, or the hatred of out-groups, then ritual attendees will trust, identify and cooperate with in-group members more than nonattendees. Demonstrating this, Sosis and Ruffle (2003, 2004) performed behavioral experiments among secular and religious members of Israeli kibbutzim to explore the relationship between ritual participation and cooperation. In these experiments, two anonymous participants from the same kibbutzim were given a monetary sum and a one-shot opportunity to contribute any portion of it to a common pot. Whatever money was contributed to this pot was increased by 50% and split equally between the pair. Pure self-interest favors contributing zero to the pot, so positive contributions are a measure of increasing cooperativeness towards the other player. Consistent with the above prediction, their results show that greater attendance at public rituals predicts higher contributions in the religious kibbutzim (controlling for a variety of other factors). These findings also illustrate the expected link between ideological commitment, ritual and in-group favoritism. Sosis and Ruffle (2003, 2004) also used treatments in which participants knowingly interacted with either another anonymous kibbutzim member or another Israeli in general. High ritual attenders in religious kibbutzim contributed substantially more to their fellow kibbutzim members compared to nonmembers. Members of secular kibbutzim treated fellow members in the same way as other nonmember Israelis. This suggests that ritual attendance is associated with in-group favoritism. Work by Ginges, Hansen and Norenzayan (2007) affirms this link between ritual participation and commitment for both in-group cooperation and out-group aggression. Both survey and experimental findings from Palestinians and Jewish Israelis show that ritual participation predicts more support for suicide bomber attacks against outgroups independent of religious devotion (as measured by prayer) and a wide range of other factors. Similarly, using representative samples of Indonesian Muslims, Mexican Catholics, British Protestants, Russian Orthodox, Jewish Israelis and Indian Hindus, these researchers also showed that greater ritual attendance, independent of a person's prayer frequency and other factors, predicts both declaring a willingness to die for one's god or gods, and that other religions are responsible for much of the world's troubles. p256 5.2.3. Groups that require more costly acts (CREDs) galvanize greater solidarity and cooperation because these displays effectively transmit belief commitment In their study of utopian communities, Sosis and Bressler (2003) assembled data on longevity, group size and costly requirements (e.g., rituals, taboos, etc.) for 83 religious and secular utopia movements in the 19th century. Costly requirements included restrictions on food, sex, material possessions, marriage and parenting rights, among other things. As predicted, the number of costly requirements strongly predicts the longevity of religious communes, though this effect does not emerge for secular communes. The authors also explored some contextual data suggesting that the driving factors for longevity were indeed related to solidarity, group commitment, and cooperation. They report that some commune members explicitly recognized that costly requirements increased the belief commitment and solidarity of members. These findings, in addition to illustrating the relationship between costly displays and group success (as measured by group survival), provide a stark example of CGS in action. These communes varied in their number of costly requirements and the data show that those with the most costly requirements survived longer. Over time, the differential survival of some groups ratcheted up the mean number of costly requirements per commune by selecting out those groups unable to sustain solidarity and cooperation. It is difficult to interpret this as anything but a prime example of CGS influencing cultural evolution. The authors, however, use these data to support a ritual signaling hypothesis, arguing that signaling predicts that those individuals who are committed to the group's ideals will be able to perform the costly requirements more cheaply than nonbelievers (the less committed) and thereby sustain more cooperation by suppressing free riders. There are several problems with this interpretation. (1) These findings are derived from a pattern created by a historical process in which groups with more costly requirements survived longer than groups with fewer requirements. It is not clear how their signaling hypothesis actually predicts such group dynamics or historical processes. The signaling models cited by these authors are not ? at this point ? imbedded in a cultural evolutionary framework capable of yielding historical (nongenetic) dynamics occurring over decades. (2) This signaling approach does not predict that costly requirements will ratchet up commitment to beliefs or ideologies. The authors, however, report that commune members believed costly requirements did increase group commitment. (3) In contrast to most signaling applications, it is not clear why (in a fitness sense) it is more costly for nonbelievers to perform the costly requirements than for believers (more committed people). Holding a particular mental representation is not obviously parallel to possessing a physical attribute, like size, strength or stamina (as in the nonhuman literature on signaling). In nonhuman cases of signaling, it is often clear why creating a certain kind of signal is more costly for some individuals than others. Smaller animals, for example, cannot just ?get big? for signaling purposes. But a human could always acquire a mental representation, if holding that representation will lead to higher fitness. Approaching this requires a theory of belief acceptance (i.e., a theory of cultural transmission) to explain where these ideologies come from, why people are committed to them and why humans (and not other animals) have ideologies, which can be committed to, in the first place. (4) Lacking a theory of cultural learning, it is unclear why members do not just invent more costly requirements and thus obtain more group benefits. If this is ? in fact ? because the requirements are culturally transmitted or that multiple signaling equilibria exist (which is likely), then one is back to needing to embed signaling in a theory of cultural evolution. (5) A broader problem with ritual signaling theory is the lack of any formal evolutionary model showing how this can solve the n-person prisoner's dilemma. Existing modeling efforts suggest that it cannot (McElreath & Boyd, 2007). And, since both signaling models (Bergstrom, Szamado, & Lachmann, 2002; Lachmann & Bergstrom, 2004; Lachmann, Szamado, & Bergstrom, 2001) and n-person models of cooperation (Boyd, 1988; Boyd & Richerson, 1992) have repeatedly yielded results (including multiple stable equilibria) that contradicted previous verbal theorizing, modeling this seems crucial. Nevertheless, both my hypothesis and a version of the above signaling hypothesis may be important to explain the intersection of rituals, belief and cooperation. Individuals likely need to both calibrate their degree of commitment during cultural learning and assess the degree to which their fellow group members are also committed and willing to cooperate. Norm adherence and cooperation will be maximized when (a) individuals' commitments are deepest and (b) everyone believes everyone else is also deeply committed. The problem with much existing work is that it fails to address how people get deeply committed to certain beliefs?such as those involving counterintuitive agents? in the first place. 6. Discussion implications for understanding religion These ideas have numerous implications for understanding the cultural evolution of various religious phenomena. p257 Here I will sketch how some of these processes may have shaped certain aspects of religion. 6.1. Why are religions often associated with prestigious paragons of virtue who make (or made) costly sacrifices? Applying the above reasoning to this question begins by considering our evolved psychology for cultural learning. In learning how to behave and what to believe, learners give weight to both prestige and CREDs, among other things. Thus, successful cultural forms, especially those involving deep commitment to counterintuitive beliefs, will tend to begin with and be sustained by prestigious individuals performing CREDs. Cues of prestige influence who people pay attention to for learning, while CREDs convince them that the prestigious model really believes (is committed to) his or her professed beliefs. The ?virtuousness? arises from these prestigious individuals' role as models. CGS will favor, over long swaths of historical time, religions with role models who effectively transmit beliefs and practices that strengthen in-group cooperation, promote intra-group harmony and increase competitiveness against out-groups. 6.2. Why martyrdom is powerful As a corollary of the above, martyrs ? be they suicide bombers or saints ? can provide powerful CREDs to learners regarding their degree of commitment. Anthropologists have considered suicide bombing as a costly signal of group commitment (Atran, 2003; Sosis & Alcorta, in press), which it may be. However, this approach fails to explain the impact of these costly actions on learners' beliefs. The most important thing about martyrdom is not that everyone now knows the martyr is a committed member of the group (signaling), but that observing this CRED increases the commitment of the (still living) learners ? i.e., some moderates become radicals in the process. Two cases help illustrate this point. First, early Christian martyrs, executed in public events, are believed by many (Stark, 1997), including observers at the time, to have substantially fueled the spread of early Christianity. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, after being condemned to be ripped apart by wild beasts in a Roman amphitheatre exulted in his opportunity to ?imitate the passion of my God!? He then wrote letters to Christian communities along the road to Rome, who might attempt a rescue, pleading with them to allow him to go and die. A Platonist philosopher, Justin, explains that he was convinced of the divinity of Jesus and converted to Christianity, after personally witnessing the commitment demonstrated by the torture and death of some martyrs. Justin was later martyred himself (Pagels, 1989). Second, back in his hometown of Zarqa, Jordan, the death of the locally prestigious Palestinian Abu Musab al-Zarqawi at the hands of the American military ignited an epidemic of young male volunteers flowing into Iraq for martyrdom, often to die as suicide bombers. This reasoning explains why the oppression of religious minorities, or other ideologically committed groups, may actually energize the spread of these groups. Governmentdirected crackdowns, involving torture and execution, provide the faithful with opportunities for CREDs. Interested members with low commitment might not otherwise have the opportunity to observe a potent CRED from a prestigious leader, such as seeing them crucified, stoned, beheaded, eaten by wild cats, etc. Making these displays public is a really bad idea if you want to stamp out a religious movement. 6.3. Why religious leaders take vows involving celibacy, fasting and poverty Beliefs of any kind, but especially the counterintuitive ones found in religions, will best proliferate when expressed by prestigious individuals performing CREDs. Avoiding sex, food and wealth can all act as CREDs of deep belief commitment. Individuals sticking to such vows (or appearing to) increase their potency as transmitters of the faith. Religions that prescribe the avoidance of food, sex and wealth among leaders, while effectively dealing with the obvious defection problem, will tend to proliferate because they have made their leaders better transmitters of commitment. 6.4. Why are religious ideologies interlaced with ritual sacrifices of various kinds? Sacrifices may involve the killing of a person or nonhuman animal, or giving of money, at a public event. Such acts may arise for many reasons, but in some cases such sacrifices are CREDs that help transmit deep commitments to participants and observers. Religions with such rituals will tend to survive and grow because these rituals instill deeper commitment than would otherwise be possible. From this perspective, costly acts by high status leaders demonstrate ? and thereby more effectively culturally transmit ? the leader's professed beliefs. Atran (2002), for example, relates a scene described in Mayan glyphs in which a new ruler rises to power in Palenque. In the accession ritual, the new ruler first sacrifices a captive, by personally plunging a knife into the victim's chest, and then pierces his own penis three times, in order to pull through long strands of bark, which he then watches turn red. Such actions are likely to provide a CRED for some portion of the audience. Observing the leader's display may ratchet up the commitment to the leader's professed beliefs of his counselors, senior members of the government, the military, and perhaps even the populace. 6.5. Why counterintuitive agents (e.g., gods or ancestors) want costly acts The above logic proposes that religions will culturally evolve to possess counterintuitive agents, like gods, that demand or at least want CREDs. The reason for this is p258 straightforward. Counterintuitive agents that demand CREDs can cause the transmission of deeper commitments to that agent and further spread belief in that agent. The more counterintuitive the agent, the more CREDs will be required to sustain commitment. 6.6. Why Mickey Mouse is not a god, and why people do not believe in other people's gods The prevailing view in evolutionary-cognitive circles is that religious representations spread because of their content (Boyer, 2001). However, many of the counterintuitive denizens of cartoons and folktales would often seem to have the ?right? content to become faiths, yet no one seems ready to commit deeply to such representations. Similarly, adherents to one faith often have substantial knowledge of other faith's supernatural agents, yet they are not persuaded to commit to those gods merely by virtue of holding the same representational content as believers. This presents a problem for approaches based exclusively on content, especially when the content biases arise from innate aspects of human cognition. From the theory summarized earlier, we distinguish the effects of content on memory from its effects on commitment to, or belief in, the representation in question. Particular content may increase a representation's memorability and transmitability, but not influence a learner's degree of commitment to that representation. To turn Mickey Mouse into God, we need CREDs, especially by prestigious individuals or large groups (conformist transmission), and preferably by models sharing the learners' sex and ethnicity (two other evolved biases). From the perspective of a learner, the difference between Mickey and Yahweh, or Yahweh and Zeus, is that learners observe members of their social group, including their chosen models, performing CREDs. This makes religious commitment a cognitive, social and cultural evolutionary phenomenon. 7. Conclusion I began by hypothesizing that, over the course of human evolution, cultural learners faced an adaptive challenge created by our increasing capacities for symbolic (cheap) cultural transmission. To meet this challenge natural selection favored a reliance on CREDs in determining how much to commit to, or believe in, a particular representation. Learners evolved to look for displays (often actions) that indicate a model's degree of commitment to, or belief in, verbally expressed representations. These CREDs are actions that (a) are consistent with a model's professed beliefs, and (b) a model would be unlikely to perform if he believed something different from what he expressed symbolically. Building on this, I examined the implications of this evolved bias for cultural evolution by constructing a simple formal model. The model reveals a wide range of conditions under which this reliance on CREDs can create multiple stable states, with one of these involving an interlocking combination of a costly practice and a belief. Such situations can arise when (1) particular practices influence the transmissibility of certain belief adoptions (CREDs), (2) committing to a belief favors some practices over others (compatibility content bias) and (3) learners tend to copy more successful people (prestige-bias cultural learning). The presence of multiple stable equilibria involving a costly practice sets up the conditions for Cultural Group Selection. Some stable practices may be only individually costly while others may also contribute benefits to the social group. Social groups that have stabilized on costly practice?belief combinations that deliver group benefits, in the form of cooperation, solidarity and group success, can spread at the expense of social groups at alternative equilibria. This leaves open the possibility that particular groups may get stuck at cultural equilibria involving interlocking belief?practice combination that are purely costly. Over the long haul of culture history, CGS will ensure these groups do not spread, though they may endure for long periods (Edgerton, 1992). Overall, this approach suggests that the frequently observed connection between costly actions and rituals with larger-scale cooperation, solidarity and success in intergroup competition may be an emergent product of the interaction between an evolved cognitive adaptation for avoiding exploitation during social learning and larger-scale processes of cultural evolution. I'd be interested in any thoughts others might have.
  • Submission to the Truth

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    Is it clear to u that there is absolute Good & Evil? Have u decided to live upto it? Do u guard it? Thats Iman & Taqwa.
  • SUCCESS EXPRESSED FROM A PERSPECTIVE

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    SUCCESS EXPRESSED FROM A PERSPECTIVE. To acquire an understanding of a thing, the context of its existence is inevitable. The said thing is the content, the platform of it existence constitute the context. Nothing exists in isolation in this sense. When we take human being for example, his environment is the context. By environment, I mean the physical world, accessible to him. Among the complexities in human life is that prominent in his environment are other human beings like him and this, he is aware of. So, we may not be wrong to say that a person is his environment. The life of a human being is only manifest via the physical world. The situation is the same with the entity we call life. Life whatever it is, is manifest only via the material things known to us. Yes, a human being is not a product of his environment, but in our quest to understand human life, we can?t but to view it viz-a-viz his environment. Broadly speaking, the life of a human being is a combination of his conscious and unconscious activities. The unconscious activities far outweigh the conscious ones. The said unconscious activities sometimes give rise to our conscious activities and handle their completion. Take hunger for example, the feeling which comes to our level of consciousness as hunger is preceded by the activities of the brain below our consciousness. And when we eat, once the food has been swallowed, the rest activities of digestion are handled below our consciousness. However, a person is held responsible for his conscious acts. The conscious life of a human being is private and public as well. This fact can be expressed from two perspectives. Viz ? The outward acts of a person which he does privately are his private life while the ones he does before at least another person constitute his public life. ? The entire thought processes of a person constitute his private life while the resultant desires which he manifests outside whether in private or public are his public life. Going by the latter explanation above, the public life of a person is determined by his private life. A person based on his thought first desire, and then he goes to act in order to fulfill the desire. This is the life of a human being, it is a cycle, the cycle of desire and satisfaction. At each time a cycle is completed in a person?s life, he learns. Whatever is learnt is the basis of a subsequent desire and so it continues. Get it right, it was mentioned earlier that our desires are the result of our thought process, when we are thinking; we are simply working on what we know, that is, what we have learnt. Please be attentive, if the life of a person starts with desire which when fulfilled, he learnt and the learning is a basis for desire, what was the original learning, based on which the initial desire emanated? Actually, we enter into this world not knowing anything and our life is governed by instincts, the unlearnt pattern of behavior but the said instincts were soon replaced by learning. The imbedded learning , which is the original learning with which a person commences his desire is ashahawa. The process of our life at the early childhood was a very simple one. We entered into the world with a comfort state which we were not aware of until it was altered by the external environment which was strange, and then we desire and struggle to regain it. This simple scenario was the first cycle of desire and satisfaction in our life. The learning which took place here was association of love to the said initial state and the things by which it was regained and hatred to the things which first altered the state. Our life, as complex as it is at adulthood still follows the same process. This means, in the journey of life, the product is knowledge. Therefore, the most precious thing one can ever boast of in this life is nothing but knowledge. The acquired ability to correctly analyses the past, handle the present and of course prepare for the future. A person interacts with his environment according to his knowledge and accordingly experiences tranquility. We human beings grew up to realize that we are not just living but struggling to live a happy life. Though this struggle has been right from our childhood, we were not conscious of this until we became adults. It is in pursuant of the said happiness that we engage in our endless activities of life and in the process, we are learning. And as mentioned earlier, by learning , we mean the association of value to things. When this association is done correctly, knowledge as defined above is acquired. However, due to some factors , we do sometimes associate wrongly at various level s of our endeavor in life. This we are enabled not just to realize but empowered to correct. Among the wrong association we have done in life is associating happiness exclusively to material acquisition, to fame, to power, regardless of the means of acquisition. In this regard, there are people we come to believe have achieved happiness in life. We admire them and looked forward to being like them. To us, they are fulfilled in their life. We called them the successful ones. There are from among us who eventually joined the rank of the said successful. ?Oh they are lucky, they have finally succeeded; will we ever be like them?? So we lament we the unfortunate ones who are yet and may not taste the said fulfilled life. This constitute actual source of worry and anxiety to some. The question is this, these people we looked unto ? the? successful ones?, what have they which we do not have? Obviously they are more comfortable than we are and are given more? respect? and ?audience? when they talk in the society whereas we are not. If success is the realization of the goal for which a thing is meant for, they are indeed successful but on the condition that we are actually created to amass wealth as much as possible thereby commanding ?respect? in the society; they are indeed successful if they are living a happy life by virtue of their acquisition of wealth and being respected. Here I define happiness as the tranquility of heart. That is, the state of heart being at rest, devoid of worry over the past and anxiety over the future. It is an undeniable fact that as human being, we have material body which has to be attended to materially and in this regard wealth is inevitable. As creatures with values, we are created to respect and be respected. So, it is normal for us to strive to earn the means of attending to our material needs. There is nothing wrong with one wanting to be respected just like he/she respects others. But there is everything wrong with taking acquiring wealth as much as possible to be respected by others the essence of existence. This is indeed a wrong association . It is an illusion of the highest order. I REQUEST TO BE CHALLENGED BY THE SAID SUCCESSFULONES THAT THEY ARE DEVOID OF WORRY AND ANXIETY; THAT THEIR HEART IS AT REST EXCLUSSIVELY BY VIRTUE OF THEIR ACQUISITION. The truth is that some of them are so entangled with worry and fear that they could not even appreciate their material comfort. THERE IS MORE TO LIFE. It must be mentioned that what we are witnessing today where by some few have and are amassing wealth while depriving others of their basic needs in life is not the natural arrangement. The present trend of affair in which the generality of people are enslaved materially and thought wise is a crime. It is a crime which must be arrested. A task to be accomplished by the truthful ones who realize the need to return the stolen right of human being to him. There is indeed a purpose to life. There is a purpose for our existence which when realize yield enduring happiness and is experienced as tranquility at heart. Here lies success. We have a creator, who created us not out of our right the best among His creatures; who has nothing to gain from our failure and nothing to loose from our success; that is not in anyway in need of us yet has made our guidance his priority and put the universe at our instance. The creator has put in place a principle governing the universe human beings inclusive. What is required of us is to uncover this reality and live accordingly. Only then we can be in harmony with ourselves and the world. By this process the heart is built-the essence of life. Success as a feeling of achievement is in our private life not public. Yes, it can be, and is manifest in our public life but we, human beings can and do pretend in our expression of lives. So, what we put up in the public is in most cases, not the reality. A person who is frustrated in his private life can put up something else in the public. Though, there a few that confess their failure of private life notwithstanding what is apparent. Among the fundamental realities of life are ? The satisfaction from material acquisition is true but ephemeral. ? The satisfaction from fame is true but ephemeral. ? The satisfaction from power is true but ephemeral. The quest of the heart is enduring and it needs enduring satisfaction and this is achieved via a righteous living. The quest of the heart is enduring so that a person in his righteous life can ever remain active and progressive in continuous uncovering the realities of life. This is life, but unfortunately, a path traveled by very few. The greatest obstacle to the aforementioned life is the inordinate desires in us, the stumbling block to the truth, and of course the optical delusion of our consciousness. Freeing ourselves from the prison of desire is a prerequisite to the world of reality. The beauty of life is that every human being has equal chance in this struggle of life. It is an act based on choice for it is not imposed. Any one who has taken this bold step and is steadfast on it is definitely moving towards the world of tranquility at heart. This decisive step must be fortified by embarking on outright denial of authority to the system which emanate from human unguided desires as the authority is for the creator alone. This is a path of choice amidst numerous choices before us . Whoever takes to this path has nothing to fear for this is the truth of life and above all the merciful creator takes charge of his affairs. Indeed, the righteous ones are the successful. THE CHOICE REALLY IS OURS. THINK ABOUT IT. ZUBAIRUS.
  • Is the quran teaching you to convert people or make them more peaceful?

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    peace It is sad when people break up their relations by trying to convert others from ritualistic worship- although i wouldn't accept any of my kids doing ritualistic things to the extent of........, but i can't obviosly expect this from other people. So as long as others are peaceful individuals they can carry on with their rituals any day, i would rather have good relations from day to day with people of any religion. Peacefulness; http//free-minds.org/forum/index.php?topic=13069.0 Just an example; http//free-minds.org/forum/index.php?topic=9597716.0 why don't we see this guy on the forum any more? may be he tried converting his parents........and got banned from coming here...........i wonder, what do you think? peace
  • Holocaust in the Bible

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    holocaust 1 a sacrifice consumed by fire (Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary) The Bible uses the word to denote a high (possibly the highest) form of sacrifice, and is first used in the narration of Noah, who offers holocausts after alighting from the Ark. This finds favor with God, and He resolves never again to curse the earth (Genesis, 820-21). The next involves Abraham and Isaac, in which God commands Abraham to offer Isaac for an holocaust. Abraham's compliance is followed by God's oath to multiply his seed as the stars of the heaven and the sand that is by the sea shore. (Genesis, 222-17) "Holocaust" used for human sacrifice 4 Kings; 3,27 Then he took his eldest son, that should have reigned in his stead, and offered him for a burnt offering upon the wall and there was great indignation in Israel, and presently they departed from him, and returned into their own country. The above translation is Douay-Rheims version; while the same term is rendered "holocaust" in Genesis (820, 222), here it has been presented as "burnt offering".
  • A Thrilling Read!

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    http//www.alsadiqin.org/en/index.php/The_Persian_and_Islamic_conquests_of_Jerusalem This thing should be made into a movie or something. It proves that Islam was created for a purpose. Enjoy!
  • A CALL TO THE RIGHTEOUS PATH IS A MEANING, THEN LABELS.

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    A CALL TO THE RIGHTEOUS PATH IS THE MEANING, THEN LABELS. Peace all, A call to the righteous path is an endeavor which endures in human life. Therein lies a fulfillment in life .However, there are various labels for those who travel this upright path of life. It is fundamental fact in our life that labels are preceded by meanings. In life we have things and their interactions in existence which we thus label. The things exist first, then, we label them. In the same sense, interactions. Furthermore, the abstractions we derive from the things and their interactions first exist. Theses we label concepts. What we refer to as languages is nothing but the labels. Language is man made and not perfect. In a particular language, sometimes a single thing has various labels, at another time a particular label represent many things, the basis of ambiguity in human languages. While the things and their interactions remain the same under the same conditions, the labels varies from people to people and from time to time. And while some labels are related to the things represented, some are not. What you and I know as land remains what it is anywhere, any time. But in human languages, it has various labels. What you and I know as plant growing on a piece of land remains what it is anywhere, any time . But again, various labels in human languages. The story is the same with our concepts. Look at truth and falsehood among others for example. Truth is the existence of a thing as it is. Falsehood on the other hand is the denial of the truth. But in various languages there are various labels for these concepts. In human expression of life, the labels are sometimes misapplied especially the concepts. At another time, the meanings which labels represent are lost but the labels retained. The issue is this, human beings via their hearts love based on the value of a thing. We protect the said love by hatred. Our value and of consequence our love are in hierarchy. The topmost in the hierarchy is our god and that is what we worship. By worship here, we mean intense love. Human being by his choice has empowered the selfish self in his sacred house which is the seat of love. The consequence is his arrogance and rebellious against the nature. We have by this relegated ourselves below the status of human beings we are created to be. The rule of jungle prevails in our life. The survival of the fittest and the might is right. Human lord over others either by deception or by force. This has been the basis of systems which overtime emanated from human unguided desires. They are the same misguidance but come with different labels. The recent is the celebrated democracy. The fact is that nothing deserves the said sacred house in human life but the merciful lord who out of His mercy not by our right has created us the best of his creatures and provided for us all our needs. What a favor? Here has been and remains the message for humankinds. There is only one lord. That is the merciful creator. There is no human lord. We are all human beings, individuals given brains as our sight and the sense of right and wrong as the guide. Yes, some are grateful and some instead are rebellious and of consequence, we are enemies, yet in the same house, earth, and interacting. The grateful ones who, submit to the lordship of our creator and look forward to give stewardship of the opportunities provided are mindful of their life. Such are the righteous ones, the truthful ones. Again, a meaning but various labels. By my scripture, these are the muslims. A point of importance, among those label as jews , Christians who live this truthful life are by all standard muslims regardless of their labels. And those identify as muslims cease to be should they deviate from the truthful pattern of life. Fundamentally, the righteous pattern of life has two practical manifestations a. Continuous struggle to always accept the truth of issues especially when against our desires. This is a must for us to remain alive on the path of righteousness. It is a continuous struggle so long we are conscious. b. The struggle to ensure that human beings are given their basic rights The right to basic bodily needs needed for healthy living. The right to correct information. Whether or not one would choose to be righteous, a person is entitled to these basic rights. Any system that fails to provide these is oppressive. And no one, I repeat, no one will give the right to humankind as we are all selfish except those who, out of conviction, have submitted their life to the only lord and look forward to give stewardship of their opportunities. It is for this reason the righteous ones have the responsibility to take charge of affairs from the devils, the rebels, the politicians of the world who are at helm of affairs today. Every sane adult has a choice to make in his or her life. It is not late so long a person is alive. The world is created on the truth for that, it is the truth that will triumph. ZUBAIRUS. [email protected]
  • An external critique of the Quran

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    Many of these conclusions will not be unfamiliar to most of you. The writer is Jay Smith, a Christian propagandist, who has drawn these conclusions following the use of various sources (which mostly consist of two words Crone and Cook) that the Hijra was more-than-likely not towards Medina, but towards Palestine; that the Qibla was not fixed towards Mecca until the eighth century, but to an area much further north, and possibly Jerusalem; that the Jews still retained a relationship with the Arabs until at least 640 A.D.; that Jerusalem and not Mecca was more-than-likely the city which contained the original sanctuary for Islam, as Mecca was not only unknown as a viable city until the end of the seventh century, but it was not even on the trade route; that the Dome of the Rock was the first sanctuary; that Muhammad was not classified as God's universal prophet until the late seventh century; that the terms Muslim'/ Islam' were not used until the end of the seventh century; that five daily prayers as well as the Hajj were not standardized until after 717 A.D.; that the earliest we even hear of any Qur'an is not until the mid-eighth century; and that the earliest Qur'anic writings do not coincide with the current Qur'anic text. http//debate.org.uk/topics/history/debate/part3.htm#D8
  • No Way Through (Short Palestine Film)

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    Peace, I believe this is the new wave of Palestinian advocacy. If so I completely applaud this. Enjoy... http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zZhVekDq5Y&feature=player_embedded
  • Help me create the list of peace-promoting authors

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    I wanted to compile a list of English speaking authors who promote peace. I am thinking to include it to my upcoming book Peacemaker's Guide to Warmongers, which is almost ready for publication. I found the following list at http//www.baltimorechronicle.com/special-sites.html I remember some names whose articles I have read in the past. I am not sure about most, though. You may click on the website above and check their links and help me to sift through this list. As you guess, I do not want to include a warmonger in my list... Here are the questions Are there any warmongers in the list below? Do you have other suggestions? Al Franken Al Kamen Alexander Cockburn Ali Abunimah Alison Bechdel Anita Roddick Antonia Zerbisias Arianna Huffington Arundhati Roy Barbara Ehrenreich Barry Crimmins Bernie Sanders Bob Harris Bob Herbert Bob Somerby Charles Peters Chris Smith Christopher Brauchli Christopher Cook Courtland Milloy DailyKos Danny Schechter Dave Zirin Dave Zweifel David Bacon David Cole David Corn David Morris Dean Baker Dennis Kucinich Dennis Roddy Derrick Jackson Diane Carman Donella Meadows Doug Ireland Earl Ofari Hutchinson Edward Said EJ Dionne Jr Elizabeth Sawin Ellen Goodman Ellen S. Miller Eric Alterman Eric Margolis Eric Zorn Eugene Kane Farai Chideya Frank Rich Frank Smyth Gary Younge George Monbiot Granny D Greg Palast Harley Sorensen Harold Meyerson Harry Kelber Harvey Wasserman Heather Wokusch Helen Thomas Holly Sklar Howard Zinn Huck Gutman Ira Chernus Jack Lessenberry James Carroll James Goldsborough James K. Galbraith James Ridgeway Jeff Cohen Jennifer Pozner Jerry Brown Jesse Jackson Jim Hightower Jimmy Breslin Joe Conason John Buell John Dear John Nichols John Pilger Jonathan Schell Juan Cole Karla Solheim Katha Pollitt Katrina vanden Heuvel Ken Silverstein Laura Flanders Laurel Druley Leonard Pitts Jr Leora Broydo Lewis Diuguid Linda McQuaig Lynn Samuels Lynn Sweet Madeleine Bunting Manning Marable Marc Cooper Marie Cocco Mark Fiore Mark Morford Mark Shields Mark Weisbrot Martin A. Lee Marty Jezer Mary McGrory Matt Neuman Matthew Rothschild Max Sawicky Michael Lerner Michael Moore Michael Parenti Michael Tomasky Mokhiber/Weissman Molly Ivins Nancy Snow Naomi Klein Nathan Newman Neal Peirce Noam Chomsky Norman Solomon Paul Krugman Paul Rogat Loeb Pierre Tristam Polly Toynbee Rahul Mahajan Ralph Nader Reggie Rivers Richard Cohen Rick Mercier Robert Borosage Robert Dreyfuss Robert Fisk Robert Koehler Robert Kuttner Robert McChesney Robert Naiman Robert Reich Robert Scheer Robert W. Jensen Sam Husseini Sean Gonsalves Sheryl McCarthy Stephanie Salter Ted Rall The Black Commentator Thom Hartmann Thomas Gumbleton Tom Brazaitis Tom Engelhardt Tom Hayden Tom Tomorrow Tom Turnipseed Tom Wicker Walter Shapiro Wendy Kaminer Will Durst William Greider William Raspberry William Saletan Of course, I would like add other names too, such as Layth al Shaiban, David Michael Green, and your suggestions..