Quran inheritance mistake

[you_gunna_eat_that]

Salaam
You guys may have discussed this is in the thread already but here it goes anyway.

http//free-minds.org/forum/index.php?topic=10927.0
Bro Ahmed Bagat gives a good response in Reply #4. He basically says...
If you take the verse literally there is no scenario that discusses a parents or wifes sum with more than one child. Yet people assume that they have the flexibility to say the scenario applies to parents say if they have more than one child. This means it is quite easy to justify reproportionalization in complicated situations since the injuctions themselves are left a little open to reflection.

[unknownuser]

Peace,

Salaam
You guys may have discussed this is in the thread already but here it goes anyway.

http//free-minds.org/forum/index.php?topic=10927.0
Bro Ahmed Bagat gives a good response in Reply #4. He basically says...
If you take the verse literally there is no scenario that discusses a parents or wifes sum with more than one child. Yet people assume that they have the flexibility to say the scenario applies to parents say if they have more than one child. This means it is quite easy to justify reproportionalization in complicated situations since the injuctions themselves are left a little open to reflection.

Ykumu Allhu F 'Awldikum Lildhdhakari Mithlu a??i Al-'Unthayayni
He directs you God in your CHILDREN (plural possessive pronoun) ? to the male equal fortune the two females

Also want to link these two threads with final summary and template below for future reference...

As already stated, for a sole inheritor there is no need for inheritance ruling, and algebra cannot be applied in all cases. E.g. sole inheritor father, mother, son, sister, or brother ? either unstated or fixed value.

Using algebra, Kalala can be anyone with any shortfall or excess normalized or fixed. Example one can conjecture Kalala means a person under 4 feet tall, someone with blonde hair or whatever?

1 ? 1/6x father ? 1/6x mother - 1/4x wife ? 1/3 siblings ? 2/3x daughters = 0
1 = 2/12x + 2/12x + 3/12x + 4/12x + 8/12x; 1 = 19/12x; x = 12/19
1/612/19 = 2/19 father
1/612/19 = 2/19 mother
1/412/19 = 3/19 wife
1/312/19 = 4/19 siblings
2/3*12/19 = 8/19 daughters
Total of distributions = 1

The phrase for => 2 (i.e. presence of two or more) is given as?
4176 Fa?in Knat Athnatayni Falahum Ath-Thuluthni Mimm Taraka

Seems to be a way when realizing Fa?in ELSE IF when combined with Wa/Wa ?In logical AND/AND IF statements one can write a program following the exact instructions?

START case CHILDREN
Ykumu Allhu F 'Awldikum Lildhdhakari Mithlu a??i Al-'Unthayayni
He directs you God in your CHILDREN ? to the male equal fortune the two females
2 daughters; 1 son -- 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/2; males get equal share the two females
2 daughters; 2 sons -- 1/6 + 1/6 + 1/3 + 1/3
Fa?in Kunna Nis'an Fawqa Athnatayni Falahunna Thuluth M Taraka
ELSE IF they are women over two, so for them two thirds what left
1 - 2/3 daughters = 1/3 son/s; males get 1/3 when females > 2
Wa ?In Knat Widatan Falah An-Nifu
AND IF she was one, so for her the half
1 - 1/2 daughter = 1/2 son/s; males get 1/2 when she is one

START case PARENTS
Wa Li'abawayhi Likulli Widin Minhum As-Sudusu Mimm Taraka 'In Kna Lahu Waladun
And to his PARENTS, to each one from them the sixth from what left if for him was a child
1 ? 1/6 mother/father = 5/6 CHILDREN
Fa?in Lam Yakun Lahu Waladun Wa Warithahu 'Abawhu Fali'ammihi Ath-Thuluthu
ELSE IF was not for him a child, and his parents inherited him, so to his mother the third
1 ? 1/3 mother = 2/3 father
Fa?in Kna Lahu 'Ikhwatun Fali'ammihi As-Sudusu
ELSE IF Ikhwatun were for him, so to his mother the sixth
1 ? 1/6 mother = 5/6 (Ikhwatun + CHILDREN); see 412 for sibling distribution
1 ? 1/6 mother = 5/6 Ikhwatun; see 4176 for sibling distribution

Min Badi Wayatin Y Bih 'Aw Daynin 'b'uukum Wa 'Abn'uukum L Tadrna 'Ayyuhum 'Aqrabu Lakum Nafan Faratan Mina Allhi 'Inna Allha Kna `Alman akman

START case HUSBAND
Wa Lakum Nifu M Taraka 'Azwjukum 'In Lam Yakun Lahunna Waladun
And for you half what left your spouse, if is not for them a child
1 - 1/2 husband = 1/2 father/mother
Fa?in Kna Lahunna Waladun Falakumu Ar-Rubu`u Mimm Tarakna
ELSE IF was for them a child, so for you the quarter from what they left
1 ? 1/4 husband = 3/4 CHILDREN
1 ? 1/4 husband ? 1/6 father/mother = 7/12 CHILDREN

Min Ba`di Wayatin Yna Bih 'Aw Daynin

START case WIFE
Wa Lahunna Ar-Rubu`u Mimm Taraktum 'In Lam Yakun Lakum Waladun
And for them the quarter from what you left, if was not for you a child
1 ? 1/4 wife = 3/4 parent/s
Fa?in Kna Lakum Waladun Falahunna Ath-Thumunu Mimm Taraktum
ELSE IF was for you a child, so for them the eight from what you left
1 ? 1/8 wife = 7/8 CHILDREN
1 ? 1/8 wife ? 1/3 parents = 13/24 CHILDREN

Min Ba`di Wayatin Tna Bih 'Aw Daynin

START case Kallatan (spouse-less and father-less with child)
Wa ?In Kna Rajulun Yrathu Kallatan 'Aw Amra'atun
AND IF was a man to be inherited Kallatan or a woman
Wa Lahu 'Akhun 'Aw 'Ukhtun Falikulli Widin Minhum As-Sudusu
And for him a brother, or a sister, so for each one from them the sixth
1 ? 1/6 sister/ brother = 5/6 CHILDREN
1 ? 1/6 mother ? 1/6 sister/ brother = 2/3 CHILDREN
Fa?in Kn 'Akthara Min Dhlika Fahum Shurak'u F Ath-Thuluthi
ELSE IF they were more than that, so they are partners in the third
1 ? 1/3 sister/s +brother/s = 2/3 CHILDREN
1 ? 1/6 mother ? 1/3 (sister/s + brother/s) = 1/2 CHILDREN

Min Badi Wayatin Y? Bih 'Aw Daynin Ghayra Murrin Wayatan Mina Allhi Wa Allhu Almun almun

START case Al-Kallati (spouse-less and father-less; no child)
Yastaftnaka Quli Allhu Yuftkum F Al-Kallati 'Ini Amru'uun Halaka Laysa Lahu Waladun
They ask your clarification, say "God decrees in Al-Kallati, if human died, not for him a child
Wa Lahu 'Ukhtun Falah Nifu M Taraka
And for him a sister, so for her half what left
1 - 1/2 sister = 1/2 mother
Wa Huwa Yarithuh 'In Lam Yakun Lah Waladun
And he inherits her if was not for her a child
1 = brother; 0 = mother
Fa?in Knat Athnatayni Falahum Ath-Thuluthni Mimm Taraka
ELSE IF they were two, so to them (F) the two thirds from what left
1 ? 2/3 sisters = 1/3 mother
Wa ?In Kn 'Ikhwatan Rijlan Wa Nis'an Falildhdhakari Mithlu a??i Al-'Unthayayni
AND IF they were 'Ikhwatan Rijlan and Nis'an so to the male equal fortune the two females
1 sister; 1 brother -- 1/3 + 2/3
3 sisters; 2 brothers -- 1/7 + 1/7 + 1/7 + 2/7 + 2/7
1 ? 1/6 mother = 5/6 (sister/s + brother/s); males get equal share the two females

Yubayyinu Allhu Lakum 'An Taill Wa Allhu Bikulli Shay'in `Almun
Clarifies God for you that you are (not) misguided and God is with all things knowledgeable.

[Wakas]

peace Nun,

Thanks for your regular input on this subject.

Personally, I have not studied it, but I would like to see an online Quran inheritance calculator one day, where users type in the amount and answer a few questions on their situation, and it works out inheritance shares etc.

Only of course, if it was built upon the correct understanding.

[ths]

Salaam Nun,

You're continued contribution to this thread is very impressive

The topic of inheritance is something that is raised in practically every Islamophobic/anti-Islam site.

If I may, I just wanted to suggest that as the resident expert you write up a thorough article of it to be posted in the articles section, and that way thousands of others could benefit from it being easily accessible and linked to.

Just a suggestion

Thanks and Salaam

[mahmuud]

Hi all,

I think you should also look at this book about this matter

'''''NO ERROR
IN QUR?AN!

ACCORDNG TO QUR?AN

Division of Inheritance

assoc. prof. dr. eng. halis aydemir

No matter in which language you write the words of 'Qu'ran' and 'error'; when you search in the internet, first examples you see in the sites will be about the ones concerning the claim of error related with the inheritance verses in Qur'an. You will see the explanations with these verses in detail and the criticism of how these verses cannot be applied mathematically with some practical examples as well!

Whether such approach directed to Qu'ran is evil-minded or querier is not related with the essence of the issue; in conclusion there is a challenge pointed out mathematically in such critiques and this condition cannot be ignored.

It is out of question that the inheritance division by God is not appropriate mathematically. God is the creator of humankind and the science of mathematics. Now then, it is impossible that God proposes an imperfect division mathematically. It is possible to find similar expressions in corresponding sites.

Therefore, each so-called error to be found in Qu'ran has been transformed into an argument directing to weaken or confute the truth of its being apocalyptic. The claim concerning the inheritance divisions is one of the the most discussed examples and comes to minds first.

While we're discussing about inheritance divisions during Qu'ran Courses that we carried out in the public meetings in Qu'ran Research Foundation (KURAV) auditoriums, we also evaluated this subject mathematically with contributions of my dear friends. Visual and audial records of this activity is available on the website kurandersleri.net. Thanks to inspirations from some of our friends saying that the results we acquired are a little bit different, remarkable and original, we find it acceptable to broadcast by publishing a book.

This study has been prepared as a result of such collective approach. Contrary to popular belief, it is not established on the base of interpretation. It has been carried out on the platform where source text has been considered literally and the differences encountered in formal plan have not been ignored.

I believe that the ones considering the inheritance divisions verses subjected to several speculations until now, one more time from the perspective of this book will realize in a little while that they face with a real mathematical miracle rather than a problematic challenge in number.

Download this book from this site

http//www.quraanicstudies.com/no-error-in-qur-an-division-of-inheritance-according-to-quran/

.

[unknownuser]

Peace,

Hi all,

I think you should also look at this book about this matter

'''''NO ERROR
IN QUR?AN!

Download this book from this site

http//www.quraanicstudies.com/no-error-in-qur-an-division-of-inheritance-according-to-quran/

Downloaded the book and it contradicts Qur'an and most of the examples in this thread.

Example II
Supposing that, the deceased left three daughters, two sons, parents, a spouse and three siblings behind.
In this case, after adjusting from the testament and the debt, the inheritance is divided amongst children as follows

As the daughter takes one share and the son takes two shares, the property is divided into seven parts
each daughter receives a part, and each son receives two parts. Thus, the whole property has been divided amongst children in the first stage.

In every case, when the deceased left combination of daughters and sons, the result won?t change regardless of the number of the children. The whole property is always divided as a complete share for each son, and a half share for each daughter in the first stage.

Read do EXACTLY as stated, no need to interpret a thing or conjecture....

411 He directs you Allah in your children ? to the male equal fortune the two females
IF females = 2

1/2 son
1/4 daughter
1/4 daughter

1/3 son
1/3 son
1/6 daughter
1/6 daughter

ELSE IF they are females over two so for them two thirds what left
IF females > 2 (i.e. 3+)

1/3 son/s
2/3 daughters

AND IF she was one, so for her the half
IF female = 1

1/2 son/s
1/2 daughter

[Noon_waalqalami]

There is a problem in Quran's verses 411-12. 411-12 specify the rules of inheritance in the absence of a will. The contradiction is that when a man dies leaving three daughters, one mother, one father and one wife, the sum of shares that Quran gives exceed 1 and hence not enough wealth would exist to carry out Quran`s command.

Conclusion All attempts to find a solution fail. Contradiction remains.

Please either show that my reasoning is wrong or the translation of verses is wrong or propose another solution with a Quranic ground.
Thank you

Peace Onur, Samia et al who participated on this thread.

After pondering over the verses it finally became clear and all the calculations add up perfectly with no need for the work around with children/siblings shares e.g. only daughter gets 1/2 and 5 sons get remaining 1/2 was a mistake although the few things we did get right especially the kalala definition which I'll open a different thread and list all the combinations. There is too much mockery on the net and all the sites and translations are horrible, contradicting, with not many willing to even discuss this topic or admit there is a mistake in their translations or interpretations.

One of the issues has to do with walad child/son.
It can also mean waladun child/born or offspring.

http//www.studyquran.co.uk/PRLonline.htm

Waw-Lam-Dal = to beget, give birth.

Likewise we did have correct ikh'watun brothers/siblings (at least one male present) and al-kallati (fatherless spouseless)

Here are the verses which if followed literally will give precise amounts with no excess or shortfall.

411 directs you The God in your children to the male like share the two (feminine) so if be females above two (feminine) so for them two thirds what left and if she was one so for her the half and for their parents to each one from them the sixth from what left if is to person walad/son so if not is to person waladun child/born and heirs person?s parents (if only parents) so to his mother the third so if is to person ikh'watun brothers/siblings (at least one male present) so to his mother the sixth from after a will have made in it or judgment your parents and your children not you know which of them closer to you benefit obligation from The God indeed The God is Knowing Wise

412 and for you half what left your spouse?s if not is for them waladun child/born so if is for them walad/son so for you the fourth from what they left from after a will they made in it or judgment and for them the fourth from what you left if not is to you waladun child/born so if is to you walad/son so for them the eight from what you left from after a will you made in it or judgment and if is a man inherited kallatan (fatherless spouseless) or woman and has a brother or sister so for each one from them the sixth so if they were more from that so they partners in the third from after a will is recommended in it or judgment not harmful a will from The God and The God Knowing Forbearing

4176 they seek your ruling say The God gives you a ruling in al-kallati (fatherless spouseless) if a person died is not to that person waladun child/born and has sister so for her half what left and he inherits it if not is to her waladun child/born so if were two (feminine) so to them the two thirds from what left and if they were ikh'watun brothers/siblings men and females so to the male like share the two (feminine) clarifies The God to you lest you stray and The God in every a thing Knowing

Careful attention is to see the kalala 411 with no son; 412 kalala with son; 4176 kalala no child/born

Here is the answer for the example case above 3 daughters, mother, father, wife

411 so if be females above two (feminine) so for them two thirds
2/3 three daughters or 2/9 each

411 and for their parents to each one from them the sixth from what left if is to person walad/son
No son, mother and father are variable. Likewise wife is variable since conditions below are not met either

412 and for them the fourth from what you left if not is to you waladun child/born so if is to you walad/son so for them the eight

2/3 (2/9 each 3 daughters) + 1/3 (1/9 mother, 1/9 father, 1/9 wife) = 1

Here are a few of the different kalala cases ...

411 kalala fatherless spouseless no son (sibling/s variable)
mother, 1 daughter, sister/s 1/4 1/2 1/4
mother, 1 daughter, brother/s 1/4 1/2 1/4
mother, 1 daughter, sister/s, brother/s 1/6 1/2 1/3 siblings share equally

412 kalala fatherless spouseless has son
mother, son/s, sister 1/6 2/3 1/6
mother, son/s, brother 1/6 2/3 1/6
mother, son/s, sisters 1/6 1/2 1/3
mother, son/s, brothers1/6 1/2 1/3
mother, son/s, sister/s, brother/s 1/6 1/2 1/3 siblings share equally

4176 kalala fatherless spouseless no child/born
sister/s, brother/s 21 ratio male to female
mother, sister/s, brother/s 1/6 5/6 21 ratio
mother, 1 sister 1/2 1/2
mother, 2 sisters 1/3 2/3
mother, 3 sisters 1/4 3/4 (unstated so divide equally)

[youssef4342]

Peace be to you guys as well...
May God Almighty make things clear and understandable for us.

[Noon_waalqalami]

411 kalala fatherless spouseless no son (sibling/s variable)
mother, 1 daughter, sister/s 1/4 1/2 1/4
mother, 1 daughter, brother/s 1/4 1/2 1/4
mother, 1 daughter, sister/s, brother/s 1/6 1/2 1/3 siblings share equally

slight correction above mother get's 1/6 if ikh'watun brother/s.

mother, 1 daughter, brother/s 1/6 1/2 1/3

new thread with all combinations http//free-minds.org/forum/index.php?topic=9604035.0

[mahmuud]

Online islamic inheritance calculator

http//www.kurandersleri.net/miras/en/Miras_Erkek_en.html

[Noon_waalqalami]

Online islamic inheritance calculator

http//www.kurandersleri.net/miras/en/Miras_Erkek_en.html

That is your 3rd straight post same link to inaccurate book and dumb calculator?

http//www.kurandersleri.net/miras/en/Miras_en.html
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Halis AYDEMR
Elect. Eng.
Bursa?2010
[email protected]

The author is clueless same as example presented at beginning of thread...

Now if a man dies leaving three daughters, one mother, one father and one wife, the shares are as follows. Three daughters should get 2/3 of the inheritance in accordance with, ?If they are only females and more than two, then they will have two
thirds of what is inherited?. Since the man has children, both the mother and father get 1/6 in accordance with, ? and to his parents each one of them one sixth of what is inherited if he has children.? And according to 412, the wife should get 1/8 of the inheritance in accordance with, ? if you have a child then to them is one eighth of
what you leave behind.? If we add these shares up, we get 1.125 instead of 1 2/3 + 1/6+1/6+1/8=1.125

?Solution? 1 Edip Yuksel

In his endnote on these verses, Edip Yuksel sustains that we should compare the fractions with each other under a common denominator and find new fractions to divide the inheritance by neglecting the denominator. Let us see how this works for our case. The fractions are 2/3, 1/6, 1/6, 1/8. When we equalize the denominator(for example when we make 24 denominator for each) we get 16/24, 4/24, 4/24, 3/24.
Yuksel suggest that we then neglect the denominator and solve for X in 16X + 4X + 4X + 3X= Total Inheritance. If inheritance is 27 golds, for example, then three daughters would get 16 golds, mother would get 4 golds, father would get 4 golds, and wife would get 3 golds. New shares become 16/27 for three daughters, 4/27 for the father, 4/27 for the mother and 3/27 for the wife.

I want to draw your attention to the fact that the way Quran talks about the shares does not allow Yuksel`s method. Quran does not say, ? three daughters should get 2/3, parents should each get 1/6 and wife should get 1/8.? Neither does Quran say, ? the shares for three daughters are 2/3, shares for each parent are 1/6, share for the wife 1/8.? Quran is saying that three daughters should get 2/3 of the inheritance, etc. In other words, Quran has fixed the shares from the whole inheritance. To give an example In Edip Yuksel?s solution, three daughters are getting 16/27. Well, 16/27 of the inheritance is not 2/3 of the inheritance. If there were 27 golds, the daughters should have gotten 18 golds(2/3 of the inheritance). Yuksel gives them 16 golds. Well, if the daughters go to the court for their 2 golds, they have a solid ground( ?we were promised 2/3 of the 18 golds?). The judge would say that it is not their fault that the author of the Quran made a mistake.

See new thread Inheritance according to Qur?an

http//free-minds.org/forum/index.php?topic=9604035.0

[Sabir_Mahmud]

Onur please read this

https//quransmessage.com/forum/index.php?topic=2969.0

[Emre_1974tr]

Resolution of the Inheritance Verses

Each of the inheritance verses, Nisa 11, 12, and 176, actually provides separate formulas for different situations. In fact, each sentence within these verses also discusses a separate situation and formula on its own.

While researching online, I noticed that there are some who point out that these three verses offer distinct formulas within themselves. However, as I mentioned, it's not just the verses; each sentence within them also refers to a different situation and distribution. Each sentence lists a different group of heirs and the proportions they will receive.

Whoever is mentioned in the sentence are the only ones considered heirs. This means either they are the only ones alive, or even if there are others, they are the only ones eligible to inherit.

Because of this, there is actually no need for cross-ratios, common formulas, or the practice of awl as applied by the schools of thought. For instance, the phrase in Nisa 11, "If there are more than two females, two-thirds of what the deceased leaves belongs to them," is a standalone formula (this ratio applies only if the heirs are daughters and there are more than two of them; it does not apply in other cases and conditions).

And thus, the pieces fall into place. In every situation, the inheritance is sufficient. In some cases, there is surplus inheritance, but the verses also shed light on who the surplus amount should go to (for example, Nisa .

Now, let's list the verses Nisa 11, 12, and 176 that discuss this inheritance distribution, and then present a sample analysis based on one of them

Nisa

11. Allah instructs you concerning your children For the male, a share equal to that of two females. But if there are more than two females, their share is two-thirds of what the deceased leaves. If there is only one female, her share is half. For parents, a sixth share of the inheritance each, if the deceased left children. If the deceased left no children and the parents are the heirs, the mother receives a third. If the deceased had siblings, the mother gets a sixth. This division is after the payment of bequests or debts. You do not know which of them, your parents or your children, are nearest to you in benefit. This is an obligation from Allah. Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.

12. For you is half of what your wives leave if they have no child. But if they have a child, you get a quarter of what they leave, after payment of bequests or debts. Your wives get a quarter of what you leave if you have no child. But if you have a child, they get an eighth of what you leave, after payment of bequests or debts. If the man or woman whose inheritance is in question has neither ascendants nor descendants, but has a brother or a sister, each one of them gets a sixth. But if there are more than two siblings, they share in a third, after payment of bequests or debts, with no harm to anyone. This is a command from Allah. Allah is All-Knowing, Most Forbearing.

176.They ask you for a legal ruling. Say, "Allah gives you a ruling concerning one who has neither parents nor children If a man dies leaving no child but has a sister, she will receive half of what he leaves, and he will inherit from her if she has no child. If there are two sisters, they will receive two-thirds of what he leaves. If there are both brothers and sisters, the male will have the share of two females." Allah makes clear to you, lest you go astray. And Allah is Knowing of all things.

Let's break down the information provided in verse 11 as an example.

I mentioned that each of these verses, and even every sentence within them, presents distinct formulas for different situations. Let's offer a breakdown

An-Nisa 11

"Allah instructs you concerning your children for a male, a share equivalent to that of two females."

This means if the heirs consist solely of children, and both male and female children are present, the male children will receive two portions while the female children will receive one portion.

In a simple example, if there is an inheritance of 300 Lira and there is one male and one female child, the male would receive 200 Lira, and the female would receive 100 Lira.

"If there are more than two females, they shall have two-thirds of what the deceased leaves."

In this case, if the heirs consist only of female children and there are more than two of them, two-thirds of the inheritance will belong to them. I would like to emphasize again that this rule applies strictly when there are more than two female children. In other scenarios or under different conditions, this share is not applicable.
(Also, considering the statement in verse 176, if there are only two female heirs, they jointly share two-thirds.)

Continuing with the 300 Lira example, if only female children are heirs and there are more than two of them, they will share 200 Lira among themselves.

"If there is only one female child, she shall have half the inheritance."

As stated in this continuation of the verse, if the deceased leaves behind only one female child (or if there are others, but she is the only one entitled to inherit), she will receive half of the inheritance.

Using the 300 Lira example again, 150 Lira will belong to this single female child.

"If the deceased has children, each parent will receive one-sixth of what is left."

From this statement, we understand that in this case, the deceased has left behind both children and parents, so they also receive a share (one-sixth each).

Out of 300 Lira, 50 Lira will go to the mother, 50 Lira to the father, and the remainder will go to the children.

"If the deceased has no children and the parents are the heirs, the mother receives one-third."

This sentence within verse 11 of An-Nisa refers to the situation where "only the parents are heirs." In this case, there are no children, and only the deceased's parents are heirs (even if there are siblings, they are not entitled to inherit in this scenario).

In this situation, the mother receives one-third of the inheritance. Although the father is mentioned in the sentence, no specific share is assigned to him, so the remaining two-thirds belong to the father.

In this case, the mother receives 100 Lira from 300 Lira, while the father receives 200 Lira.

"If the deceased has siblings, the mother's share is one-sixth of what is left after any bequests and debts are fulfilled."

If the deceased has a mother but no father, and there are siblings, the mother's share is reduced to one-sixth. The remainder is divided among the siblings. However, if the father were present, only the mother and father would inherit the estate, and the siblings would not receive anything (as we understand from the verses, if the deceased has children, the siblings do not inherit either).

Similarly, verses 12 and 176 describe special conditions and formulas sentence by sentence. For instance, verse 12 talks about how inheritance is distributed if the deceased leaves behind a spouse, and verse 176 explains how it is distributed if the deceased leaves behind only siblings. Again, each sentence in these verses contains a distinct list of heirs and formula for inheritance.

Let's briefly examine An-Nisa 176 in this context

176 They ask you for a ruling. Say "Allah gives you a ruling concerning those who leave neither descendants nor ascendants as heirs If a man dies leaving no children but has a sister, she will inherit half of what he leaves. And a man inherits all of what his sister leaves if she dies childless. If there are two sisters, they will inherit two-thirds of what he leaves. If there are both brothers and sisters, the male will receive the share of two females. Allah makes this clear to you, so you do not go astray. Allah has knowledge of all things."

Here, the inheritance shares are detailed if only siblings are the heirs, and, of course, each sentence presents a distinct list and formula

If the heir is only one sister, she receives half the inheritance.
If the heir is one brother, he receives the entire inheritance.
If the heirs are two sisters, they receive two-thirds of the inheritance.
If there are both male and female siblings, they share the estate, with the male receiving the portion of two females.

As an example, let's elaborate on the information provided in verse 11.

I mentioned that each of these verses, and even every sentence within them, offers distinct formulas for various situations. Let's present an analysis

An-Nisa (Chapter 4, Verse 11)

"Allah instructs you concerning your children For a male, what is equal to the share of two females."

In other words, if the heirs consist solely of children and there are both male and female children, the male child will receive two units, while the female child will receive one unit.

In short, if there is a 300 Lira inheritance and one male and one female child, the male will receive 200 Lira, and the female will receive 100 Lira.

"If there are more than two females, they share two-thirds of what the deceased leaves."

This means if the heirs are only daughters and their number exceeds two, two-thirds of the inheritance will belong to them. I want to emphasize again that this rule—daughters receiving two-thirds—applies only in this specific scenario. It does not apply under other conditions. (Additionally, if we consider the statement in verse 176, if there are two female children, they will also share two-thirds.)

Continuing with the 300 Lira example if there are only daughters, and their number exceeds two, they will share 200 Lira among themselves.

"If there is only one female child, her share is half."

As stated in this part of the verse, if the deceased leaves only one daughter (or if she is the sole inheritor), she will receive half of the inheritance.

Continuing with the 300 Lira example 150 Lira will belong to this one daughter.

"For parents, a sixth share of the inheritance to each if the deceased left children."

This means that in this case, the deceased left behind both children and parents, so each parent is entitled to a sixth of the inheritance.

From 300 Lira, 50 Lira will go to the mother, 50 Lira to the father, and the rest to the children.

"If the deceased left no children and only the parents inherit, then for the mother a third."

This sentence from verse 11 refers to the situation where only the parents are the heirs. In this case, the deceased has no children, and only the mother and father are heirs (if there are siblings, they are not heirs in this situation).

In this case, the mother will receive one-third. Since the father is mentioned in the sentence without specifying his share, we can infer that the remaining two-thirds belong to the father.

Thus, in this scenario, the mother will receive 100 Lira, and the father will receive 200 Lira from the 300 Lira inheritance.

"If the deceased left siblings, the mother receives a sixth after the fulfillment of any bequest and debts."

If the deceased left behind siblings and only the mother (but not the father), the mother's share will decrease to one-sixth. The rest will be divided among the siblings. However, if the father were still alive, the inheritance would be shared only between the parents, and the siblings would not inherit anything (as the verses make clear, if the deceased left children, the siblings also do not inherit).

Similarly, in verses 12 and 176, distinct conditions and formulas are mentioned in each sentence. For example, verse 12 discusses how the inheritance is to be divided if the deceased leaves behind a spouse, while verse 176 explains how it is to be divided if only siblings are left behind. As I mentioned, each sentence in these verses contains a distinct list of heirs and a corresponding formula.

Let's also briefly examine verse 176 in this context

"They ask you for a ruling. Say Allah gives you a ruling concerning one who has neither parents nor children If a man dies and leaves behind a sister, she will inherit half of what he leaves. If a sister dies and has no children, her brother will inherit all of her estate. If there are two sisters, they will inherit two-thirds of the estate. If there are male and female siblings, the male inherits twice the share of the female. Allah makes this clear to you so that you do not go astray. Allah knows all things."

Here, too, the verse explains the ratios when "only siblings are heirs," and each sentence provides a distinct list and formula

If there is only one sister as the heir, she receives half; If there is one brother as the heir, he receives the entire inheritance; If there are two sisters, they will share two-thirds; If there are both male and female siblings as heirs, the estate is divided in a 12 ratio (female
).

Moreover, we infer from these verses that if only multiple male siblings are left behind, they will inherit the entire estate, or if only more than two female siblings are left (referencing verse 11), they will inherit two-thirds of the estate, dividing it equally among themselves.

If you read verses 11 and 176 together, you will notice that the shares given to male and female children when only children are heirs in verse 11 are identical to the shares given to male and female siblings when only siblings are heirs in verse 176.

(It's worth noting here that in one sentence of verse 12, both the deceased's spouse and siblings are mentioned as heirs, while in verse 176, "only siblings" are heirs.)

In summary Verse 11 discusses inheritance when the deceased has no spouse, verse 12 discusses inheritance when the deceased has a spouse, and verse 176 discusses inheritance when the deceased has only siblings.

And as is well known, the default rule in the verses is the fulfillment of any bequest, and these shares apply to what remains after any bequest and debts have been fulfilled.

As seen, there is no actual issue of insufficient inheritance or problems like 'awliyah (insufficient estate for shares). The verses provide a flawless explanation of inheritance division. The key point here is recognizing that each sentence provides a distinct list of heirs and a corresponding formula. Each sentence in the verses gives a unique list of heirs and explains what each heir will receive.

When resolving inheritance issues, you should look at who the remaining heirs are and determine which sentence of the inheritance verses applies to this particular situation, then distribute the inheritance accordingly.

Let's solve the well-known case involving three daughters as an example.

"A man dies, leaving behind a mother, father, three daughters, and a spouse. How is the inheritance to be distributed?"

Since both the spouse and the children are heirs in this case, the fourth sentence of verse 12 describes the relevant division (each sentence in this verse explains what to do when the deceased leaves behind a spouse)

"If you have children, then after any bequest and debt has been fulfilled, one-eighth of what remains is for your wives."

According to this sentence, if the man leaves behind his spouse and children, only these individuals are heirs. His wife will receive one-eighth of the estate, and the remaining seven-eighths will go to the children. The deceased's parents or siblings do not inherit in this case.

As I mentioned, each sentence provides a distinct list of heirs and a corresponding formula, and as we can see, the inheritance is always sufficient.

There are only certain cases where there may be surplus inheritance. As I mentioned at the beginning of my writing, there are verses that provide clues as to who can receive this surplus inheritance. For example

An-Nisa (Chapter 4, Verse "And when relatives, orphans, and the poor are present at the time of division, provide for them from it and speak to them words of kindness and justice."

Peace and love.

Emre Karaköse

[Mazhar]

//Nisa

11. Allah instructs you concerning your children For the male, a share equal to that of two females.//

Defective/wanting translation will always lead to faulty perception.

Inheritance from biological parents to biological children

يُوصِيكُـمُ ٱللَّهُ فِـىٓ أَوْلَٟدِكُمْۖ

In semantics First is surface structure and choice of specific words.

Prepositional Phrase coupled with Possessive Phrase فِـىٓ أَوْلَٟدِكُمْ is an indivisible Unit of the sentence. Preposition is adverbial and relates to the preceding Verbal sentence. The subsequent information and the Preposition vividly expresses that the permanently binding instructions relate to distribution of the wealth of the deceased amongst the Offspring (biological children), comprising of female and male gender. In consideration of the second Pronoun of the Possessive Phrase being Definite the First Noun is also definite like- ٱلْأَوْلَٟدِ a broken plural feminine noun denoting the offspring, signifying daughters, or the grouped offspring comprising of daughters and sons.

Therefore, while reading subsequent clauses, this fact must not slip attention that focus of speech is the Offspring (plural noun) ٱلْأَوْلَٟدِ It is broken paucity plural feminine noun but grammatically it is used both feminine singular and plural. The superb choice of أَوْلَٟدِكُمْ reflects to us the beauty of succinctness in the Qur’ān. Singular and Plural feminine hidden Pronouns in subsequent Verbs in the text could refer back to it, affording economy.

Inattention to this fact is usually the cause of misconceptions about inheritance.