Inheritance according to Qur?an
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Peace Recluse -- word/s blind faith is not mentioned rather signs hundreds of times; likewise one has to use logic and cross-reference ?to see? these signs.
2171 and similitude the ones disregard they of like similitude the one shouts at what not hears except calls and cries deaf dumb blind so they not reasoning
291 alif lam meem 292 do calculate/figure the humankind that left they of that say they believe we and they not tested being?
Anyways thread is not about lack of faith or whatever topic and specific to inheritance verses.
inheritance verses summary...
http//free-minds.org/forum/index.php?topic=9604035.msg385440#msg385440
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Peace, wanted to bump the summary ...
411
Children
instructs you the god in offspring yours to the male (i.e. gender) similitude apportion the two (females)1/2 two daughters (1/4 each) + 1/2 son/s
so if kunna/be/are (feminine pl.) nisan/womenfolk fawqa/above two (if 3+ daughters) so for them (f/p) third dual (1/3 x 2 = 2/3) what left
2/3 three+ daughters + 1/3 son/s
and if knat/be she (feminine singular) whidatan/one (female) so for her the half
1/2 daughter + 1/2 son/s
http//i63.tinypic.com/28vy6pf.jpg
Parents
and to parents two said person to each one of them dual the sixth from what left if be for said person offspring1/6 parent + 5/6 child {If mixed gender children use ratios to distribute 5/6}
1/3 parents (1/6 each) + 2/3 childso if not that be for said person offspring and inherit said person parents dual said person (if both parents alive) so to mother said person the third
1/3 mother + 2/3 father
so if be for said person ikh'watun/siblings {i.e. 3+ brothers (use 412) or 2+ brothers & sister or 1+ brothers & 2+ sisters (use 4176)} so to mother said person the sixth
from after instruction/will instructs in it or judgment
fathers yours and children yours not thou knowing which of them closer to you benefit of obligation from the god surely the god be knowledgeable wisdom of412
Husband
and for you half what left azwjukum/spouses yours if not that be for them offspring1/2 husband + 1/2 parent
1/2 husband + 1/3 mother (411) + 1/6 fatherso if be for them offspring so for you the fourth from what left they
1/4 husband + 1/6 parent (411) + 7/12 child
1/4 husband + 1/3 parents (1/6 each 411) + 5/12 childfrom after instruction/will instructs they in it or judgment
Wife
and for them the fourth from what left you if not that be for you offspring1/4 wife + 3/4 parent
1/4 wife + 1/3 mother (411) + 5/12 fatherso if be for you offspring so to them the eight from what left you
1/8 wife + 1/6 parent + 17/24 child
1/8 wife + 1/3 parents (1/6 each 411) + 13/24 childfrom after instruction/will thou making in it or judgment
Kalala single gender sibling/s
and if be rajulun/man inherits kalala (sibling heir; no spouse; no child) or im'ra-atun/woman and to said person brother or sister so to each one of them dual the sixth1/6 brother/sister + 5/6 parent
1/6 brother/sister + 1/3 mother (411) + 1/2 fatherso if kn/be they of more from such so they partners in the third
1/3 two brothers/sisters + 2/3 parent
1/3 two brothers/sisters + 1/3 mother (411) + 1/3 father1/3 three+ sisters + 2/3 parent
1/3 three+ sisters + 1/3 mother (411) + 1/3 father1/3 three+ brothers + 1/6 mother (411) + 1/2 father
from after instruction/will instructs in it or judgment
other than harmful instruction/will from the god and the god knower tolerant4176
Kalala mixed gender siblings
seek ruling your say the god gives ruling you in/concerning al-kalala (the sibling heir; no spouse; no child) if person perished not is for said person offspring and for said person sister so for her half what left and he inherits her if not that be for her offspring1/2 sister, 1/2 brother/s
so if knat/be dual ith'natayni/two (females) so to them dual the third each (1/3 + 1/3 = 2/3) from what left
2/3 two sisters + 1/3 brother/s
and if be they of ikh'watan/siblings rijlan/menfolk of wanisan/and womenfolk (3+ sisters) so to the male similitude apportion al-unthayayni/the two (females)
3/5 three sisters (1/5 each) + 2/5 brother/s
2/3 four sisters (1/6 each) + 1/3 brother/shttp//i68.tinypic.com/2lufhcl.jpg
1/6 sister + 1/6 brother + 2/3 parent
1/6 sister + 1/6 brother + 1/3 mother (411) + 1/3 father1/6 sister + 1/6 two+ brothers + 2/3 parent
1/6 sister + 1/6 two+ brothers + 1/6 mother (411) + 1/2 father2/9 two sisters (1/9 each) + 1/9 brother/s + 2/3 parent
2/9 two sisters (1/9 each) + 1/9 brother/s + 1/6 mother (411) + 1/2 father1/5 three sisters (1/15 each) + 2/15 brother/s + 2/3 parent
1/5 three sisters (1/15 each) + 2/15 brother/s + 1/6 mother (411) + 1/2 father2/9 four sisters (1/18 each) + 1/9 brother/s + 2/3 parent
2/9 four sisters (1/18 each) + 1/9 brother/s + 1/6 mother (411) + 1/2 fathershows the god for you lest stray ye of and the god in every thing knower
http//oi64.tinypic.com/2rc38mg.jpg
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I am a Master student of theology at UofT. I have done my reflection on the 4th chapter with many verses about heritage but they are all abrogated by the first verse. Quran is not a Law textbook. I will attach my reflection and about the 1st verse of the fourth chapter, please see my weblog
https//godsreligionblog.wordpress.com/2016/11/29/adam-or-eve-who-was-the-firstIt is waste of time if we think God has divided heirs forever.
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EMT1851H Surat al-Baqara An Introduction to the Quran
Emmanuel College Toronto School of Theology
Fall 2016
Reflection Paper
Maddinan ? Al Nesa
Seyed M. Haghshenas
Although Al-Nesa means ?women? in Arabic and almost one fifth of the verses are considering female gender in social affairs like marriage and heritage, it is mainly (144 verses) discussing and explaining worshiping Allah. Beside different quantities, the qualities of the two main topics (whether social affairs or obeying God encouragement) are also different and it seems that many social judgements about women are already abrogated. So contradictory with what the name proposes, the chapter mainly explains worshiping God and God?s characteristics. After an introduction of the chapter, the main topics are discussed in the following paragraphs.
It is the fourth chapter of the Holy Book. Being composed of 176 verses, it starts in Juz
4 and after passing over the 5th one, ends in Juz 6. So its volume is more than a Juz or >1/30 of the Quran. As all Maddinan revelations, this chapter is also a long one with mixed subjects that may happen in an urban community. The verses have different sizes, a few have only one phrase but at the same time some have more than 10 parts. Some parts are only repeating while they may appear to confirm by reasoning or emphasizing. The Sura initiates by a verse addressing people and inviting them to obey their God and finishes with a verse about dividing heir between family members and relatives. Again the beginning verse is a sign of importance for its topic.
Looking at how verses start, three inclusios are obvious, however it is very hard to choose a practical indication for them. Looking more carefully to whole verses, most probably some other meaningful phrases would pop up.
is the first one that is the starting phrase for verses 44 and 51. And surprisingly another set of inclusion starts in between from the verse number 48,
These two phrases initiate two verses ? 48 and 116 ? to surround 67 verses and all 69 verses are about Allah and worshiping except only 68 that will come as my best verse. And they end with a similar phrase to form two verses with three common parts and one different endings,
(١ Two repetitions of a phrase has sandwiched and emphasized two related middle parts. The verse number 131 which shows this intrinsic emphasis, depicts another extrinsic template by being captured by a former verse ? 126 ? and a following one ? 132 ? which both have the same phrase. Moreover, an almost similar phrase is repeated in verse number 171. Going back to 131, the enhanced part claims that the prophet followers are not different than the people of the book and should rectify their beliefs.
Repetitions and Inclusios to-be are inside the worshiping verses but there is only one verse penetrating this region that is about moral issues that is my best verse all over this chapter. Interestingly enough its place is numerically and mathematically is midpoint between 48 and 116 and it is the verse 86. (٦ ?When ye are greeted with a greeting, greet ye with a better than it or return it. Lo! Allah taketh count of all things.?
? O ye who believe! ? is the beginning address of five verses 19. 29.43. 94, 135 and 144.
(٧ (٨ And these two are the smallest verses and both contain a phrase with 19 letters. 67>>>19+4 and 68>>>19 For counting letters the first word of 67 should be ignored and the meaning is not altered.
? O mankind! ? is mentioned three times to launch a verse the first one is the first verse, and the second 170th verses and the last one is 174. The former invites the people to believe in God and the latter introduces the prophet to be followed.
Some famous verses will be discussed simultaneously with the main topics. However a general one will come here (٢ ? Will they not then ponder on the Qur'an? If it had been from other than Allah they would have found therein much incongruity.? This verse has recently triggered many Q,As among scholars to find a response for contradictions that a good one is a new definition for revelation and transference.
Now, let us consider the portion about worshiping. They compose a little more than four fifth of Al-Nesa (144 verses out of 176). One of these verses is the first verse but verses about social affairs are succeeding and a few of them penetrate the worshiping part and the Sura finishes with a verse discussing heritage. This penetrating format also happens vice versa when a few worshiping verses interrupt the initial social block. For instance, the verses 17 and 18 are not homogenous with the block because they are about repenting among the worshiping verses.
The worshiping block starts with the verse 44 that is the first inclusion. It claims that some people of the book has changed scriptures. Many verses afterward address the Jewish or the people of the book. And Muslims are assimilated to them in a sandwiched portion. St. Mary and his son are named to say negative feedbacks about their audience as well as many prophets in a row. The first prophet who appears is Abraham in 54. Four verses 74 ? 77 are encouraging believers to fight in favor of God. 100 is positive toward immigrations.
At last, 44 verses are about social affairs. They can be classified to those which are related to gender differences such as heritage and those that are not gender dependent like donations. In many situations genders are the same but in family affairs, they are different and some cases will be discussed. Nobody nowadays withstand an obvious discrimination such as those that mentioned in the chapter. Those cases are about marriage or heritage. Some verses suggest sharing of wealth with the poor and seem to be nonsense in a modern community as social insurance prohibits unfulfilled needs.
According to the first verse, it is still obscure whether Adam or Eve has been created in advance. Instead of a name, a character is used that is female in Arabic. I think the ambiguity is intentional. Furthermore, this verse is abrogating many following and discriminating verses because there is no clue for superiority of male gender. From biologic point of view, it is easier to create a woman at first if a supposed deity is going to form a couple because a she lacks only Y chromosomes that can be added. I think creation is more like adding than removing.
Some verses about forbidden forms of marriage that are useless now.
is very famous but I see it ironically. Nobody expect God to provide a reason but all reasons should work to approve the claim. Here the reason does not make sense and the verse is abrogated. Superficially it claim that men are superior but the reason is judging men not comparing two genders.
Overall Al-Nesa means women and it includes some verses that judges them inferiorly but they are abrogated by some other verses of the same chapter or even the even verse. So I reflect my idea that this Sura is about God and worshiping.
Ps, I have used Access software for data management and I share it.And the file is for public.
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I am a Master student of theology at UofT. I have done my reflection on the 4th chapter with many verses about heritage but they are all abrogated by the first verse.
Peace "master student" -- why spamming this thread with disoriented thoughts which pop in your head?
Moderator can please move last two posts above to whichever forum, perhaps off topic or trash section? -
Peace, wanted to bump the summary ...
411
Children
instructs you the god in offspring yours to the male (i.e. gender) similitude apportion the two (females)1/2 two daughters (1/4 each) + 1/2 son/s
so if kunna/be/are (feminine pl.) nisan/womenfolk fawqa/above two (if 3+ daughters) so for them (f/p) third dual (1/3 x 2 = 2/3) what left
2/3 three+ daughters + 1/3 son/s
and if knat/be she (feminine singular) whidatan/one (female) so for her the half
1/2 daughter + 1/2 son/s
http//i63.tinypic.com/28vy6pf.jpg
Parents
and to parents two said person to each one of them dual the sixth from what left if be for said person offspring1/6 parent + 5/6 child {If mixed gender children use ratios to distribute 5/6}
1/3 parents (1/6 each) + 2/3 childso if not that be for said person offspring and inherit said person parents dual said person (if both parents alive) so to mother said person the third
1/3 mother + 2/3 father
so if be for said person ikh'watun/siblings {i.e. 3+ brothers (use 412) or 2+ brothers & sister or 1+ brothers & 2+ sisters (use 4176)} so to mother said person the sixth
from after instruction/will instructs in it or judgment
fathers yours and children yours not thou knowing which of them closer to you benefit of obligation from the god surely the god be knowledgeable wisdom of412
Husband
and for you half what left azwjukum/spouses yours if not that be for them offspring1/2 husband + 1/2 parent
1/2 husband + 1/3 mother (411) + 1/6 fatherso if be for them offspring so for you the fourth from what left they
1/4 husband + 1/6 parent (411) + 7/12 child
1/4 husband + 1/3 parents (1/6 each 411) + 5/12 childfrom after instruction/will instructs they in it or judgment
Wife
and for them the fourth from what left you if not that be for you offspring1/4 wife + 3/4 parent
1/4 wife + 1/3 mother (411) + 5/12 fatherso if be for you offspring so to them the eight from what left you
1/8 wife + 1/6 parent + 17/24 child
1/8 wife + 1/3 parents (1/6 each 411) + 13/24 childfrom after instruction/will thou making in it or judgment
Kalala single gender sibling/s
and if be rajulun/man inherits kalala (sibling heir; no spouse; no child) or im'ra-atun/woman and to said person brother or sister so to each one of them dual the sixth1/6 brother/sister + 5/6 parent
1/6 brother/sister + 1/3 mother (411) + 1/2 fatherso if kn/be they of more from such so they partners in the third
1/3 two brothers/sisters + 2/3 parent
1/3 two brothers/sisters + 1/3 mother (411) + 1/3 father1/3 three+ sisters + 2/3 parent
1/3 three+ sisters + 1/3 mother (411) + 1/3 father1/3 three+ brothers + 1/6 mother (411) + 1/2 father
from after instruction/will instructs in it or judgment
other than harmful instruction/will from the god and the god knower tolerant4176
Kalala mixed gender siblings
seek ruling your say the god gives ruling you in/concerning al-kalala (the sibling heir; no spouse; no child) if person perished not is for said person offspring and for said person sister so for her half what left and he inherits her if not that be for her offspring1/2 sister, 1/2 brother/s
so if knat/be dual ith'natayni/two (females) so to them dual the third each (1/3 + 1/3 = 2/3) from what left
2/3 two sisters + 1/3 brother/s
and if be they of ikh'watan/siblings rijlan/menfolk of wanisan/and womenfolk (3+ sisters) so to the male similitude apportion al-unthayayni/the two (females)
3/5 three sisters (1/5 each) + 2/5 brother/s
2/3 four sisters (1/6 each) + 1/3 brother/shttp//i68.tinypic.com/2lufhcl.jpg
1/6 sister + 1/6 brother + 2/3 parent
1/6 sister + 1/6 brother + 1/3 mother (411) + 1/3 father1/6 sister + 1/6 two+ brothers + 2/3 parent
1/6 sister + 1/6 two+ brothers + 1/6 mother (411) + 1/2 father2/9 two sisters (1/9 each) + 1/9 brother/s + 2/3 parent
2/9 two sisters (1/9 each) + 1/9 brother/s + 1/6 mother (411) + 1/2 father1/5 three sisters (1/15 each) + 2/15 brother/s + 2/3 parent
1/5 three sisters (1/15 each) + 2/15 brother/s + 1/6 mother (411) + 1/2 father2/9 four sisters (1/18 each) + 1/9 brother/s + 2/3 parent
2/9 four sisters (1/18 each) + 1/9 brother/s + 1/6 mother (411) + 1/2 fathershows the god for you lest stray ye of and the god in every thing knower
http//oi64.tinypic.com/2rc38mg.jpg
Salam,
Thank you for this brother! Is it final?
Salam
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Thank you for this brother! Is it final?
Peace -- you are welcome; it's my current understanding which resolves all issues particularly kalala case which when one gets really into it was troubling entering into 4176; so many if then else combinations and old Arabic poetry was especially useful.
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Salam
Dear Sir, Quran is not a law textbook. U r busy with something already abrogated. Gender discrimination is not accepted. 2106 provided u with abrogation mechanism. Quran is a miracle forever and more important than heir division. I can explain how all verses with gender differences are abrogated.
masalama -
Dear Sir, Quran is not a law textbook. U r busy with something already abrogated.
Dear seyed, you have 5 pointless posts mostly seeking attention to your site and are coming across as a derelict which we get one/two every few months. If you want to start a discussion have something to share then you are welcome to open a separate thread focus on the topic else please stop spamming with abrogation rants and disappear back into the internet bushes.
Peace!
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Dear Noon waalwalami,
Your theory did make sense. However there is one weak point of it; how do you prove that ma taraka/what is left doesn't refer to a whole of what is left by the dead. This word at the end clearly points that it's about whole that is left
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Dear Noon waalwalami,
Your theory did make sense. However there is one weak point of it; how do you prove that ma taraka/what is left doesn't refer to a whole of what is left by the dead. This word at the end clearly points that it's about whole that is left
peace ? wording is precise see examples ?from? the whole to parents, spouses, less dept, etc.
411 ? the sixth mimma/from what taraka/left if be for said person offspring ? so to mother said person the sixth from after instruction/behest instructed in it or dept
412 ? mimma/from what left they (f/p) min/from after instruction/behest instructed they (f/p) in it or dept ? and for them the fourth mimma/from what left you if not beeth for you offspring ... so if be for you offspring so to them the eight mimma/from what left you min/from after instruction/behest thou making in it or dept ... so they partners of in the third min/from after instruction/behest instructed in it or dept
https//i.postimg.cc/g2tQQtKH/ch4v8-11.jpg
https//i.postimg.cc/6TJ5r58T/ch4v169-176.jpg
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peace, to illustrate issues like this article full of errors/incorrect reading as do most ever written on topic.
https//www.academia.edu/38527753/INHERITANCE_UNDER_ISLAMIC_LAW.docx?email_work_card=view-paper
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Female sibling of the same parents
2/3 if there are two or more -
Female sibling of the same father
2/3 if two or more
4176
so if be dual ith'natayni/two (exactly two females!)
so to them dual the third dual each (1/3 + 1/3 = 2/3)likewise see 4011 ith'natayni/two (twice) not two or more!
Berlin, State Library ms.or.fol. 4313
606-652 CE (95.4%) carbon dated parchment
https//corpuscoranicum.de/handschriften/index/sure/4/vers/176/handschrift/141https//i.postimg.cc/qMtznSPs/ch4v172-ch5v2.jpg
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Abstract
Inheritance is the practice of passing on the property, debts and obligations upon the death of an individual. In Arabic, the concept is embedded in Root . The moveable and immovable assets have become fascinatingly attractive for sensual excitements and gratifications for the majority of people. This being the ground reality, mere laws and regulations to implement justice in all respects in the case of inheritance is quite a difficult proposition for majority of human beings. Therefore, Allah the Exalted encourages creating a situation wherein justice can be established in such matters by heightening the moral consciousness of man and showing of mercy and kindness to those undergoing tribulations. The probable situations obtaining in the case of death of a wealthy Man or Woman are quite many. It will need volumes of laws and regulations yet leaving areas for injustice. The rules and guidelines given for sharing the inheritance are aimed at avoiding heart-burning, bickering and ill feelings among the members of bereaved family. The law of inheritance prescribed for Mankind and made obligatory upon the Believers is based upon the Testate succession and the Mandatory allocations; called and , made by Allah the Exalted superseding the Will to that extent. Specifically covered are situations which are pregnant for abuse of man-dominance and injustice. In such situations, Allah the Exalted has exercised the Authority and Will to demarcate certain parts of the Inheritance, and permanently allocating it to specific relatives in preference to others. The old simple method of dividing into equal shares is adopted like equal parts into which a company's capital is divided these days. The unique feature of law of inheritance promulgated in Grand Qur?n is that Mankind's ever cherished notion of absolute preference to male offspring is inverted by declaring daughter/s, not son/s, the focus and theme of Inheritance.
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Part-I. Definition of inheritance; Arabic Root for semantic domain of inheritance and Roots that collocate
- Inheritance is the practice of passing on the property, movable and immovable assets, debts and obligations upon the death of an individual. The concept of inheritance is embedded in Root . Ibn Faris stated
( ة
. .
That it refers to the thing owned by persons which thereafter is turned towards later generation by lineage/kinship and/or for some other reason.
- It thus denotes inheritance, transfer of sustenance to heirs called http//haqeeqat.pk/English%20Tafsir%20e%20Haqeeqat/00.Tabweeb%20Part%202/001.%20Roots%20originating%20in%20Surat%20002/2.233/508.%20Waris%20Waw%20Ra%20Se/12.gif they who inherit (money, property, heritage) as an heir at the death of previous holder. They can be only those who are for the deceased http//haqeeqat.pk/English%20Tafsir%20e%20Haqeeqat/00.Tabweeb%20Part%202/001.%20Roots%20originating%20in%20Surat%20002/2.064/45.gif plural noun (three or more) meaning kinsfolk, or beneficiaries for some other reason, like under patronage person (in common parlance adopted son). It stems from Root . According to Ibn Faris its primarily signification is
.
That it leads to the perception of nearness; adjacent.
- The fact that only will be legal or collateral/secondary heirs of the deceased is explicitly prescribed
Know it Our Majesty have declared kinsfolk, siblings and under-patronage persons; in order of relative nearness, as heirs for every deceased out of that heritage which the Parents (Mother and Father) and the Nearer-Relatives have left behind.
And as for those whom your right hand had pledged responsibility, thereat, you people (who are leaving heritage) give them their fortune in the inheritance.
It is a certain fact that Allah the Exalted is Ever Observer over everything and affairs.
The first sentence is declarative, a promulgation. Allah the Exalted has made it public that plural three or more are appointed as heirs for all the deceased parents and the Nearer relatives who will have share in the heritage
4. The focus word is Verbal sentence . It comprises of doubly transitive Verb Perfect First Person; Plural/Sovereign Singular; Masculine; Suffixed Subject Personal pronoun, in nominative state; Verbal Noun. It stems from Root which signifies rendering an already existing thing to assign it a different characteristic or state; or inserting something into an object. The second object of the verb is elided as it is otherwise explicit from collocates and the topic of sentence. The are declared as the heirs. -
like under patronage person (in common parlance adopted son).
peace, only if in behest/will ...
334 and not made adiyaakum/adopted sons yours sons yours such yours speech yours with mouths yours and the god speaketh the truth and he guided the path
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peace, only if in behest/will ...
334 وما and not جعل made ادعىكم adiyaakum/adopted sons yours ابناكم sons yours ذلكم such yours قولكم speech yours بافواهكم with mouths yours والله and the god ىقول speaketh الحق the truth وهو and he ىهدى guided السبىل the path
Salam,
Yes,
- Prepositional Phrase لِـكُـلّٛ relates to the following Verb. It is always used in construct-possessive phrase. When used elliptically-extremely concise in writing, it always has the "nunation of compensation" as is the case here. The discourse and the sentence is about allocation of Inheritance, thereby, it manifests that "nunation of compensation" is for each one of the deceased. The object of verb مَوَٟلِـىَ suffices for indicating that it relates to all the deceased and includes the martyrs. كُـلّ It means each, every denoting no exception. This promulgation in irself is prohibitory that the inheritance be given wholly to two persons. The inheritors must be three or above.
وَٱلَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَٟنُكُـمْ فَـَٔاتُوهُـمْ نَصِيبَـهُـمْۚ
Take note about those whom your right hand had pledged responsibility, therefore, you people grant them their fortune in the inheritance. - Who are they and weather they can be included in the مَوَٟلِـىَ not being in real terms kinsfolk-blood relations? The adopted sons are so declared by Allah the Exalted
ٱدْعُوهُـمْ لِءَابَآئِـهِـمْ هُوَ أَقْسَطُ عِندَ ٱللَّهِۚ
You people are hereby directed to call them (adopted youngsters) by their respective Fathers. This is most appropriate and balanced conduct in the judgment of Allah the Exalted.
فَإِن لَّمْ تَعْلَمُوٓا۟ ءَابَآءَهُـمْ فَإِخوَٟنُكُـمْ فِـى ٱلدِّينِ وَمَوَٟلِيكُـمْۚ
However, if you knew not the Fathers of them, thereby, they are your brothers in the Prescribed Code and Physical Procedure ; And they are your Beneficiaries.
وَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُـمْ جُنَاحٚ فِيـمَآ أَخْطَأْتُـم بِهِۦ وَلَـٰكِن مَّا تَعَمَّدَتْ قُلُوبُكُـمْۚ
And there is no cause of embarrassment and disconcert for you people regarding what you erred in the past in this matter; but that is blameworthy which your hearts purposely did.
وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ غَفُورٙا رَّحِـيـمٙا
Know it; Allah the Exalted is repeatedly Overlooking-Forgiving, the Merciful. - The مَوَٟلِـىَ kinsfolk are the ٱلْوَٟرِثِيـنَ inheritors and a solitary son is included in them
وَإِ نِّـى خِفْتُ ٱلۡمَوَ ٰلِیَ مِن وَرَآءِى
And I have felt apprehensive of kinsfolk in situation after me �
وَكَانَتِ ٱمْرَأَتِـى عَاقِرٙا
And my wife has been infertile �
فَهَبْ لِـى مِن لَّدُنْكَ وَلِيّٙا
Therefore, You do give me from Your grace an associate (son) �
يَرِثُنِى وَيَرِثُ مِنْ ءَالِ يَعْقُوبَۖ
He will inherit me and he will inherit from the family of Ya'qoob �
وَٱجْعَلْهُ رَبِّ رَضِيّٙا
And do render him; my Sustainer Lord, a pleasing personality."- It is thus rendered abundantly explicit that only the مَوَٟلِـىَ kinsfolk are the ٱلْوَٟرِثِيـنَ legal inheritors.
Whatever of economic value that passes on at the death of previous holder to the heirs is referred by ٱلتُّـرَاثَ heritage, and by verbal noun مِیرَ ٰثُ heritage, escheat (ultimate proprietorship).
The مَوَٟلِـىَ kinsfolk are the ٱلْوَٟرِثِيـنَ inheritors and both are two-way relational words.
The heritage is described by sentence مِمَّا تَرَكَ ٱلْوَٟلِدَانِ وَٱلۡأَقْرَبُونَ out of that which the parents and the nearer-relatives have left. The object of verb is elided for succinctness and for being obviously understood heritage.
Related Root ت ر ك signifies giving up, desertion, abandonment of a thing. An agent leaves behind estate which becomes another's property. The fortunes accruing to various members of the bereaved family could fluctuate depending upon the number of offspring and blood relatives existing at the time of death of a person leaving heritage.
لِّلـرِّجَالِ نَصيِبٚ مِّمَّا تَرَكَ ٱلْوَٟلِدَانِ وَٱلۡأَقْرَبُونَ
Share is apportioned for the Men partially from the inheritance left by the Parents (Mother and Father) and the relatively Nearer Relatives.
وَلِلنِّسَآءِ نَصِيبٚ مِّمَّا تَرَكَ ٱلْوَٟلِدَانِ وَٱلۡأَقْرَبُونَ
And share is apportioned for the Women partially from the inheritance left by the Parents (Mother and Father) and the relatively Nearer Relatives.
مِمَّا قَلَّ مِنْهُ أَوْ كَثُرَۚ نَصِيبٙا مَّفْرُوضٙا
This share is out of that which has either become diminutive from that-inheritance or has become greater fortune apportioned.
9. The Verbal Sentence قَلّ is the Relative Clause for the preceding Relative Pronoun. The Verb is Perfect; Third person; Singular; Masculine; Intransitive; and Subject pronoun is hidden linking back to the Relative Pronoun. It is derived from مصدر-قِلَّة Verbal noun. It signifies that its Subject has become in diminutive proportion. After Appositive-coordinating conjunction for alternative option is the Verb كَثُرَ denoting something having become in abundance or large proportion.- The wealth moveable and immovable assets have become fascinatingly attractive for sensual excitements and gratifications for the majority of people
زُيِّنَ لِلنَّاسِ حُبُّ ٱلشَّهَوَٟتِ مِنَ ٱلنِّسَآءِ
Know it; the love of erotic predilections - stimulators has become alluring for the people (Men), fetish from the women;
وَٱلْبَنِيـنَ
And liking for having sons has become a longing for people.
وَٱلْقَنَٟطِيـرِ ٱلْمُقَنطَرَةِ مِنَ ٱلذَّهَبِ وَٱلْفِضَّةِ
So has become the desire to have a state of hoarded abundance of Gold and Silver —
وَٱلْخَيْلِ ٱلْمُسَوَّمَةِ وَٱلۡأَنْعَٟمِ وَٱلْحَرْثِۗ
And the marked-pedigree horses , and abundance of herbivore-mammals, and for plenty of harvesting lands.
ذَٟلِكَ مَتَٟعُ ٱلْحَـيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنْيَاۖ
This is the wealth-sustenance-provision of the transitory worldly life.
وَٱللَّهُ عِندَهُۥ حُسْنُ ٱلْمَـَٔابِ
Mind it that Allah the Exalted grants the most appropriate return and abode by His Grace.
11. This being the ground reality, mere laws and regulations to implement justice in all respects in the case of inheritance and other economic problems is quite a difficult proposition for majority of human beings. Therefore, Allah the Exalted encourages creating a situation wherein justice can be established in such matters by heightening the moral consciousness of man and showing of mercy and kindness to those undergoing tribulations. - Prepositional Phrase لِـكُـلّٛ relates to the following Verb. It is always used in construct-possessive phrase. When used elliptically-extremely concise in writing, it always has the "nunation of compensation" as is the case here. The discourse and the sentence is about allocation of Inheritance, thereby, it manifests that "nunation of compensation" is for each one of the deceased. The object of verb مَوَٟلِـىَ suffices for indicating that it relates to all the deceased and includes the martyrs. كُـلّ It means each, every denoting no exception. This promulgation in irself is prohibitory that the inheritance be given wholly to two persons. The inheritors must be three or above.
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Earlier the Arabic text was appearing. Now it seems, some fault in the software of forum that Arabic text is missing.
However, the complete article can be read here and input, critique can be discussed by reference to any point, para.
http//haqeeqat.pk/Economics-Inheritance.htm
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peace, one of the oldest manuscripts dated 606-652 CE (95.4%)
Gotthelf Bergstr??er Archive Cairo, National Library qf 47
https//corpuscoranicum.de/handschriften/index/sure/4/vers/12/handschrift/73Berlin, State Library ms.or.fol. 4313 (i.e. same manuscript)
https//corpuscoranicum.de/handschriften/index/sure/4/vers/176/handschrift/73https//i.postimg.cc/Ssmjg41C/ch4v11-15.jpg
https//i.postimg.cc/dQZ0cvL2/inheritance-4-11-and-4-176.jpg
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Allah the Exalted has allocated inalienable shares for the bereaved relatives in the most simple method by categorizing the deceased in three mutually exclusive types
(i) Parents (Biological father and mother) leaving behind one daughter, or two daughters and son, or many daughters, daughter and son/sons, or more than one son. Parents leaving behind only one son are not in this category.
(ii) Deceased leaving behind alive parents, both mother and father; one son and spouse (wife/wives or husband). Or deceased leaving behind only parents (father and mother) and spouse, but without one son to grieve.
(iii) Deceased (man or woman) leaving behind only single alive parent or no parent, and no spouse, but leaving one son to grieve him. Or deceased leaving behind only single alive parent or no parent, no spouse, no son but leaving behind to grieve him one sister, or two sisters, or sister/s and brothers.
All the three deceased are distinct and exclude one and another. We will not find any other type of deceased in the world.
http//haqeeqat.pk/Economics-Inheritance.htm