A topic for those who study Classical Arabic

nadeem

Peace Samia, Progod, all

Thank you for explaining the participle. I've read a lot, and I feel like I have some grip of it now.

Now I have another question What is the difference between these three

Iz
Izaa
Lammaa

Supposedly, they all mean "when", but are there some subtle differences that I need to be aware of?

Peace,

Nadeem

progod

idh (the first) can be a synonym of idhaa, and idhan. It can also mean behold, so, then.

idhaa can be a synonyom of idhaan. It can mean so, when, if. It is also used before a verb to mean if whereas idhan cannot be used this way. idh can be used this way usually preceding subjunctive or accusative forms of a verb yaf3al/fa3ala (take for instance in yasha' allahu (the phrase in the Quranic verse about saying if God wills on the morrow) and in shaa' allahu (not used in that verse but the most used spoken form of 'if God wills&#039 and yaf3ala instead of yaf3alu.

lamma = when, not yet, whereas, or even la + maa + verb (certainly + negative + verb).

These forms can overlap in certain circumstances in meaning as you can see but also have some slightly different usages.

Godbless,
Anwar

nadeem

Peace Progod,

Thanks for the help! I'd love it if you could give me some examples for each of them, also perhaps examples of wrong usage. That way I'll be 100% sure that I've got it.

Have a great day, bro.

Peace,

Nadeem

progod

idh yu-aakhidhni allahu arjoo al-jannata (when God judges me I hope for the garden) Note this is not yu-aakhidunee. (it technically could be yu-aakhidhanee)
idh waa3ada allahu musaa . . . (when God made a convenant with Moses . . .)
idh Allahu huwa al-kabeeru (Behold God is the great one)
kuntu attakallamu idh jaa-a akhi (I was talking, then my brother came).

idhaa yumkin rajaa-an. . . (whenver (with the meaning of if) possible please)

huwa muhandisun idhaa (So/Then he's an engineer). Less commonly idhaa huwa muhandisun

(idhaa jaa'a nasrullaahi wal-fathu) (When God's help and opportunity/victory come . . .)

Idhan huwa muhandisun, huwa muhandisun idhan (So he's an engineeer).

All off these can be doubled up with fa or wa. Old Arabic/ Classical Arabic likes redundancy with differnet word choice. (it's a form fo eloquence). fa and wa also have functions of sentence starters and commas. Like Giver her an education, the best one. 'Allimhaa fa ahsana ta'leemin

Godbless,
Anwar

I hope that was enough. I know what i am talking about here as I life-long linguist. So I will not respond to the seeders of doubt, (fa) Arab or non-Arab because only true linguist truly think about how things are said, (fa) what is strong and good flow or what is akward (but valid) flow.

Like an Arabic teacher i had would tell me often when I would say certaint things "You can say it and it makes sense but it's weak" And what i said it in more commonly used/established ways he would say "Good, that was strong."

Bigups to Al-faqeehi