Criticism of Mecca and Kaaba
-
I would favour that everything is ordered by variable and is not crazy coincidences, anyone who posses the knowledge of those varibales is the master of unseen and knower of the future i.e the God
I have agreed with this from the start...
I only disagree with the means with which you are presenting your case. What I am saying is that we must not limit these "parameters" and "framework" to relativity It is, for all intents and purposes, an approximation as well. -
Peace maxq
I am not saying that relativity gives answers to evrything but I am saying that it is more realistic, practical, logical and as understanding increases we would be able to calrify the relativity theory with more crude, solid evidence. To date all experiments favour the assumptions of relativity theory but Quantum theory seems more of a philosophy than science.
-
It is NOT! Relativity ONLY explains the universe through a behavioural model!
I have worked in photonic/opto-electronic engineering and we worked with behavioural models all the time since it would take too much computational power to simulate the quantum mechanical model.
Macro-behaviour models tend to approximate quantum phenomena at the macro-level.
Similarly, what quantum theory approximates may be even more fundamental (such a string theory or whatever) and so on (it is a foilage, layer by layer)... we do not even know where it ends. Please liberate yourself from confined thinking and keep an open mind.
-
Peace "phoneix1",
peace all,
I don't think we should be getting into all these scientific theories and coming up with new ones.
I don't think mathematical codes or scientific knowledge is required to understand the quran. It was written 1400 years ago. People back then didn't have super computers and large telescopes.so going back on topic...
Does the quran say we should turn toward masjid al haram during salat?
or does it say that we should turn toward masjid al haram ALL the time?JK- Science is the way ahead. Science is the only way to ascertain the truth. Im not going anywhere without science and the scientific method. This is what i believe GOD wants us to use and as ive understood from the Quran. We dont know how people understood Quran back then but there were many rational arab thinkers and we learned alot from them. those i believe were Quran Alone Muslims too. They applied the scientific method according to their time to ascertain the quranic truth and succeeeded. we need 2 to the same. GOD Bless!
-
Peaxce "phoneix1",
so going back on topic...
Does the quran say we should turn toward masjid al haram during salat?
or does it say that we should turn toward masjid al haram ALL the time?JK- Your absolutely right n thts wht ive been thinking recently as well. It says i ngeneral context wherever we are. No mention of salat there. Amazing timing agagin. GOD willingly we will get to the stars and discover other planets soon. GOD Bless!
-
Peace and greetings,
Dear Maxq,
You trust on Quantum theory too much which is the greatest conjecture of modern physics. You should stress upon the biased nature of Quantum experiments which are just probabilities and Quantum theory has neither been able to rule out relativity theory nor present any established science of any practical importance. Quanum theory is just a food for thought of physicists who limit themselves to mathematical probabilities.
Bell test experiments are carried out to prove Quantum theory which remains dumb founded because of inaccuracy of the theory.
Introduction
In Bell test experiments, there are experimental problems that affect the validity of the experimental findings. The term "Loopholes" is frequently used to denote these problems. See the page on Bell's theorem for the theoretical background to these experimental efforts (see also J. S. Bell 1928-1990). All of this is intended to prove that nature cannot be described using a Local hidden variable theory (but can be described using Quantum mechanics).
The "fair sampling" or "efficiency" problem is the most prominent problem, and affects all experiments performed to date save one (Rowe et al, 2001). This problem was noted first by Pearle in 1970, and Clauser and Horne (1974) devised another result intended to take care of this. Some results were also obtained in the 1980's but the subject has undergone significant research in recent years. The many experiments affected by this problem deal with it without exception by using the "fair sampling" assumption, more on this below.
Another important problem present in many experimental setups (including Rowe et al 2001) is the "locality" problem. Here, the problem is that the separation, supposed to hinder light-speed signaling between the parts, is not large enough to achieve this.
In some experiments there also may be other possibilities that make "local realist" explanations of Bell test violations possible, these are briefly described below. Each needs to be checked for and screened out before an experiment can be said to rule out local realism, and at least in modern setups, the experimenters do their best to reduce these problems to a minimum.
It is worth pointing out that many modern experiments are directed at detecting quantum entanglement rather than ruling out Local hidden variable theories, and that task is different since one accepts quantum mechanics at the outset (no entanglement without Quantum mechanics). This is regularly done using Bell's theorem, but in this situation the theorem is used as an Entanglement witness, a dividing line between entangled quantum states and separable quantum states and is then, as such, not as sensitive to the problems described here.
Efficiency
In Bell test experiments one problem is that detection efficiency may be less than 100%, and this is always the case in optical experiments. This changes the inequalities to be used, for example the CHSH inequality
When data from an experiment is used in the inequality one needs to condition on that a "coincidence" occurred, that a detection occurred in both wings of the experiment. This will change the inequality into
In this formula, the denotes the efficiency of the experiment, formally the minimum probability of a coincidence given a detection on one side (Garg & Mermin, 1987; Larsson 199. In Quantum mechanics, the left-hand side reaches 2* underoot 2, which is greater than two, but for a non-100% efficiency the latter formula has a larger right-hand side. And at low efficiency 2 ( underoot 2 - 1) (below 82%), the inequality is no longer violated.
Usually, the "fair sampling assumption" is used in this situation (alternatively, the "no-enhancement assumption". It states that the sample of detected pairs is representative of the pairs emitted, in which case the right-hand side above is reduced to 2, irrespective of the efficiency. Please note that this comprises a third postulate necessary for violation in low-efficiency experiments, in addition to the (two) postulates of Local Realism. There is unfortunately no way to test experimentally whether a given experiment does fair sampling, so it is really an assumption if a very natural one.
There are tests that are not sensitive to this problem, such as the Clauser-Horne test, but these have the same performance as the latter of the two inequalities above; they cannot be violated unless the efficiency exceeds a certain bound. For example, in the Clauser-Horne test, the bound is 67% (Eberhard, 199X; Larsson, 2000).
With only one exception, all Bell test experiments to date are affected by this problem, and a typical optical experiment has around 5-30% efficiency. The bounds are actively pursued at the moment (2006). The exception to the rule, the Rowe et al (2001) experiment is performed using two ions rather than photons, and had 100% efficiency. Unfortunately, it has its own problems, see below.
Locality
A loophole that is notably absent from the above section is the so-called ?locality? or ?light-cone? one, whereby some unspecified mechanism is taken as conveying additional information between the two detectors so as to increase their correlation above the classical limit. In the view of many realists, this has never been a serious contender. John Bell supported Aspect?s investigation of it (see page 109 of (Bell, 1987)) and had some active involvement with the work, being on the examining board for Aspect?s PhD. Weihs improved upon the test in his experiment of 1998 (Weihs, 199, but nobody has ever put forward plausible ideas for the mechanism. Its properties would have to be quite extraordinary, as it is required to explain ?entanglement? in a great variety of geometrical setups, including over a distance of several kilometers in the Geneva experiments of 1997-8 (Tittel, 1997-.
Subtraction of ?accidentals?
Adjustment of the data by subtraction of ?accidentals?, though standard practice in many applications, can bias Bell tests in favour of quantum theory. After a period in which this fact has been ignored by some experimenters, it is now once again accepted . The reader should be aware, though, that it invalidates many published results. Notable examples in which there were large numbers of accidentals are Aspect's experiments (Aspect, 1981-2) and the early "long-distance" Bell tests conducted in Geneva (Tittel, 1997). These experiments are discussed in (Thompson, 2003).
Failure of rotational invariance
The source is said to be "rotationally invariant" if all possible hidden variable values (describing the states of the emitted pairs) are equally likely. The general form of a Bell test does not assume rotational invariance, but a number of experiments have been analysed using a simplified formula that depends upon it. It is possible that there has not always been adequate testing to justify this. Even where, as is usually the case, the actual test applied is general, if the hidden variables are not rotationally invariant this can result in misleading descriptions of the results. Graphs may be presented, for example, of coincidence rate against the difference between the settings a and b, but if a more comprehensive set of experiments had been done it might have become clear that the rate depended on a and b separately. Cases in point may be Weihs? experiment (Weihs, 199, presented as having closed the ?locality? loophole, and Kwiat?s demonstration of entanglement using an ?ultrabright photon source? (Kwiat, 1999).
Synchronisation problems
There is reason to think that in a few experiments bias could be caused when the coincidence window is shorter than some of the light pulses involved (Thompson, 1997). Experiments that might be affected include one of historical importance ? that of Freedman and Clauser (Freedman, 1972) ? which used a test possibly not sullied by any of the above possibilities.
Double detections
In many experiments the electronics is such that simultaneous ?+? and ??? counts from both outputs of a polariser can never occur, only one or the other being recorded. Under quantum mechanics, they will not occur anyway, but under a wave theory the suppression of these counts will cause even the basic realist prediction to yield ?unfair sampling?. The effect is negligible, however, if the detection efficiencies are low.
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loopholes_in_Bell_test_experiments
Quantum theory is currupt and just a food for thought and nothing practical.
-
Peace "abrar",
Regarding probability everything in life is based on probability. Nomatter whether you calculate rain, safety, success all can only be stated in terms of probability and when it reaches certain level say 99.9% one says ok thts safe, in case of rain 70% wld do. Life is grey my friend no absolutes but probabilites. GOD Bless! -
Peace jonny_k
Probability is when you do not know the secret behind the phenomena, but once you discover the secrets or variables it becomes a certainty. Today's science is limited as it is always progressing, so today's probabilities may become mathematical formula governed by variables after 1000 years. The God has the knowledge of all variables so nothing is a probability for Him and when He gives knowledge about a secret to mankind, it is called a discovery, invention, innovation, and enlightment, progress, milestone. Hopelessness gives rise to probabilty and optimism, research, progression, innovation leads to lesser probabilities and more hope. The God gives knowledge to whom he pleases. Someday the secrets of weather might get discovered if the God wills. 100 % accurate outcome of anything is determined by the God. We do not know if we are going to be alive the next moment and we do not even know why miracles happen sometimes.
-
jonny_k wrote
JK- Plz check http//19.org/forum/index.php/m/20363/222/?srch=bakkah#msg_20363did u mean the wikipedia link?
...what therein tells u there is a becca in jerusalem...and tells u about its history! -)
but i am glad u use wikipedia for reference! -)
-
did u mean the wikipedia link?
...what therein tells u there is a becca in jerusalem...and tells u about its history! -)
but i am glad u use wikipedia for reference! -)
jk- valley of "beca". can be metaphorical for "valley of tears" too. thts wht i wanna know. how ppl understand becca here. GOD Bless!
-
abrar wrote
Quantum theory is currupt and just a food for thought and nothing practical.wait a sec....
einstein was a deist.......who believed god created the universe....
...and then left it to fend fot itself...based on natural/universal laws....
..he could not accept that god would interfere with the laws....
...thus he was of the diestic view that god does not interfere with the "natural" laws...and that the world was governed by a precise set of laws (that are discoverable)! -)
what planck's hypothesis did...was that it did scare the living hell out of einstein...
...cuz where enistein stressed on determinism and an inviolable set of laws...
...planck's idea introduced uncertainty in the assumption of scientific determinism!
so where enistein claimed that everything was determinable at the macroscopic level....
...quantum mechanics introduced uncertainty at the sub-atomic level...
...thereby "rubbishing" the assumption that the laws of universe are determinable! -)
...which is perhaps why einstein lived and died by his famous/infamous quote! -)
-
jonny_k wrote
jk- valley of "beca". can be metaphorical for "valley of tears" too. thts wht i wanna know. how ppl understand becca here.oh ok...i thut u said there is a becca in jerusalem...so i thut u might give some info about this becca in jerusalem! -)
-
Peace jonny_k
Probability is when you do not know the secret behind the phenomena, but once you discover the secrets or variables it becomes a certainty. Today's science is limited as it is always progressing, so today's probabilities may become mathematical formula governed by variables after 1000 years. The God has the knowledge of all variables so nothing is a probability for Him and when He gives knowledge about a secret to mankind, it is called a discovery, invention, innovation, and enlightment, progress, milestone. Hopelessness gives rise to probabilty and optimism, research, progression, innovation leads to lesser probabilities and more hope. The God gives knowledge to whom he pleases. Someday the secrets of weather might get discovered if the God wills. 100 % accurate outcome of anything is determined by the God. We do not know if we are going to be alive the next moment and we do not even know why miracles happen sometimes.
jk- yes i was talking from a human perspective. GOD Bless!
-
Dear thegod,
The God has written evrything in preserved tablet in which all laws are written and the God knows absolutely everything and the God does not research like a human bieng. He does what He pleases and is absolute. He holds the knowledge of the secrets of the universe and when humans advance some understanding , the secret is revealed in accordance with the will of the God.
Evrything is determinism from the perspective of reality. God holds the answers to determininsm so He is the all knowledgable, whereas humans are always progressing so it they may quit determinism in order to keep comfortable bu evrerything is well determined and the God reveals such secrets as inventions and discoveries by humans.Chapter 3
145.It is not permitted for a soul to die except by God?s leave in an appointed record. And whoever wants the rewards of this world We give him of it, and whoever wants the reward of the Hereafter, We give him of it. And We will reward the thankful.
Chapter 6
38.And there is not a creature in the Earth, or a bird that fly?s with its wings, but are nations like you. We did not leave anything out of the record; then to their Lord they will be gathered.
Chapter 6
59.And with Him are the keys to the unseen, none know them except He. And He knows what is in the land and in the sea; and not a leaf falls except with His knowledge; nor a seed in the darkness of the Earth; nor anything moist or anything dry; all is in a clear record
Chapter 10
61.And any matter you are in, or any recitation you do of the Quran, or any work you do; We are witnesses over you when you undertake it. Nothing is hidden from your Lord, not even an atoms weight on Earth or in the heavens, nor smaller than that nor larger, but is in a clear record.
Chapter 72
28........ He surrounds all that is with them, and He has counted the number of all things.
The God defines any variable in any way He pleases and has recorded that In His clarifying record which is the divine book of knowledge. When we discover some laws the God gives us some knowledge from His book. Everything is governed by a variable and plancks's constant is all about lawlessness and chaos.
The God has recorded determined evrything in this universe. He knows infinite future, present and past which seems chaos to us but our universe is governed by the varible that the God has determined. Everything that we imagine is predetermined in the God's record. You see that the God's will is infinite but knowledge and data is finite. For us everything needs to be defined by variables but the God Himself defines any variables of data and knowledge in whichever way He pleases. So all knowledge of our universe, even paradise and hell and everything you can possible imagine is governed by variables of determinism but the God' will has no limits since for Him evrything is just a matter of His All powerful "be" command because His "be" command defines any variables of determinism in any way. For Him evrything is limited and finite. So his Be command gives rise to infinity from our point of view but for Him evrything is limited, so it is in reality limited as well, except His will which is truly infinite about which the God Himself knows best. Evrything other than the God is determined and governed by variables and nothing has infinite attribute except the God. universe and reality and evrything else you can imagine is finite and be determined by variables except the God. The God is only the limitless being and everything else has limits placed on them by the God.
Chapter 85.
15.Possessor of the throne, the Glorious.
16.Doer of what He wills.Planck never understood the true nature of light by reducing basic building blocks of matter to planck's legth which cannot be proved 100% due to the limitation of detection capability of instruments . Quantum theorists cannot define precisely the true nature of the dual nature of light, so their uncertanity principles are mere conjectures because they simply do not want to appreciate the hidden reality behind the dual nature of light. Quantum theorists make big claims for their research but they have not proved anything of their theory to be practically true. Einstien was logical and practical so evrything has variables that determine evrything that exists except The reality of the God.
-
Peace
Quote warner
Read the Quraan and tell us what things God does and what things Malaika do.
Does the Quraan say God is doing the recording or Malaika.But , the following verse says God records and no mention of Malaika , can it still be referring to malaika doing the recording
4 81
Yusuf Ali They have "Obedience" on their lips; but when they leave thee a section of them meditate all night on things very different from what thou tellest them but Allah records their nightly (plots) so keep clear of them and put thy trust in Allah; and enough is Allah as a Disposer of affairs.Pickthall And they say (It is) obedience; but when they have gone forth from thee a party of them spend the night in planning other than what thou sayest. Allah recordeth what they plan by night. So oppose them and put thy trust in Allah. Allah is sufficient as Trustee.
Transliteration Wa yaqu_lu_na ta_'ah(tun), fa iza_ barazu_ min 'indika bayyata ta_'ifatum minhum gairal lazi taqu_l(u), walla_hu yaktubu ma_ yubayyitu_n(a), fa a'rid'anhum wa tawakkal'alalla_h(i), wa kafa_ billa_hi wakila_(n).
-
Peace and greetings,
Dear maxq,
Einstien's relativity theory is supported by the Quran whereas Quantum theory is just based on human limitations of the understanding of the nature of light at subatomic levels. Quantum theory holds that only the relative likelihood of various outcomes of an experiment may be predicted and not the result of a specific measurement. Quantum theory fails to realise and appreciate the design and order of measurements governed by uniform variables. Quantum theory cannot even prove itself to be true because the bell experiments carried out to prove modern Quantum mechanics failed miserably but their flaws were not highlighted by today's scientists who are lenient towards the inaccuracies of their theories just to criticise einstien's theory of relativity. I do not believe that planck's constant is the limit of subatomic level but it is the limit of our current day measurements which may improve with time in the future.
If you want get Quranic view then love the theory of relativity and not the Quantum mechanics which is the greatest logic behind todays athiest scientists.
Comparison of survey answers among "greater" scientists
Belief in God 1914 1933 1998
Personal belief 27.7% 15% 7.0 %
Personal disbelief 52.7% 68% 72.2%
Doubt or agnosticism 20.9% 17% 20.8%Relativity Today
In the last days of 2004 the important magazine The Economist published an article called "Miraculous Visions" about the centennial of Einstein's theory, saying that just before 1900 one phenomenon after another was discovered which could not be explained by the laws of classical physics and stating that Einstein, in five remarkable papers, showed that atoms are real (it was still controversial at the time), presented his special theory of relativity, and put quantum theory on its feet. It was a different achievement from Newton's year ("1665 and the early months of 1666 are termed his annus mirabilis", but Einstein's annus mirabilis was no less remarkable. He did not, like Newton, have to invent entirely new forms of mathematics. However, he had to revise notions of space and time fundamentally. And unlike Newton, who did not publish his results for nearly 20 years, so obsessed was he with secrecy and working out the details, Einstein released his papers one after another, as a fusillade of ideas. For Einstein, it was just a beginning - he would go on to create the general theory of relativity and to pioneer quantum mechanics. While Newton came up with one system for explaining the world, Einstein thus came up with two. Unfortunately, his discoveries -relativity and quantum theory- contradict one another. Both cannot be true everywhere. Einstein would spend the last years of his life attempting to reconcile the two theories, and failing. But then, no one else has succeeded in fixing the problems either, and Einstein was perhaps the one who saw them most clearly.
Light is said to move in very small but measurable quanta, or quantum bits. Time is supposed to move in correspondingly miniscule quantum bits. The bits fit in with Einstein's theory of general relativity, which describes physics at the large scale of the universe. Einstein said time, gravity and the fabric of space are different manifestations of the same phenomenon.
In recent years, theorists have refined all this thinking and determined a pair of quanta -- the Planck length (one trillion-trillion-trillionth of a meter) and a similarly miniscule packet of Planck time -- that should be the smallest measurable. Below these thresholds, things should become fuzzy If light's travel is quantized, it would in theory be variable in units below the Planck limit.
Results were found from scientists in 2003 from scientists using a technique at the University of Alabama in Huntsville. Richard Lieu and Lloyd Hillman used separate Hubble images and a more complex analyzing technique to examine galaxies that are at least 4 billion light-years away.
They did not find the expected quantum effect.
Theorists say the new results must be taken into account, but they say not enough is known about the way light does or should behave below the Planck interval to draw firm conclusions yet.
If you want to unederstand cosmology from Quranic view, do as Einstien did, let your mind be open but give preferance to relativity theory because both can never be true at the same time. Quantum theory is highly flawed on the other hand because it has no highly accurate proof by experiments.
Enter Sundance Bilson-Thompson, a theoretical particle physicist at the University of Adelaide in South Australia. He knew little about quantum gravity when, in 2004, he began studying an old problem from particle physics. Bilson-Thompson was trying to understand the true nature of what physicists think of as the elementary particles - those with no known sub-components. He was perplexed by the plethora of these particles in the standard model, and began wondering just how elementary they really were. As a first step towards answering this question, he dusted off some models developed in the 1970s that postulated the existence of more fundamental entities called preons.
Just as the nuclei of different elements are built from protons and neutrons, these preon models suggest that electrons, quarks, neutrinos and the like are built from smaller, hypothetical particles that carry electric charge and interact with each other. The models eventually ran into trouble, however, because they predicted that preons would have vastly more energy than the particles they were supposed to be part of. This fatal flaw saw the models abandoned, although not entirely forgotten.
The concept of a Quantum computer is itself flawed.
Nanoscientists dream of developing a quantum computer, a device the size of a grain of sand that could be faster and more powerful than today's PCs. They've identified tiny artificial atoms ? called "quantum dots" ? as the most likely materials to build these machines, but have been puzzled by the dots' unpredictable behavior at the nanoscale.
Roll your dice and build a quantum computer , What a theory!
-
Peace and greetings,
Dear Maxq,
Relativity theory is strongly supported by the Quran and every believer should take interest in it. Here is a complete analysis of the speed of light in accordance with Quran and Einstien's relativity theory.
Abstract
The greatest speed C, denoting the velocity of light in vacuum, is hinted at in two glorious Quranic verses relating this fundamental universal contant C with the motion of the Earth-Moon system. A new relativistic interpretation of this Quranic relation gives C=299792.5 km/s in an extremely marvellous agreement with the accepted international value. This astonishing result emphasises the unity of the physical world, the validity of the special theory of relativity and the authenticity of the Glorious Quran for unbelievers.Introduction
The velocity of light C in vacuum belongs to a small group of the fundamental constants; however, it occupies an outstanding position even within this group. First of all, it is encountered in very different branches of physics. It will come as no exaggeration if one says the story of the determination of the velocity of light is a concise history of physics. And this story has not come to an end yet.
From the ancient Greeks down to the Middle ages, the speed of light was believed to be infinite. Aristotle believed that light propagates instantly!. In the eleventh century, an Arabic scientist Alhassan suggests that light travels at a finite speed. Galileo (1600) tried this speed but he Eailed saying that light is extraordinarily rapid(l). Roemer (1676) was the first measuring C using the eclipses of the Jovian satellite Io. He obtained an inaccurate value of C (215000 km/s) because the diameter of the earth's orbit was not known exactly.Froome's value was considered to be the most accurate for a long period until 1983 when the modulated laser radiation interferometers were applied for the determination of C with great precision.
According to the US National Bureau of Standards(3) C = 299792.4574 + 0.0011 km/
and according to the British National Physical Laboratory C = 299792.4590 + 0.0008 km/s
A basically new definition of the metre wasaccepted in October 1983 at the 17th General Conference on Measures and Weights(3)
"The metre is the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of
1/299792458 of a second".The Fixation of the value of C after the formation of the new definition of the meter does not mean yet the end of the story of this fundamental constant C. There are numerous other questions dealing with the realtion between this multifarious, enigmatic constant C and the theory of Relativity.
Recalling the second postulate of the special theory of relativity declared by Albert Einstein (1905)
"The velocity C of light in vacuum is the same in all inertial frames of reference in all directions and depend neither on the velocity of the source nor on the velocity of the observer".
Pauli(4) (195 said that the data on binarystars allowed us to consider this postulate of the constancy of the velocity of light to be almost certainly correct.
According to Einstein's general theory of relativity (1917), the law of the constancy of the velocity C of light in vacuum can not claim any unlimited validity because the curvature of rays of light can only take place when the velocity of propagation of light varies with position!. Einstein(4) himself solved this contradiction between special and general relativity declaring in his paper written (1917)
"The results of the special relativity hold only so long as we are able to disregard the influence of gravitational fields on the phenomena".
This validity condition of the second postulate of special relativity is considered in the present work because the constancy of the velocity C needs absolute space (vacuum). To attain vacuum in the Einstein's sense of this word. it is not sufficient just to eleminate from a volume of space every atom, molecule and particle, it is necessary also to get rid of the gravitational field. Therefore we have screened out the effect of the solar gravitational field on the geocentric orbital motion of the moon, which is considered here, according to the applied Quranic equation; as a standard measure reference for evaluating the greatest cosmic speed described in the Holy Quranic verses.
Lunar Orbital Motion described in Quran
Fourteen centuries ago, the QURAN(5), i.e. .the Holy Book of Islamic Religion, was directed from GOD to all humanity through Prophet Mohammad, who lived in the Arabian Peninsula.The ARAB people use the lunar system in their calculation of time. The Quran addressed them in the only language they could understand without upsetting their habits. GOD (in Arabic ALLAH the ONE and Only GOD, the CREATOR) says in the Quran
"GOD is the ONE who made the sun a shining glory and the moon a light and for her ordained mansions, so that you might know the number of years and the reckoning" (105)
The lunar year is twelve months, the month is defined recently as the time of one revolution of the moon in its orbit around the earth. God hints at such orbit in the Quran
"GOD is the ONE who created the night, the day, the sun, and the moon. Each one is travelling in an orbit with its own motion" (2133).
Here an essential scientific fact is clearly stated, namely, the existence of the earth's, sun'so and moon's orbits; besides, a reference is made to the travelling of these celestial bodies in space with their own motion! A new concept had therefore been established in the Quran, hundreds of years before it was discovered by modern science(6-7)Today the concept of the lunar year is widely spread and, as we know, the moon is our nearest neighbour in space, and a companion to our planet. It is often said that the earth and moon form a twin-planet. As the moon orbits around the earth, the change in the relative positions of the moon, earth and sun cause the moon to show its phases(8-9). The time between consecutive new moons is 29.53 days and is called the synodic month. During this time, however, the earth, and consequently the moon's orbit, have travelled some way around the sun, so the position of the moon against the background of stars is different. 'l;he time for the moon to return to the same position in the sky as viewed from earth is called the sidereal month (27.32 days) which represents the actual real net time of one revolution in the moon's orbit. This orbit is almost circular having an average radius r=384264 km.
Fig. 1 describes the moon's motion during a lunar month. Position A1 shows a new moon. Position B (about 2 weeks later than A1) illustrates the following full moon. Position A2 the moon has orbited the earth once (with respect to an apparently fixed star). Thus one sidereal period (27.32 days) has elapsed since position A1. The next new moon does not occur until position A3 where the moon has once again lined up with the sun. Thus one lunar synodic period (29.53 days) has elapsed since position A1.
Referring to the Quranic verse (105), we notice that it discriminates between the apparent synodic period for knowing the number of years and the real sidereal period for reckoning in scientific calculations. These two systems of measuring time are now given in the text books of Astronomy as indicated(l، in table 2
Period Siderial Synodic
Lunar Month T 27.321661 days = 655.71986 hours 29.53059 days
Terrestrial day t 23 h, 56 min 4.0906 sec = 86164.0906 sec 24 hours = 86400 secThe aim of this work is to determine the value of the greatest speed mentioned in the following relativistic Quranic verses. In these verses the sideral system should be used for both the lunar month and the terrestrial day as accurate measured periods (with respect to a distant apparently fixed star).
A New Relation in the Earth-Moon System
The length of the moons' orbit L and the time t of one terrestrial day are correlated in a marvellous Quranic verse which describes a universal constant velocity of a certain cosmic affair as follows
"GOD rules the cosmic affair from the heavens to the earth. Then this affair travels, to Him (i.e. through the whole universe) in one day, where the measure is one thousand years of your reckoning"(325)
the Quranic expression "of your reckoning" leaves no doubt as to our understanding of the year as the lunar year.The verse begins with a reference to a certain "cosmic affair" which GOD creates and commands. This affair travels, permanently through the whole universe between the heavens and the Earth, so speedily that it crosses in ONE DAY a maximum distance in space equivalent to that which the moon passes during ONE THOUSAND LUNAR YEAR (i.e. during 12000 Sidereal months). The question which pause.; itself now is what could this cosmic affair be? and what is its greatest velocity as expressed in this Quranic equation?.
To answer this question. The above Quranic verse has been understood** in terms of the following equation
Distance crossed in vacuum by the universal cosmic affair in Osle sidereal day = length of 12000 revolutions of the moon around the earth.
.. Ct = 12000 L .
where
C is the velocity of the cosmic affair,
t is the time interval of one terrestrial sidereal day kefined as the time of one rotation of the earth. about its axis (relative to the stars). i.e. 23 hr, 56 min, 4.0906 sec = 86164.0906sec. )
L is the inertial distance which the moon covers in c-o revolution around the earth during one sidereal month i.e. L is the net length of the moon's orbit due to its own geocentric motion, without the interference of its spiral motion causec by the earth's revolution around the sun, i.e. _ is the lunar orbit length excluding the effec- of the solar gravitational field on the measured value.
Let V is the measured average orbital velocity of the moon deduced from the average radius R of the lunar geocentric orbit tas measured from an orbiting earth during its heliocentric motion)
.. V=2 Pi *R/T....................................................(2)
substituting R = 384264 km and T = the siderial lunar month = 655.71986 hr
.. V= (2X3.l4l6x384264 )/ 655.71986= 3682.07 km/hr
This value is given in all text books of astronomy and is accepted by NASA.
Let @ (Fig. 1) is the angle travelled by the earth moon system around the sun during one sidereal month of period 27.321661 days. We can calculate @ if we take into consideration the period (365.25636 days)of one heliocentric revolution (1 year) of the earth-moon system (Fig.l).
@ = 27.321661*360/365.25636= 26,92848
Thus @ is a characteristic constant of this system depending on uniformperiods of the month and the year.
Since the presence of the sun changes the geometrical properties of space and time , we must screen out its gravitational effect on the earth moon system according to the validity condition of the second postulate of special relativity, i.e. we must only consider the lunar geocentric motion without the heliocentric motion of the earth-moon system. Thus a velocity component VO=V cosO representing the net orbital velocity of the moon as shown in fig. (1) is introduced for calculating the net length L of the lunar orbit assuming a stationary earth.
.. L = V cos @ T ......................... (3)
From equation (1) and (3) we get a new Quranic relation for the earth moon system
Ct= 12000 V cos @T.......................................(4)
.. C =12000 V cos @ T/t..................................(5)
substituting the sidereal values of the periods t and T from table (2), the NASA value of the measured orbital lunar velocity V = 3682.07 km/hr., and the calculated yalue of cos@ = cos 26.92848 = 0.89157, we get the velocity of the cosmic affair from eq. 5 as expressed in the Holy Quran.
C=12000 x 3682.07 x 0.89157 x 655.71986/86164.0906
.. C = 299792.5 km/s
Referring to table (1) and the international value of C = 299792.458 km/s we find an extremely marvellous agreement. Thus we conclude that the cosmic affair, mentioned in the previous Quranic verse, is identical to LIGHT and all similar cosmic affairs travelling in vacuum with this maximum speed such as all types of electro magnetic waves propagating between the heavens and the earth, the expected Gravitational waves spreading all over the universe, and all particles travelling in this cosmic greatest spead such as neutrinos.
It is very interesting to mention here the second Quranic verse that hints at the same relativistic Quranic equation in the earth-moon system God Most High said
"A day in the sight of thy Lord is like a thousand years of your reckoning" (2247) Thus both relativistic Quranic equations emphasise the obtained value of the greatest speed C and show that C is a permanent absolute constant. Actually there have been no scientific evidence that the value of C can change in time as yet. The constancy principle of special relativity is confirmed in the present work, which correlates also the speed of light C in vacuum with the celestial mechanics of the earth-moon system. Referring to equation (4) and substituting the velocity V from eq. (2), we find that the average radius of the moon.
R = *t......................................(6)
.. "The average radius R of the lunar orbit is directly proportional to the period of one terrestrial sidereal day t.".
This new law deduced in the present work is important so far as it confirms the law of conservation of momentum in the Earth-Moon system. Moreover it implies the influence of the tidal effect and the gravitational change factor on the this system.
According to Dirac's cosmology, the universal gravitational constant G must be variable in time! i.e., it decreases with the age Tv of the universe according to Diracs equation
G=*1/T......................................(7)
where e the electronic charge, m and p are the masses of the the electron and proton respectively. Also according to Newtons law, the gravitational changes affect the radius R of the lunar orbit as indicated in the following equation(ll)
R=*1/G................................................(
where h is the angular momentum of the moon about the earth, m and M are the masses of the moon and earth respectively. Since h,m and M remain unchanged with time, the radius R is inversely proportional to G. Correlating the last three equations, further studies in Cosmology may be prompted and facilitated.
Conclusion
It is both important and interesting to find a new astronomical relationZ between the radius of the lunar orbit R and the time t of one terrestrial day deduced according to a new relativistic interpretation of a cosmic Quranic verse alluding to the greatest universal speed identical to the velocity C of light in vacuum.It is so awesome to find unity in the complex of phenomena, that at first sight appear to have nothing in common. This work proves the universality and constancy of the fundamental constant C as the Greatest Cosmic Speed and reveals the Glorious Quran as a Holy Book worth studying with meticulous analysis since its author is the CREATOR of the Universe.
References
-
"The speed of light", J.H. Rush Scientific American p. 67, August, 1955.
-
Physics, Halliday and Resnick, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, 1966.
-
The Greatest Speed, S.R. Filonovich, Mir Publishers Moscow 1986.
-
Theory of Relativity, Pauli, W. Pergmann Press, Oxford, 1958.
-
The meaning of the Glorious Quran, A. Yusuf, Ali. Dar Al-Kitab Al-Masry.
-
The Glorious Quran and Modern Science, Mansour, Hassab, El-Naby, General Egyptian Book Organization BoulacCairo (1990).
-
The Bible, The Quran and Science, Maurice Bucaill, North American Trust Publication (1979).
Astronomy, J. Mitton, Faber and Faber London, P. 20 (197.
-
Discovering the universe Charles, E. Long, Harper & Row Publishers, P. 63 (1980).
-
Macmillan Dictionary of Astronomy, Valerie Illingworth, The Macmillan Press Ltd., London, 1985.
-
The Structure of the Universe, J. Narlikar, Oxford Univ. Press, P. 139, 172, 175 (1977).
-
-
These videos pretty much summarize it all.
http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/elegant/program.html
Signs of Strings is cool since Fermi Lab is a customer of mine that I enjoy visiting and the buffalo you see in video are served at a nearby restaurant?lol
back to topic; please answer my simple questions
All at free-minds.org gather to pray and you are in charge.
Which way do we turn towards? Why?
Answering that it does not matter leaves us twirling like Dervishes.
2225-37 and other verses talk about Hajj ? where do we go?