Some random observations and remarks
Based on my experience in discussions etc
Muslims often cite various reasons for abstinence but as far as I know there is only one reason given in Quran and that is so that we may attain/develop taqwa (God-conciousness, conscientiousness, piety, righteousness, forethoughtfulness).
O you who believe, the abstinence has been decreed for you as it was decreed for those before you, so you may have taqwa.
Just using our so called common sense, we'll understand that this must be THE reason. How could anything else ever come even remotely near in importance, to us getting closer to God (whatever that actually means)?
Vast majority of Muslims begin their abstinence at the time of Fajr prayer, usually according to a timetable (obtained from their local Mosque, or perhaps online). At the time of Fajr prayer given on these timetables, it is usually still pitch black outside. To begin one's fast at this time is incorrect. According to Quran the correct start-time is from morning twilight, i.e. when the first white-ish light appears on the horizon - at this point in time it is not pitch black.
...And you may eat and drink until the white thread is distinct from the black thread of dawn...
The reason why Muslims use the time of Fajr prayer for start-time of fast is because this was a common practice from long ago when the call to prayer was made for Fajr prayer people needed enough time to stop eating/drinking, do ablutions then get to the local Mosque and have enough time to complete the Fajr prayer. This is discussed in Traditional sources and "scholars", some even say it is ok to continue eating/drinking after the first call to prayer.
Interestingly, this common practice has become so prevalent that the vast majority of Muslims are under the impression it is a law to begin one's fast at the time Fajr prayer period begins, and to do so otherwise could invalidate one's fast, even after you show the Quran verse to them. Personally, I find this an excellent example to discuss, as it demonstrates people following man-made sources over clear Quran verses.
I find that people operate and get motivated mostly by fear, unconsciously. I see people who think they've ruined or lost the fast if they exceed the common time limits even a little. I have also seen people insisting that you put something in the mouth exactly when the adhan starts.. i.e. you must not delay at all once the adhan starts. I find this view of things rather extreme, unnatural and fearful. But it is understandable though, since it, like most things, is culturally induced.
Muslims tend to think fasting/abstinence is obligatory when a child reaches puberty. However, it is only obligatory when one reaches puberty, is of sound judgement (e.g. capable of managing their own affairs) and considers themselves to be or they wish to be a mumin/believer.
Well, either we believe that we, and only we, are responsible for our own deeds, or we start mixing things up with responsibilities, rewards, benefits, punishments etc. Intercession anyone? Basically we have a deep rooted illusion that each of us is not responsible for what happens to us... that we are victims to outer circumstances and hence disempowered. See the connection, or am I being to brief and cryptic?
Muslims often cite the alleged health benefits of abstinence, and whilst there are some, there can also negative impacts on health. Feel free to research this.
There are many positive things, and negative things, with everything we can do. It is normal to look for support and promote one's own belief and point of view. This goes for anything. I was once told by an acupuncturist that one benefit with the prostration during namaz is that our hands and fingers end up being place on certain important acupoints above the knees. Although this is correct, it doesn't say anything about the method of namaz.
Many Muslims think their prayers and good deeds are multiplied more so at this time of year than at other times. To my knowledge, Quran says no such thing (?). It does mention the night of decree but not explicitly in that context.
Interestingly, it is common for Muslims to be "extra good" at this time, e.g. doing more prayers, not swearing etc than at other times of year. Interestingly, to act in such a manner could bring into question one's sincerity in faith.
People like to engage in wishful thinking mixed with fables. Hence all the stories about extra credit received when doing this or that. I cannot understand why we would receive more reward at certain astronomical times than others. This is the same as saying we would receive LESS reward, for the same acts, at certain (most) astronomical times. Just doesn't make any sense. We reap what we sow.
